2, see "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio" and feel the love between fox and ghost.
It suddenly occurred to me that the ghost fox in China's literary works, on the whole, is beautiful and charming. Pu Songling, an old man who writes ghosts and demons, is superior, so vivid, so personal and so textured, which is incredible to the old Confucian scholars. Even a famous writer today, who can write such an unfinished article? More broadly speaking, for all people who engage in literature, if you haven't read Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio intensively, you are not an "ordinary writer" after all, and you can't write love after all.
I spent a whole month and a half last year reading through Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and making three thick notes, but I still don't know much about the ghost fox in love. Female Ghosts in Pu Songling's Works: Ru, Mei, Nie, Lian Suo, Qiao Niang, Lu Gong Maid, Lin Siniang, Gong Sun nine niang, etc. Female foxes such as Jiao Na, Qing Feng, Ying Ning, Redjade, Sanniang, Lianxiang, Xiao Qi, Hu Sijie, fox, etc. These ghost fox women are charming, charming, affectionate and intentional human nature. No wonder those heroes are not afraid of their otherness, but flock to them and marry them or regard them as confidants!
Especially those who fall in love with Ghost Fox, each other's every move and smile are so beautiful that it's hard to give up. I don't know what night it is ... It's really worthwhile for human beings to die!
There are many love stories, and love and death are eternal themes. Therefore, there are Liang Zhu, The Legend of the Righteous Demon, Li Yi, Huo Xiaoyu, Li Yaxian, Zheng Yuanhe and Lu You in Tang Wan, which left eternal love and hate, making the world cry. In Yongzheng, become a butterfly became a twin tower or died of vomiting blood.
What moved me most was Du Shiniang, who was furious and had a treasure chest. Du Shiniang threw himself into the river and became a ghost, of course, but who has no sympathy for this ghost?
The most tragic female ghost in opera is Li Huiniang, who died for love. In order to fall in love with scholar Pei, Jia Sidao, a powerful minister, cut off his head, became a ghost after his death, and never forgot to help his beloved. People die and become ghosts, thinking about who she is. ...
To say that the love between ghosts and foxes in the world is more important than the word "fate", didn't you see the story of the love between people and ghosts written by Pu Songling?
When it comes to human love, it is eclipsed by foxes and ghosts! Because there are too many rules and regulations in human love, asking each other to bind each other too much, so some love can't afford to swing for a lifetime. Relative to each other, there is no electricity; However, some men and women occasionally catch a glimpse of it, and they will remember it all their lives. But what happened to the electricity? What's wrong with recalling life? You have been a "private property" for a long time, don't be honest! China people often warn to be loyal to love, often take Chen Shimei and Pan Jinlian as negative materials, and strive to maintain their long-dead marriages and make a name for their families, society and relatives, but they can't think about living in pain ... If they live too tired, they are not as good as a ghost fox who dares to love and hate, and can afford to let go. So I dare to assert that the love between a fox and a ghost can better annotate the society itself and make people worship. In short, ghosts and foxes still love each other.
3. On the artistic style of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
Marx's affirmation of Buffon's view that "style is human" is of great significance for us to understand the style of works from the perspective of writer's personality. The book Introduction to Aesthetics, edited by Wang Chaowen, summarizes the connotation of style as follows: "As a form of expression, artistic style, like human manners, is a representative feature presented from the whole works of art, which is difficult to explain because of the unity of unique content and form, the unity of subjective characteristics of artists and objective characteristics of subjects.
It is not difficult to feel the uniqueness. Generally speaking, the artistic style of a work is the concentrated expression of the author's thought, personality, sentiment, quality, aesthetic taste and artistic accomplishment in his creation. The formation of any style marks the maturity of the writer's thought and art, and the process of the formation of style can not be separated from the influence of the times, social life, literary traditions and schools. It will be very difficult to make the artistic style of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio accurate, comprehensive and meticulous in an article. My essay is just an attempt to attract jade and hope.
Everybody correct me.
The diversity of styles is not only manifested in the works of different writers, but also in the works of the same writer with different styles, genres and forms. The style of Lu Xun's essays is different from his novels and old-fashioned poems; Shakespeare's tragic style is different from his comedies; Tao Yuanming's poems have both the tranquility of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely"
Pale, with the majesty of "Xing Tian Dance, always fierce". Su Shi's "Nian Nu Jiao Don't Return to the River" has been spread through the ages, and it is extremely bold. However, "The water dragon is hidden like a flower, but it is still like a non-flower", which takes its appearance and spirit, and its writing is ethereal, with the delicacy and implication of the graceful school. Pu Songling is no exception. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is not only different in style from his folk songs and poems, but also the unity of various styles.
Starting from the actual works of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, I think its artistic style is mainly manifested in the following four aspects.
The unity of washing practice and macro wealth
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has a wide range of topics. For example, the secular life on the earth, even the whimsical Dragon Palace and Fairy Island, are almost beautiful at home and abroad, in heaven and underground. From Liaodong to Hainan, from Laoshan to Yunnan, from Fujian to Xi 'an, from Kyoto to frontier fortress, with Zichuan in Shandong as the center, the works show us a vast space and colorful social picture. The author is good at writing a dragon snake, sometimes thinking about ancient love, sometimes expressing loneliness and anger about the world, sometimes relying on dreams to express his thoughts, and sometimes using fables to express his ambitions. In many chapters with short length, profound meaning and large capacity, not only the non-human images such as flowers, foxes, ghosts, spirits, plants, bamboo, birds, beasts, insects and fish are unique, but also the literati, farmers, businessmen, soldiers, martial arts, chivalrous doctors, monks and nuns, witch gamblers, prostitutes and thieves. The author works hard, sometimes writing about the subtle relationship between family and neighborhood, the relationship between people and lovers; Sometimes I am witty when writing about the changes of the times; Sometimes it's awe-inspiring to write about a strong man's slaying demons. Sometimes writers are down and out, which makes people cry; Sometimes write loyal love, beautiful; Sometimes writing pure friendship is touching; Sometimes satirizing corrupt officials makes people happy; Sometimes the tyrannical power is denounced, incisively and vividly. The author often uses trivial things around him to generate hair and clearly reveal some essential aspects of society; Often a few strokes, through fascinating details to understand profound philosophy. Like an encyclopedia of life, human feelings, secular, moral, political, economic, legal and other fields are involved. At the same time, the author is knowledgeable, good at using allusions, can develop new ideas from folk stories, and refine rich life materials into creative themes. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a magnificent landscape painting, which is not only famous for its vivid image, but also attracts readers with its grand scale and broad content.
Discovering different ideological contents from similar themes is an important feature of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. For example, the well-known "Three Wolves Rule" has basically the same theme and image, but each has its own emphasis. One shows the butcher's wisdom, one highlights the butcher's vigilance, and the third describes the butcher's bravery. Looking at a large number of love works, not only the thoughts, characters and plots are different, but also the ideological content reflected is quite different. "Jin Ge" and "Xiang Yu" are both about peony flowers falling in love with people. The former aims to
Explaining doubt will wither beautiful love and interrupt a happy life. The latter focuses on eulogizing immortal love. They are all works about tigers, and some criticize corrupt officials (dream wolves) with their ferocious characteristics; Some use their fierce cannibalism to make tigers swallow the heads of powerful people (item height); There are also doctors (Class Two) who are brave enough to protect their mothers.
The colorful content of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is expressed in concise language. Pu Songling has the skill of "a thousand dollars is not easy" in language tempering. In a short space, he can drive refined words and express rich and profound ideological content, so that the book Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio presents the integration of washing and training, just like "mutually exclusive things are combined, and different tones create the most beautiful harmony". In different chapters of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, two or three-word sentence patterns often appear. Such as "at night, the fruit is absolutely. The child secretly rejoices "("Jia Er "). Another example is "Haicheng, Luo Cha", which uses only 36 words at the beginning, and vividly outlines the surnames, life experiences, looks, clothes and hobbies of the characters: "Kei Ma, the word dragon media. Mei fengzi Not so charming, like singing and dancing. From the children of the pear garden, they wrap their heads with a brocade handkerchief, which is as beautiful as a woman, because it is known as a' beautiful man'. "
The author knows the beauty of style well, and sometimes gives people a steady and distinctive style, which makes the designated situation of the work meaningful and eye-catching. For example, "When birds sing, flowers will be Qi Fei; There is a breeze in the deep garden, and then the money falls "("West Lake Master ").
Picturesque scenery, full of emotional beauty, slightly seasonal, indulging in leisure, is to set off the aesthetic feeling of "pleasing to the eye and quick heart" of the characters at this moment. Sometimes writing a sentence or two about deep hatred in the quiet night lies in its nature and profound meaning. For example, "Shayue shakes the shadow, leaving thoughts behind" ("Fengyang Scholar"), the text is beautiful and vivid. A poem "Shake" falsely writes that the moonlight shines on people, but actually writes about the suffering of the characters who leave their thoughts and do not express their affection. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio contains rich contents and many similar examples.
Pu Songling wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, and he really made great efforts in language and writing. In the practice of writing at the end of the road, he made painstaking efforts in the meaning of his last words, and this spirit of hard work and self-encouragement is no less than Du Fu's "words are not surprising and never stop" in his poetry creation. The seriousness and strict self-discipline of Pu Songling's creative attitude can be clearly seen from the traces of manuscript revision that still exist. For example, the introduction of Shengfeng at the beginning of "New Ten Niangs" originally read: "Guangping Shengfeng, over 20 years old, had an appointment with her in-laws, and broke up in discord." When the draft was finalized, the words "at the age of 20 ... in-laws" were deleted and the word "er" was changed to "Lian". After the change, Shengfeng's personality characteristics of "less light and less wine" are more distinct.
Another example is the first paragraph of the sequel to The Pipe. From the beginning to Prime Minister Taiping in 20 years, the original manuscript was *** 167 words, and only 77 words were left after revision. In the original text, the phrase "no notice in the turn" has nothing to do with Zeng Xiaolian's fortune telling. The phrase "Xing Pan: Mr. Wang newly burned a dragon tail, which has a high meaning, but Chang 'an Huadu has seen it" does not help to portray the negative image of Zeng Xiaolian, so it was completely deleted by the author and changed to "Star sees its spirit". There is no need to repeat the words and deeds of Zeng Xiaolian, a star-studded person; It goes without saying that the stars demand that Geng Jia, the soothsayer, belongs to himself; The sentence "the stars predict themselves" is a general narrative process; Zeng Xiaolian said with a smile,' What kind of official is it?' The star pondered and smiled again. "
This short paragraph has no effect on portraying the characters, so it has also been deleted. "It is best not to have python jade" is changed to "Do you have python jade?" It can better show Zeng Xiaolian's tone of coveting high positions and the purpose of seeking divination.
In addition to the modification of characters and words, some works have also made more changes in the refinement of plots. Although the text of the chapter "Fox Harmony" in the revised draft is omitted by half, its content is richer. The two allusions before and after what the fox said in the manuscript all imply the irony in Sun Deyan's words, which seems redundant. After the reform, it is not only consistent and logical, but also fresh in artistic conception, further extending the meaning of mocking the Chen brothers.
Pu Songling strives for perfection in art, and truly achieves what Liu Xie said: "Simplify the complex, cut down the filth, go too far", "leave a message with meaning" and "implication". He deserves to be called a great writer with profound thinking, good use, brilliant talent and good abridgement. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio shows the harmonious unity of great wealth and washing practice in artistic style, which is why.
The reason why Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio can be refined is inseparable from the creative inheritance of tradition. Several critics in Qing Dynasty pointed out the inheritance relationship between Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and ancient prose and biographical literature. Feng Zhenluan believes that "it is foolish to read Liaozhai without reading articles and stories. Only those who have read Zuo, Guo, Shi and Han's works and have a deep understanding of genre practice will know the mystery. Or Japan: Why not study left, country, history and Chinese? I don't know left, country, history or Chinese, but it is written in a novel, which makes people understand it well. "
But Ming Lun also confirmed, "I only like an article somewhere. If it is a history book, if it is a ceremony, if it is a bow, if it is a poem, that is the law of writing." Get this benefit. "Although these views are not comprehensive enough, they illustrate the origin of Pu Songling's artistic skills from an important aspect.
The unity of surprise and simplicity
Pu Songling creatively inherited the fine tradition of China's mystery novels, galloped with rich imagination and associative power, and reflected life in a fantastic way, thus making Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio have positive romantic characteristics on the basis of realism. Many works show amazing artistic style with wonderful ideas, strange images, strange plots and fantastic scenes.
In more than 500 works of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, only a few directly describe people, and a large number indirectly reflect the social relations between people through personification of ghosts, foxes and monsters. People are transformed into inhuman artistic images, most of which have unpredictable magic. In reading and appreciating, they naturally give people the aesthetic pleasure of "being rich, ignorant, strange and surprised". The beauty of yarn hidden in the Book of Shu Chi in the Han Dynasty; The four beauties in White Jade, such as "plain clothes Man", "Jiang Yi Man", "Dan Ruan Man" and "Zi Yi Man"; In the article "Expressing Women", "The performance is even and fine; Woven like cloth, glittering and translucent like brocade, and so on, all belong to fairies. Huang Ying, Jin Ge, Xiang Yu, Lotus Sannianzi and other articles all describe the flower demon. Others, such as bees (Princess Furong), parrots, Qin Jiliao (A Ying), mouse essence (A Xian), white (Sunset) and so on, can be described as strange things, and more are about foxes and ghosts.
Pu Songling's Fairy, Fairy and Fox is neither a sermon on animism or immortality of soul, nor a diagram of the natural properties of things, but a description of supporting people with things. The author uses the artistic techniques of imagination, exaggeration and personification to endow people with thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics while absorbing the habits and physical characteristics of things, and describes them according to people's customs and social relations, so they all have the humanity and human touch of ordinary people. These images also have extraordinary divine power, and they can become unpredictable gods without being restricted by living environment or bound by time and space. Therefore, many images in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio often have the characteristics of immortals and ghosts, foxes and immortals, immortals and monsters.
Absurd scenes and strange images set each other off, from which bizarre plots are derived and absurd artistic effects are produced. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio often shows the realm of "clouds in the sky, which are closed, open and open, and the peaks are broken, and beauty comes suddenly". Gong Xian describes Gong Daoren as a scholar. "Do something in your sleeve" and "Be considerate of others and women" are really big flutes. As soon as the Taoist priests show their sleeves, "Zhong Da is like a house", and as soon as they enter, they are "bright and thorough, as wide as a hall, and there are no beds." Lovers meet here, "save for a rainy day", * * * poetry, talk, get married and have children.
There is no "hardship" here, but it is like a paradise. The description of fairyland is amazing. Another example is "the stars have been counted, and the cliffs are suddenly high" ("Jinse"); "One day, I came back early. No matter where I went, there was no hut. ...
As long as I look around, the courtyard is still there, and my body is in the room "(Zhang Hong); Chambers in the mountains, "bright, no candles. "There is a big leaf banana in the cave, which is used to cut clothes" and "green and smooth"; Women use mountain leaves to make cakes, eat and make fruit cakes; Cut into chicken and cook with fish, all of which are true "("Pian Pian "); ..... all this is impossible in real life. Although there are artistic exaggerations, the war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the funeral of Qin Keqing in A Dream of Red Mansions are, after all, a portrayal of life. The description of dreamland in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio listed above is totally false.
The remarkable characteristics of this kind of works are the consistency of bizarre plot, strange image and absurd scene. The immortal quality of Yan Ruyu in Crazy is also immortal. Her appearance has a strong magical color. This novel was written by Lang Sheng, who is obsessed with it. "One night, I read Han Shu into eight volumes, and halfway through it, I saw the beauty of the sand horn hidden in it." "One day, Fang noticed that the beautiful woman suddenly bent down, sat on the scroll and smiled."
Lang Sheng bowed down in horror, and the beauty "got off several pavilions and looked like a peerless girl". In terms of manners, a beautiful woman is no different from an ordinary person: if you play chess with her, give her a string, joke and drink blogs, and fall in love, but you don't approve of Langsheng's reading. She thinks reading alone is useless, and Lang Sheng is too absorbed in reading to be famous. She made a promise, "If you don't listen, I'll leave." Sure enough, women are mysterious when they forget to teach at birth; When I was born, I mourned and made a wish, but I didn't repeat it, so the girl came down from the book. Judging from the flickering and unpredictable beauty, it is obviously not a mortal.
Most successful works are rooted in social life. How to reflect life depends on artistic conception. It can be seen that conception is the central link to turn life into art. On the question of how to reflect life, there are generally two ways: one focuses on imitating life truly. Of course, in the process of conception, it is inevitable to choose living materials, cut hair, concentrate and grow hair; It does not rule out the role of imagination. One is to give priority to expressing ideals and pay attention to using artistic imagination, association and fantasy to indirectly reflect life. Many in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
Several chapters belong to the latter. Although the author has a solid foundation in life, when he conceived, he gave full play to his rich imagination and tried to explore the meaning contained in the theme, thus arranging absurd scenes, shaping strange images and setting strange plots accordingly. There are not only "dry Kun in the sleeve", but also "arsenal in the belly" (Weng). Cai weiweng "navel can accommodate chickens;" When I was angry, I suddenly stuffed my skin into my navel, and I suddenly stood out from under my sword. I hold it and pull it out, and the white blade is like frost. " He has an inexhaustible belly arsenal. Once something goes wrong, the head can be broken, the abdomen can be cracked, and there is no blood. "One of them, Ge Maosen, shines brilliantly." Some people think that this is a fable of "soldiers with arms in their chests", but from the artistic conception of virtual reality and virtual reality, illusion is the author's original creation.
The illusion here is not absurd and illusory. It does not lead people to a vast space, but inspires people to deepen their understanding of the real society. Because the author has lived at the bottom for a long time and is familiar with all kinds of secular people, his writing is full of strong local flavor and simple human touch. Still taking Gong Xian as an example, if the whimsy of "Gan Kun in the Sleeve" is an inversion of the hierarchical nature of feudal society, then as far as the subject matter is concerned, it is a refinement of the love tragedy prevalent in social life at that time. Poor book
Shang Xiucai fell in love with the prostitute Qu Hui and was "determined to get married". However, the good times did not last long. Brother Hui is so heartless because he was blocked by Zhao. It is the style of this kind of works that combines simplicity with magic. Some plots describe the world in simple language, which is fascinating and penetrating. For example, at the beginning, the Taoist priest in the palace asked for the king, "the people can't pass", and "Gui Zhong saw its meanness and drove it away; Come back. In your anger, jump one after another.
Where there is no one, the Taoist laughs at gold for 220 taels, and those who hate it call it expensive again:' Don't see the king for words; But when I heard that the flowers and trees in Hou Yuan are spectacular, I was enough to travel. "There are those who are chased by platinum. People like it, but they are rebellious. China is expensive and happy. " Such layers of bribes enabled Taoist priests to enter through the back door of Wang Fu. Hou men are like the sea, hard to see! At this glance, the disadvantages of feudal society are exposed! There is heaven, earth, sun and moon in the sleeve, and the wife can let her go back and forth freely, think freely and be full of illusions. Fourteen years later, with the help of Lai Gongren's divine power, we reunited with Shang Xiucai. In the meantime, although Shang Xiucai wrote platinum satin, he was unmoved; Wang's "life calls prostitutes, Ren Shang chooses", but he still has nothing to do, but insists on his original intention:
"But it's enough to help the old prostitute!" The scholar is crazy, pure and pure! Fantasy and simplicity seem to be opposites, but they are seamlessly combined by the author's ingenious thinking and image. "Invisible harmony is better than visible harmony", so this kind of works presents a unique style beauty.
Simple surprise can make people feel fresh, stimulate readers' curiosity and arouse strong interest, thus obtaining an aesthetic pleasure. But this aesthetic effect will not last long, and once the reader's curiosity is satisfied, it will be boring immediately. The combination of magic and simplicity can produce emotional and intriguing artistic charm.
This artistic style not only transcends the simple wonder in aesthetic value, but also transcends the simple simplicity. Pu Songling's poems are famous for their simplicity: either describing scenery with objects or expressing one's mind directly, and rarely exaggerating. For example, "the yellow sand is dazzling and the wind blows, and the summer heat in June is like a cage." There is no rice porridge at noon, and cooking soup makes people sweat. "This kind of poem reflects the hardships of life, but it is natural and has true feelings, but it lacks the beauty of fiction." Things or realities described by poets can cause pleasure, either because they are novel or because they are moved by poets. Compared with Pu Songling's poems, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is superior to Pu Songling in terms of artistic attainments and aesthetic value, although the genre and style are different, because the former can combine simplicity and magic in one furnace.
The writer's achievements.
The unity of implication and sharpness
The fine traditions of China's poetry in past dynasties all pay attention to the implication of art, which, as a feature of artistic beauty, is also necessary for literary works of other styles. The reason why Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is intriguing can arouse the imagination and association of the appreciator, which is inseparable from the profound and endless expression techniques used in the work. Here, subtlety is not only different from impetuousness, but also does not mean obscure and unfathomable. The uniqueness of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio lies in the combination of reward and punishment and punchline, forming a harmonious unity of implication and sharpness in artistic style, which is embodied in the following aspects.
One said: intention is here, intention is there. "Eight Kings" wrote a giant turtle to repay kindness; In order to repay Shengfeng's kindness in releasing the turtle, the giant turtle embedded the turtle treasure in Shengfeng's arm. Shengfeng "has the clearest eyes from now on, and everything can be seen under the grave except jewelry", and soon he is as rich as a prince and becomes a concubine with Princess Su. On the surface, the theme of "Eight Kings" seems to celebrate the virtue of being good at life: Shengfeng was finally rewarded because he couldn't bear to kill. In fact, the deeper meaning of the work lies in exposing the greed of the feudal authorities and criticizing the decay and malpractice of the feudal system. So-called in works
Du Nan's Lingyin is just a drunk who indulges in pleasure all day. The captaincy, the princess and Gui Zhong attached to the captaincy are also a group of people who take bribes. "Happiness lies in trouble, misfortune depends on happiness", and the relationship between happiness and misfortune is transformed through bribery to clear the joints. Wang was furious when he was found guilty of leaving Yincui gorge's shadow in the mirror. He originally intended to ask for punishment, but Shengfeng used Luo Zhi's "the most precious treasure in the world" as bait to bribe the nobles to dedicate words to the king, thus avoiding punishment; Having a wife is also a blessing for Coral Mirror; Finally, I gave birth to a wife. "I was hired to pay for the royal residence. I sent thousands of people." Baoyu is a gem, and the Wangs can't know its name. "It also relies on big bribes to eliminate disasters. Every cloud has a good side:
"Wang Daxi, Shi Shenggui, with the princess. The princess still goes home with a mirror. " Treasure is enough to connect the gods, and Shengfeng knows samadhi, so he can save the day and get both people and money. As the exposed literature of feudal society, this work is representative in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. In terms of deliberate profundity, Xiao Cui is quite similar to the Eight Kings. The whole article is about repaying the kindness of Fox Fairy, but its potential significance lies in exposing two kinds of relations between bureaucrats and officials: mutual protection between the same factions and heavy bribes; Different factions impeach each other and fight each other.
Understanding the style and characteristics of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is helpful to explore the profound connotation of the work through Pu Songling's spring and autumn brushwork.
Second, the main idea is here and the secondary purpose is there. The article Immortality describes the profound friendship between Cheng Sheng and Zhou Sheng, which can stand the test of life and death. The theme of the novel is how to see through the world and finally hide from the process and the week, focusing on preaching "forbearance is the best." Of course, this extraordinary thought reflects the author's "loneliness and anger" of dissatisfaction with reality from one side. However, judging from The Difficulty of Being Friends, the work reveals the darkness, corruption and perverting the law in feudal officialdom.
In fact, it is very shocking and typical. This is the subtitle of the novel. Even if it is the emperor's unjust case, as long as the official department is willing to "collect thousands of dollars and entrust it to the hospital", it can still "get a vague title exemption". There is a lot of darkness, and everyone knows it! No wonder it has become "private prosecution, the world is exhausted", that is, "inviting Zhou". It is not positive to regard "seclusion" as an escape from the world, but it profoundly reflects some essential aspects of feudal society. In particular, the dialogue between some characters is not only full of distinctive personality characteristics, but also extremely sharp, which can often hit the core of society directly. Zhou used Huang's official department to bully others. "I filled my imagination with anger and wanted to find Huang." Cheng Sheng advised him, "There is nothing wrong with strengthening the world, but today's situation.
Who doesn't fuck the spear arc, the official coach of the semi-strong slaughter? "Because ShengSheng remonstrated again and again, didn't go to Zhou Huang, but always swallow not to descend this tone. He believes that "urban order is a court official, not a potential official. Even if there is competition, it must be established. "Why follow like a dog?" So he sued the official and treated his servant. Unexpectedly, officials protect each other, and the county magistrate not only "cracked and threw" the complaint, but also arrested him. Cheng Sheng sees through the world and honestly regards Guan Zai as a "semi-strong coach who doesn't practice spears and arcs", which is why he is outstanding. Zhou Shengsheng, by contrast, is naive. However, seeing is believing. What he doesn't believe, such as "dogs follow dogs", are all true facts. He himself suffered several setbacks in unjust imprisonment and was forced to die in Hong Kong, which is enough to warn the world. Wei Shuihu and Cheng Xian have the same effect. This paper describes the fox incarnating as an old man, ranking second in the Li family in taxation, with friendly exchanges and harmonious feelings. Praise for friendship is its main theme. The beauty is that Weng's mouth is extremely ironic about urban order. Weng refuses to accept anyone who is willing to make good friends. "The only city is Shaoguan, and resignation is a must." Li investigated the reason, and Weng Cai quietly told the truth: "You don't know, he used to be a donkey, but now he can't drink well and is drunk." Servants are different. They are ashamed to be friends. "When the donkey sees the bundle of straw, he will make a series of notes. He likes to be detained. Here, he used Su Wu's slave code in Jiao Fangji: "But no matter how much money you give me, I will get drunk after drinking too much (steamed cakes)", which is used to satirize the nature of greed and abuse of the people in the market, which can be described as witty remarks.
The third is to build a harmonious village. The allegorical works in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are often full of laughter and banter, which contain sharp attacks and bitter satire on corrupt officials, local tyrants, evil gentry and other social evil forces.
Four Training is the most outstanding work of its kind. Describes a deaf-mute instructor who doesn't listen to the advice of fox friends; Unwilling to resign as a teacher, he was sentenced to deafness and was still dismissed. One day, deacon Wenchang. After the roll call, the scholars left to have dinner with their tutors. "In the middle of the instructor's boots, they presented a statement. "After a while, the teacher asked the deaf why he was the only one who didn't make progress, and the deaf instructor was at a loss." Sit close to elbows, hands and boots to show the trend. "As it happens, the boots of deaf-mute instructors contain fake things entrusted to relatives at home. He thought this was what the scholar wanted, so he bowed to the Japanese and said,' The one with eight dollars is the best, and I dare not offer it.' A hidden smile. "However, the deaf instructor was scolded by the scholar, was driven out, and was dismissed from office. Who doesn't have a heart attack after reading such a work? ! As a scholar, it is indecent to openly ask for bribes from instructors; Add a deaf-mute instructor, a freak, who speaks fast enough to make people unable to stand it. Works with a spear of laughter, unveiled the mask of learning, making it a hypocrite. Zhuang and harmony are the concentrated expression of the critical function of this kind of works.
The fourth is to send the side in warmth and sadness. Some works are obviously affectionate love stories, but they do not focus on eulogizing love, but reveal the author's ruthless exposure of corrupt officials in his gentle hometown. Others lurked anger at the feudal rulers in a sad atmosphere. The former can be confirmed by famous works, such as Wu and Grandma. The latter is represented by Gong Sun nine niang and Lin Siniang. "Gongsun nine niang" vividly describes the marriage of ghosts in fantasy, which is no different from the world.
Lai Yangsheng was dragged by the ghost of Zhu Sheng to marry his niece, and got to know Sun nine niang. Introduced by Zhu Sheng and his niece, he was born in his family. From the perspective of writing ghosts and marrying people, this theme is not uncommon in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
The author's focus in "Gongsun nine niang" is to express the aggrieved soul's yearning for a happy life, as well as the resentment and indignation that he is eager to go home but can't get. Nine niang, with both talents and looks, was an innocent person who was killed by the July 1st case. She became a dead-end wandering soul in a pool of blood, and even failed to fulfill her wish of "entrusting the bones" to the living. In view of the tragedy of "blood on the ground, bones supporting the sky" at the beginning, the author denounced and accused the butchers of bloody crimes in the lyrics and knots of "Coody Leng Tuan Tuan, which means don't spit fast".
When we read excellent classical literature, we often feel that the artistic image is greater than the author's subjective thought, which is obviously a victory of realism. As long as the work insists on starting from life, the author may not know the ideological significance contained in the image itself. For example, A Dream of Red Mansions reveals the darkness and decline of the feudal family through Bao Dai's love tragedy, thus showing the fate of the feudal system on the verge of collapse and inevitable demise.
Of course, the latter was unexpected by Cao Xueqin. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is similar to an excellent classical work like A Dream of Red Mansions-the image is more than the thought, but it is more because the author intends to project clear right and wrong and strong love and hate in the artistic image, and express it in the way of "Spring and Autumn" brushwork or hidden music. In particular, the ideological tendency to criticize the current abuses and feudal rulers is often manifested as "many criticisms, such as resentment and satire", and "only those who understand it understand it." Therefore, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio presents a harmonious and unified style of sharpness and implication.
The unity of compromise and sincerity, like moral, can stimulate people's exploration of beauty, and compromise can also give people meaningful aesthetic pleasure. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, the British aesthetician Hogazi discovered the winding beauty from his careful observation of life: "Qu".