Yuanmingyuan is a treasure house, which contains rare cultural relics such as celebrity calligraphy and painting, secret room classics, Zhong Ding treasures, gold and silver jewelry and so on, and concentrates the essence of ancient culture. Yuanmingyuan is also a garden of exotic flowers and plants, with millions of rare flowers and trees. There is also a western-style garden scenic spot in Yuanmingyuan. The most famous "watching water method" is a western-style fountain, a flower maze and a western-style building, all of which have the style of Italian Renaissance.

The second opium war, also known as the war between Britain and France. 1856, Britain captured pirates on the China Roya in Huangpu, Guangzhou, under the pretext of Guangdong navy.

Send troops to attack Guangzhou. France also invaded under the pretext that the French Catholic priest Marais was killed in Xilin, Guangxi. 1857, the British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou.

1858, the British and French fleets attacked Dagukou with the support of the United States and Russia. Dagubao fell and the British and French forces invaded Tianjin. The Qing government sent an imperial envoy Jia Liang,

Vashana signed the Tianjin Treaty with representatives of Russia, the United States, Britain and France. In the same year, Russia forced the Heilongjiang general Yishan to sign the "Hui Yuan"

Treaty. 1June, 859, Britain, France and the United States led a fleet to shell Dagu on the grounds that they were refused to change their contracts in Beijing. Shi Rongchun, the magistrate, led the defenders to fight back, sinking and injuring the enemy ship 10.

Ship, killed nearly 500 enemy troops, seriously injured the British fleet commander Herbert, Shi Rongchun died. 1August 860, 18000 British and French troops landed from Beitang and occupied Tianjin.

In September, the Qing army defeated the British and French allied forces at Baliqiao in Tongzhou, Beijing. Emperor Xianfeng and Cinuo of the Qing Dynasty left Beijing and fled to Chengde. 10 year 10 month 18 day, British and French allied forces occupied Beijing and looted it.

Robbery and burning of Yuanmingyuan (see burning Yuanmingyuan). The British and French allied forces burned and looted in the suburbs of Beijing for nearly 50 days, and the royal gardens in the suburbs of Beijing, such as Yuanmingyuan, Qingyi Garden and Jingming Garden (jade

Quanshan), Jingyi Garden (Xiangshan) and Changchun Garden were all set on fire. The Qing court appointed Yi Xin as the plenipotentiary, responsible for the Sino-British and Sino-French peace negotiations and the signing of the Beijing Treaty. 1 1 month,

Russia also coerced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty. China paid huge reparations and lost a large area of territorial sovereignty.