Songtsan Gambu received a good education when he was a teenager. He is good at martial arts such as horseback riding and archery, loves folk songs and is good at writing poems. He often improvises poems at banquets, and his poems are one of the earliest extant Tibetan literary works.
When Songzan Gambu was thirteen years old (AD 629), his father Lang Mulunzan was poisoned at a banquet. Subsequently, some old aristocrats who insisted on backward traditions launched rebellions one after another, and the remnants of conquered surrounding tribes such as Supi and Sheep were also ready to move. In particular, Supi's old nobles carried out "revival" activities wantonly and set out to attack Tubo on a large scale, which seriously threatened the security of Tubo. The young ambassador, Songtsan Gambu, was appointed at the critical moment and inherited his father's position.
After Songzan Gambu acceded to the throne, he first stabilized the internal affairs. Relying on his uncle's comments on Kerr and his cronies, he United and wooed a group of middle and small aristocrats, and obtained the help of liberal families to make the army sufficient. Then pre-emptively arrested and disposed of the old aristocrat who poisoned his father by swift and violent means. In this way, the poverty in the political center and the translation area have stabilized. The second step is to deal with insurgents everywhere. Songzan Gambu adopted a policy of introducing Lasong Gambu to them, suppressing and appeasing them, and striving for those forces that can be United. Because he is resourceful and thoughtful, people call him "Songzan Ganbu", Songzan is the name, and "Ganbu" is both a respectful name and a profound meaning. In 632 AD, Songzan Gambu began to send troops to crusade against the rebellious local aristocrats. Because the soldiers fought with their lives, the enemy was very isolated and they soon succeeded.
For the development of Tubo's national strength and political reform, Songzan Gambu moved to Luoyang in 633 AD and established a powerful slavery regime. As Yuan Nai, the state government, said, Zanpu (that is, Zanpu Songzangambu) began to lose its crown in 1998, and it was arrogant and generous, with the ambition of dominating the fields, the Tangut, the Brandeis and the Tuguhun countries in the western regions. "
At this time, during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Songzan Gambu advocated prosperous Tang civilization and wanted to establish friendly relations with Tang Qing. Since 634 AD, many envoys have been sent to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage. In 640 AD, he sent Daxiang (equivalent to Prime Minister) Lu Dongzan to Chang 'an to propose marriage. Lu Dongzan is an outstanding politician and linguist of Tubo. With his wit and cleverness, he skillfully solved five intellectual problems set by Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong was very happy and thought that his king must be wise to have such a talented envoy, so he decided to marry Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu.
In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng, accompanied by Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and Li Daozong, King of Jiangxia, set out from Chang 'an and went south to Tibet, in today's Xining. Songzan Gambu was greeted by a powerful guard in White Sea (Zhaling Lake), met Li Daozong respectfully and was given a son-in-law gift. In order to show that Han and Tibetan are like a family, he put on the Hanfu presented by the Tang Dynasty, greeted Princess Wencheng, and then held a grand wedding. Then, personally escort Princess Wencheng to Rogge. Along the way, the Tubo people warmly welcomed Princess Wencheng. When Princess Wencheng passed through Yushu, Qinghai Province (now Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province), she taught local people to cultivate fields and develop production. Up to now, there is still a statue of Princess Wencheng in Batang, south of Yushu. At that time, Tubo people dressed in festive costumes greeted Zantang (Queen) from afar. Songganbu is very excited to marry Princess Datang. It's really an honor. I want to commemorate this city and let future generations know about it. According to the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty, he built a city wall and a magnificent palace for the princess in Luoduo. To this day, the site of their wedding bridal chamber and their statues are still preserved in Potala Palace.
Princess Wencheng helped Tibetan people to carry out the calendar, taught people to use waterwheels and taught women to spin. The advanced culture in Tang Dynasty greatly promoted the development of Tubo.
After Songzan Gambu married Princess Wencheng, he was more influenced by the system of lanterns in the Tang Dynasty politically and economically. He imitated Tang Qing's military system. A new military system will be implemented, with 31,000 households and 4,000 households according to the size of the tribe. Qianhu Prefecture is not only an administrative unit, but also a military unit. Soldiers also have a special roster, which records their names, ages and places of origin. This enabled the dynasty and Zampa to directly and effectively control the local army.
Songzan Gambu also imitated the system of the Tang Dynasty, reformed the central official system and set up more prime ministers to divide the power of prime ministers. There is a "prime minister" under the prime minister, which is equivalent to the minister of the Tang Dynasty. This new official system completely swept away the old backward system. Tubo is still in a slave society. However, Songtsan Gampo practiced a land grant system among the freemen, imitating the land equalization system in the Tang Dynasty, and divided Wang Tian and some state property equally among the poor freemen. He also fixed land and taxes by registering the civilian household registration and cultivated land area around the "Green Paper". This is the bud of Tubo feudal land ownership.
The relationship between Songzan Gambu and the Tang Dynasty became more and more harmonious and close. In 648 AD, Wang Xuance, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, went to Zhongtianzhu (now India), and envoys from various countries went to Chang 'an to pay a return visit to Wang Xuance. He was robbed on the way and took refuge in Tubo. Songtsan Gambu sent 1200 elite soldiers and more than 7,000 cavalry under the command of Wang Xuance, and defeated the robbers before boarding the ship again. In 649 AD, Emperor Taizong died of illness and Emperor Gaozong succeeded to the throne. When Songzan Gambu knew about it, he immediately wrote to Sun Chang Wuji, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, saying, "The son of heaven has just acceded to the throne. If there is a disloyal servant, I will lead troops to get rid of him. " At the same time, fifteen kinds of gold, silver and jewels were presented and requested to be displayed in front of the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong. Seeing that he was so sincere, Emperor Gaozong made him king of Ma Bin.
Songzan Gambu not only made outstanding contributions to strengthening Sino-Tibetan relations and developing Tibet's economy, but also was an advocate and founder of Tibetan culture.
Before Songzan Gambu, Tubo had no words, and "carved wood and knotted ropes". Songtsan Gambu was determined to change this backward situation and sent sixteen aristocratic children to Kashmir, India to study philology. After returning home, study Kashmir. The best Tumi Sambuza founded Tibetan on the basis of comparative study of Indian Sanskrit and western languages. This kind of writing was quickly popularized, which greatly promoted the development of Tibetan culture. Songzan Gambu himself is a strong advocate of Tibetan writing. He devoted himself to studying for four years, called on ministers to learn, took tough measures against young nobles and ordered them to be familiar with them. In this way, many Tubo nobles learned to write folk literature in this new language and write their own poems.
Songzan Gambu is also good at absorbing nutrition from Tang Dynasty culture and foreign culture in Central Plains, enriching Tibetan culture. He sent a group of aristocratic children to the Tang Dynasty to study poetry books, through which he spread and introduced the traditional culture of Tubo Han nationality. Songzan Gambu himself has also studied Chinese. He specially appointed ministers proficient in Chinese to be responsible for correspondence with the Tang Dynasty, and also asked the authors of these letters to weigh the characters together and compare and analyze the different structures of Chinese and Tibetan characters.
Songzan Gambu is also interested in Han painting and architectural techniques. He hired many craftsmen from the Tang Dynasty to build temples in the style of the Tang Dynasty. The architectural styles such as Jinding and Dougong, colorful glazed tiles and high-eaves kisses, which are still popular in Tibet, are all architectural styles handed down by the Han nationality. In addition, the medicine, calendar and history of the Han nationality were also paid special attention to during the Songzan Gambo period.
During the reign of Songtsan Gambo, Tibetan economy and culture developed rapidly. Within the territory of Tubo, fields are widely opened, water conservancy projects are built, and ditches are criss-crossing. "All roads are cattle and sheep." At the same time, handicrafts and commerce flourished. Especially in culture, since Songzan Gambu, Tubo has its own national characters, its own history, characters, rich and colorful Buddhist documents and temple buildings. Songzan Gambu has made great contributions to the development of Tibetan society.
In May 650 AD, Songtsan Gambu died of illness in Logue at the age of 34. Buried in Liang Baoling, Yalong River (this place cannot be tested).
Upon receiving the news of Songzan Gambu's death, the Tang Dynasty immediately sent General Kuang Ji, the right Wuwei Xian Di, to Luoduo to attend the ceremony of hanging the imperial seal.
After Songzan Gambu died, his grandson abandoned Munzan to discuss his succession.