Jacques offenbach (18 19- 1880) is a German-born French composer. Offenbach was born in Germany. His first surname was Eberster, and later his first place of residence was offenbach. His father was the chorus conductor of Cologne Cathedral and became the first music teacher in offenbach. 1833, my father sent 24-year-old offenbach to study at the Paris Conservatory of Music, and he has lived here ever since. Offenbach studied composition from Halevy. He was a performer of the Paris Opera House and a conductor of the French Opera House, and founded the Paris Light Opera House. 1870 The Franco-Prussian War broke out and spread to Italy and Spain. 1876 went to the United States to attend the World Expo and give a visiting performance. 1880, offenbach died while rehearsing The Story of Hoffman.
Offenbach's most important achievement is operetta. By the middle of 19 century, he had composed nearly 100 operettas in more than 20 years, which were very popular in Paris. Offenbach composed the first comic opera Pepito in 1853. 1858 10 2 1 His "Orflo in Hell" was staged at the Paris Opera House. The play is based on ancient Greek mythology, and offenbach adapted it beyond recognition. The authorities accused the work of desecrating ancient literature and alluding to the government. But the audience loved it, and the box office soared, which made offenbach, as a theater manager, more happy than worried.
Offenbach's most famous comedy opera is The Story of Hoffman, which was performed at the Paris Opera House on February 188 10 and was deeply loved by the audience. This comic opera is composed of three independent stories, telling the love experience of Hoffman and three women. The plot is funny and grotesque. The puppet songs, boat songs "Beautiful Night" and "Oh, my God, how charming" in the play are all beautiful.
Offenbach's other favorite operas include Beautiful Helen (1864), Parisian Life (1866), Duchess Geraul Stein (1867) and La Perissol (1868).
Offenbach is the founder and outstanding representative of French operetta. Facing the public, he combined the tradition of stage play, the form of loving opera, the live performance of Linyin Liao's newspaper in Paris with urban folk songs. His tunes are full of popular folk sentiment, and life dances are widely used, such as waltz, galo dance and cancan dance. His operetta is full of ridicule and irony: the political and moral corruption of the imperial authorities. But there is also a side that caters to the tastes of powerful people. It is entertaining, even pornographic, and this duality is the reason why his art can exist in the Second Reich. Offenbach's music influenced Austrian Su Pei, Strauss, Sullivan, Hungarian, Lehar and modern American musicals.
Thomas and his comic opera
Charles luis ahn Brois Thomas (l8 1 1- 1896) was born in a musical family. Thomas studied violin and piano with his father since childhood, and entered the Paris Conservatory of Music at the age of 17, compared with 2 1 in 65432. From 1837, he began to write the first comic opera "Double Ladder", which was praised by Berlioz and soon became a success. 1849, The Governor topped the list of crosstalk composers at that time. However, since then, there have been some failures, and finally the period of new creation has come. Undoubtedly, it was stimulated by Cournot's Faust. From this experience, 1866, also known as "Mi Niang", was born, leaving Thomas' name in the long river of history. Mi Niang premiered at Xi Opera House in Paris on 1866+0 17, and it was an unprecedented success. In the following six months, it was staged hundreds of times. The French script of this play was written by Babier and Carrey. The two famous writers at that time, the most famous drama "Lost Mother" in "Do You Know the South China" was directly translated from the original poem. It is based on Goethe's novel (William Meister's Study Time). The plot is: a gypsy female artist who sells art everywhere is fascinated by her mother and falls in love with a rich college student, William. Lotario, an old actor in the troupe, also has a crush on Mi Niang. In order to prevent the love between young people, he tried to burn Mi Niang. William is going to take Mi Niang back to her hometown of Italy and sell her a luxurious castle. This castle awakened Lotario's memory. He is the original owner of the castle, and Mi Niang is his daughter. Finally, father and daughter knew each other, and Mi Niang and William finally got married. Its music embodies Thomas' melodious and moving style. There are many wonderful arias in this comic opera, such as Mi Niang's Do you know that place? Filia's I am Titan, and Mi Niang and Lotario's duet The Lightweight Swallow. Mi Niang is a popular comic opera. In the last 30 years of the19th century, it staged more than 1000 performances and always maintained a good attendance rate.
More than a year later, the five-act opera Hamlet, which premiered at the Paris Opera House on March 9 1868, was well received again. This work is not only quite successful in music creation, but also the first opera to introduce saxophone into the band. It is obvious that both Mi Niang and Hamlet are related to Cournot. Because of the success of these two plays, he was able to replace Cournot as the director of Paris music. Thomas wrote 20 operas in his life, which are full of legends with beautiful melody, lyricism and drama, but lack of due depth in performance.
Cournot, an outstanding lyric composer
/kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, the lyricism of French opera was strengthened, and the grand opera was gradually weakened. However, the comedy opera form suitable for real life-a concise opera form with few main characters and dialogues-has been combined with Italian style and developed. It is not only used to express comedy content, but also used to express tragedy content. A group of composers with different creative personalities and aesthetic concepts formed the French lyric opera genre with their own works. Cournot is one of the outstanding representatives.
Charles Francois Cournot (18 18- 1893) is an outstanding French opera composer. Cournot was born in Paris, studied music with his mother, and studied composition in severiano reija. /kloc-entered the Paris Conservatory of Music in 0/836. His teachers were the most famous composers at that time, such as Harley, Lexur and Zimmer. In the second year of school, he won the second prize of the Academy Music Award in Rome. Two years later, he won the first prize in Rome by an overwhelming vote. From 65438 to 0839, Cournot went to Rome for further study after winning the prize, and visited Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig and other places to get in touch with famous music works and musicians from various countries. In 1852, Cournot became the conductor of the largest Orphean Chorus Association in Paris. 1858 worked in the lyric theatre in Paris, where he composed the first batch of operas. Cournot's most famous opera is Faust. This typical lyric opera was written in 1859 and staged in the Paris lyric theatre, but the performance effect was not satisfactory. So Cournot revised it in 10. 1869 In March, Faust was staged again at the Paris Opera House, and has since become one of the most popular operas. Become the first model of lyric opera. In the next eight years, the Paris Opera House alone staged 65,438+0,000 performances, while in the first 65,438+00 years of the 20th century, it performed more than 3,000 performances in Germany. Faust is based on Goethe's play of the same name, but the story is far from the original, just adopting the framework of the love story between Faust and Margaret. Faust's music absorbed more tunes from urban pop songs and was very successful in depicting Margaret's inner feelings. Her aria "Song of Jewelry" is an excellent song with beautiful and gorgeous melody, which can fully express the talent of coloratura soprano. In the reenactment, Cournot changed the original dialogue to the narrative tone, and added the favorite ballet scene of the French to make the work shine.
Cournot's other major opera works include Sappho (185 1), Queen Saba (1862), mireya (1864) and Dove (1866).
/kloc-after the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 0/870, his family moved to London to take refuge, and he became a VIP of the British royal family because of his successful creation of Faust. From 65438 to 0874, Cournot returned to France and created a number of excellent works. Such as Porriette (1878), Zamora's tribute (188 1) and so on.
Cournot is an outstanding lyric composer. He wrote 12 operas. Besides Faust, Romeo and Juliet (65,438+0867) is also excellent. Cournot lacks the feeling and experience of theater. Although the melody is beautiful, it lacks the motivation and freshness of development, which affects the charm of traditional Chinese opera.
Verdi's Romantic Opera
Rossini spanned two eras, namely classicism and romanticism. Verdi is an artist belonging to19th century. Born in 18 13, died in 190 1. 19th century is the decisive century of human civilization and culture. Verdi composed for the stage from 1839 to 1893. During this period, he experienced all the fields of romanticism in the19th century.
Verdi's opera works are full of passionate emotional melodies, and his achievements represent the peak of Italian romantic opera. The chorus in his opera was adapted into patriotic songs, expressing the spirit of freedom and independence in the Italian national reunification movement. Verdi paid great attention to the choice of theme and the treatment of stage effect, but sometimes he was too unconventional to pass the test at that time.
Giuseppe verdi (1813-1901year), 18 13 10 June 10 was born in busetto, the principality of Palma in northern Italy. My parents run a small restaurant that doubles as a grocery store. Their taciturn, melancholy and withdrawn character was passed on to Verdi and became the "seed" characters in his life. When Verdi was born, Palma was being invaded by Austria, which wanted to drive out Napoleon's army (1For most of the early 9th century, the European continent was invaded by Napoleon or those who wanted to drive out Napoleon, which was always related to Napoleon). Due to local conditions and family economic conditions, Verdi did not have a good environment for learning music. But this did not hinder his interest in music. 1925, Verdi 12 years old began to be an organist. Verdi's parents wanted to broaden their children's musical horizons, so they sent him to the nearby city of busetto, where he lived with another grocer named Antonio Barrech, who was in charge of the local music club. The young Verdi soon composed marches and other music for the city's bands, but most of them were piano duets for himself and Barrett's lovely daughter Margarita.
Verdi 1828 graduated from busetto Conservatory of Music. He chose music as his lifelong career and tried to create several concertos. He wrote the prelude to The Barber of Seville, which was staged in busetto Theatre and caused a sensation in the small town. During this period, Barrech provided valuable support and funding for Verdi's fame and career, and even his daily life. This support and fatherly care continued until his death.
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