In classical Chinese, there are 1, lamenting the moment of my life, admiring the infinity of the Yangtze River, cuckoo's bleeding cry, ape's whimpering of pipa, sympathy for the king's life, similar to the snake catcher's theory, and mourning (lamenting ...) Qin did not mourn my loss, but cut me. Qin loves luxury, and people also miss his family's Epang Palace. 2. Love, cherish and cherish the vain heart of loving swords, while honest people don't love children, so they choose Yanling West as their teacher. At this point, they are not allowed to love their bodies. Debate on Ziyu ⑤ Love Yuan Huimin policy, and the people love it very much; 5 miserable people love the king very much; (5) Qi Huan inscriptions; ⑤ Thinking about the country's stability, fitness and fitness, accumulating its virtues, admonishing Taizong's ten thoughts, and then knowing that he was born in sorrow and died in happiness. There will be some works in the Biography of Planting Camels, and then we will think of Zhi Zhi's exhortation to the Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong (3). Where are the world leaders and where are they now? How can you tell from Qian Chibi Fu (4) that the square is sixty or seventy, like fifty or sixty, but it is not a realm? , Zeng,,, Gong Xihua sat down, oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the high-ranking official Hou Lu, dreaming of Tianmu Mountain, knowing the swan by the birds, and historical records? Chen She family "The Story of Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion" author Shu Ren Andrew * * * "(5) Comfort is always comforting, but don't forget the ancient poem for Jiao Zhongqing's wife. Zhongan can't be in the temple of Lin Xueshan. 4. Press ① Press Wang Xiang's sword and say (press the sword: touching the sword indicates the direction of fencing) Hongmen banquet. "(3) the tour king system, tour according to the" Yuxi old plug "historical records? Textual research on General Wei's Biography of a title of generals in ancient times (④), according to the five-person tomb tablet (5) and the case (①), several examples were tested. Every time you move a long and short table, you should check the "Ji Xiang Xuan Paper" (②) where there is no place to put it, and ask the ancient short-legged tray to bid him farewell, the "Long Pavilion" in Qi Mei. From Shicheng, Lian Po, Lin Xiangru (4) pulled out the sword of Xiangzhuang, and Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced at the Hongmen banquet. Because of the prelude of drawing a sword, the Hongmen banquet was promoted and the days of spoiling children were excellent. Chen Qingbiao is a pattern from the past when the emperor left his majesty. 7. White ① is white and green. The world has inherited innocence. Thrift training shows health. Tell the law that martial arts can't be threatened in the end. 4. Keep the world innocent (use lime to describe the author's honest life). 5. I understand that clearing the snow makes Wang wrong. 8. Defeat 1. Grass in ruins, exploring the origin of stones. 2. destroy. On the other hand, the theory of spreading Qin suppressed its success or failure. Biography of Lingguan (4) defeated Xin Si in summer and April, and defeated Qin in the battle of vegetables (5). The reason for its decline was that it was too angry. 9. A courtesy to show respect. Ask Ruoxiang Yu Ding, and then worship ... about paying for marriage. In the past three years, I have paid tribute to the monarch (worship: worship the collar) and visited the battle of Qin Jin cuisine. I asked my wife to pay tribute to the anecdote on the left in class. I was granted a position or an official position. I dare to hear the biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, and I was ordered to worship Dr. Chen Qingbiao instead of Preface to the South Guide. Sue to the army, in order to repeatedly reported to the king "hongmen banquet" seems to be reported to the owner know "promoting the weaving" ② answer, the answer is pending, and the helper can report to Qin, but the biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru is not available ③ to retaliate against the Hu people who dare not go south to herd horses, but dare not bow down and complain ④ to reward their mother's death. Although I want to repay them, I will still return to the biography of Su Wu. The feeling of serving the country in leisure time is "going" in Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion, "going ... with the size of the six countries 12, prepare ① to be complete, complete and understood by God. When preparing for the trip, the master who kept the battle of Qin and Jin all night was exhausted, and the battle of Qin Jin prepared by the master went to Jingkou, holding a dagger to prepare for the unexpected. You Bei Rong Chou (hung here) sent Ma Sheng Dongyang 13 in sequence, Gai You (1), returned home and heard his wife's words. If he is promoted by the ice and snow, he is said to have been hurt passively, and so is your concubine. This ancient poem was written by Jiao Zhongqing's wife. Her beauty envied all the leading dancers, and her pipa lines (and preface) made Wu Gexi get fucked by rhinoceros. I heard that Zuo Gong was branded and suddenly died overnight. Zuo's anecdote 14 was twice as high as ①, while millions of famous teachers wrote books with "Hui", which was contrary to my wishes. Hongmen Banquet 15 was sad ①. On a sad night, fish and dragons wailed in the Yellow River. Tall man.

2. Classical Chinese finishing

A knowledge point arrangement of Gong Fangfu 1 Different meanings in ancient and modern times 1, ancient intrigue: refers to the uneven structure and exquisite production of the palace; Today: it is a metaphor for exhaustion and intrigue. 2. Xinggu: bright starlight; Today: refers to people who have made achievements in the industry and made a name for themselves. 3. Ancient management: jade, jewelry and other things; Today: refers to planning, management or organization (enterprise, activity). 4. Elite ancient: refers to things such as jade jewelry; Today: refers to outstanding talents. 5. poor ancient: poor; Today: pity, sympathy. 6. isolate the ancient meaning: isolate the present meaning: don't be together and avoid contact. 7. Go straight to the ancient meaning: the trend to the present meaning: walking. 8. Ancient meaning of climate: The text refers to the meaning of emotional atmosphere. Today's meaning: refers to the meteorological profile of an area. 2. Classification of common notional words: 1, 1: ① Six Wangs and One Family in Four Seas (unified poor and scorched soil (numbers) ③ Yellow Crane never revisited the land (once) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Family: ① Qin is the family of Qin, not the family of the whole world (extinction) ② Scholar-officials, the teacher said disciple Yun Zhe (class) 5. Shoulang's waist and back (noun, Susie, noun as adverbial here) farsightedness (adjective, through "human") made Qin love the people of the six countries (conjunction, if) 8. Sing a song in the evening, be a person in A Qin Palace (verb, become), and then be a king for three generations (verb, become) 3. Classical Chinese function words 1. Yan (1) adjective suffix is equivalent to "ran". Lishan Mountain was built in the north and folded in the west/far-sighted, but looking forward to happiness/handed over to three generations, mourning for the monarch/Qin people through the ages. (2) The conjunctions of later generations have turned. In one day, the uneven climate/made everyone dare to speak and be angry/future generations mourned without warning. (3) Yishan (representing the six countries)/If you can't get it, you will lose it (representing the state of Qin) (2) Pronouns, your own, are used as attributes. Make the six countries love each other. 4. Go to the (1) preposition, go to the downstairs hall, and come to Qin (2) preposition. Make the pillar of the negative building, the heart of a thousand people is also pronoun. Why did you take all the money (on behalf of the property)/Qin people couldn't help mourning for themselves, and later people mourned for it (on behalf of Qin people). 3. Flexible use of (1) nouns as verbs 1, you come to Qin (by coach). 2. Singing at night ((jade is the key)) 4. Gold nuggets and pebbles (with gold as the example; Think of pearls as) 5. The Chu people burned a torch) 6. Qin Ye, Qin Family (genocide, killing) (2) Noun as adverbial 1, Li Mountain is built in the north and folded in the west (north; West) Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west. Go straight to Xianyang (north, west)/Langyaohui. The eaves are high (such as ribbons)/the water vortex in the hive, I don't know how many millions of people will fall (such as the hive, such as water vortex)/leave the downstairs hall and come to Qin (by chariot). It's not Ji Hehong (rainbow appears)/Long Bridge is lying on the waves, it's not clouds and dragons (dragons appear)/singing night strings, but burning (singing and playing the piano)/Chu people for Qin Gongren, scorched earth (turning into scorched earth)/tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles (used as sonorous, stone, lump and gravel) (4) verbs as nouns. Management in the Han and Wei Dynasties (referring to things with precious stones) (5) Verb conation usage. Later generations mourn for it without learning it (take ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Make the negative building columns more than Nanmu farmers (Nanmu farmers are more, prepositional phrases are put behind) (2) Qin people can't help but feel sorry for themselves (self-pity). The corridor twists and turns like a broadband ring, and the eaves tilt like high birds peck; (These pavilions) are built according to the terrain, with connected seats and staggered eaves. 3. The long bridge lies in waves and there is no cloud. After the road is empty, isn't it a river rainbow? The long bridge lies across the water, (just like Youlong, but) without clouds, how can there be mosquito dragons (flying)? After the day, (just like the rainbow in the sky) (but) it's not raining, how can there be a rainbow (flying)? 4. Qin people can't help feeling sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for them; Later generations mourned it without learning the lesson, which made them mourn it again. The rulers of the Qin dynasty had no time to lament for themselves, only to let future generations lament their demise; Later generations lamented the demise of Qin, but they could not learn from it, and they would also let his later generations lament him again (repeating the mistakes of Qin). 5. Zhao Yanzhi, Han Weizhi, Qi and Chu elites, plundered their people from generation to generation and piled up like mountains.

3. Translation of all words in the short list of content words in classical Chinese commonly used by teachers.

Previous models:

Before the first emperor started his business, the Middle Road collapsed (Cú); At three o'clock today, Yizhou fatigue (pí) drawbacks,

This is a crucial autumn. But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy court, with the honor of the late emperor and the spirit of benevolent people. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, quote wrong words and block the road of advice and advice. In the palace, everything is an organic whole, and it is not appropriate to punish Zang (zāng) or not (pǐ) by similarities and differences. If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be rewarded by this department to show your majesty's understanding, and you should not favor one over the other, making the internal and external laws different. Assistant Ministers You Guo (y not u), Fei Yi (y and), Dong Yun, etc. , are kind, honest, loyal and pure, based on the legacy of the late emperor (WYEI). Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed and then implemented, which will certainly help (b √) fill the vacancy (qu √) to benefit widely. General Xiang Chong, good character, good military. He tried it in the past, and the first emperor called it energy, which was supervised by the public. Fools think that if they know what is going on in the camp and ask them for advice, they will certainly be able to make the industry harmonious, and the pros and cons are well deserved. Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When Qin Shihuang was in power, every time I discussed this matter with ministers, I always sighed and hated Hu Han and Ling Ye. History of ZH m: ng, Shangshu, Chang (zh mng), and joining the army, I know that I am a minister of chastity and death. I hope your majesty will personally believe it, so the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and I can stay.

I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation (wěi) was self-defeating. Three ministers were in the thatched cottage. The ministers were grateful for what happened in this world, so they promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since his appointment, he has been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment will be invalid, which will hurt the knowledge of the late emperor. So he crossed Lushan Mountain in May and went deep into the barren land. Now the south is stable and well-armored. When the reward rate is (shuài), the three armies are determined in the north and the Central Plains in the north. Shu State (shù) will be exhausted (nú), and Shu State (r m: ng) will rid itself of traitors and murderers, revive the Han Dynasty and return to its old capital. The minister was therefore loyal to His Majesty and the first emperor. As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so. May your majesty entrust the effect of bringing back the dead to the minister, and if it doesn't work, punish the minister severely and tell the spirit of the first emperor. If there is no word to promote virtue, blame you for being slow to show its blame (Jiù)；; Your majesty should also ask for help and advice (z is not u), be kind and polite. I am very grateful to you for pursuing the last emperor's testament. Stay away from it today, crying, I don't know what to say.

After the model:

The first emperor was worried about the Han thief and was not partial, so he asked me to ask the thief. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers and know that ministers can cut thieves, so that the enemy can defeat the strong with the weak. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious. On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat; Thinking about the Northern Expedition, we should enter the south first: therefore, we crossed Luzhou in May, went deep into the barren land, and had a solar eclipse. -I have to cherish myself: Gu can't be partial to the capital of Shu, so he took risks and served the legacy of my late emperor. The discussant called it unplanned. Now thieves hate the west and serve the east. Sun Tzu's Art of War: It is also the time to advance. I sincerely hope that Chen Qi's affairs are as follows: Gao Di is as bright as the sun and the moon, and his advisers are deep, but he is injured by risks and then he is safe and sound; Now your majesty is not as good as the emperor, and the adviser is not as good as him, but he wants to win with a long-term strategy and settle the world: this minister has not solved a thing. Liu you and Wang lang, each according to the state and county, talk about the plan, move the sage, and the ministers are suspicious and difficult to stuff; No war this year, no conscription next year, let Sun Ce take the big seat, and then we will join Jiangdong: this minister has not solved the second problem. Cao Cao's ingenuity is unique to others, and he uses soldiers like Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, in danger of Wuqi, in danger of Qi (qí) company, forced by Liyang, lost several times in the mountains, almost died in Tongguan, and then took a break; The minister is weak, but he must be determined to keep up with the crisis: this minister has not solved three problems. Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu and Li Fu to work out, and appointed Xiahou and Xia Houdun, who lost. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, it was still a loss. When I am in a situation, how can I win? The minister has four unresolved problems. Since I arrived in Hanzhong, I have lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong. And more than 70 people driving long rafts. Suddenly, more than a thousand people, such as Cong Zuo (S not U) and Qing Qiang (qiāng), rode around. All this has been corrected in a few decades. If it is a plural year, it will cost two thirds. -Why should I plan the enemy? The minister failed to solve five problems. Today, the people are poor and tired, and they are in Fukashi; If things can't stop, then live and travel, work and pay; Not as good as today's picture, I want to stay in a state with the thief: the minister has not solved six problems. It is difficult for a husband to make peace, and things are also. Yesterday, the first emperor was defeated in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and said that the world was settled. The first emperor invaded wuyue in the east, took Ba and Shu in the west, and sent his troops to the north to behead Xia Houdun: this was a mistake, but it was a success in China. -Then Wu Geng violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor: Everything is so hard to see irreversibility. I try my best to die; As for failure and outspoken, the minister doesn't know.

In fact, Baidu Encyclopedia came out with a search model.

4. Common notional words in classical Chinese

I. Common sense of notional words in classical Chinese Common sense of notional words in classical Chinese includes: ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy, interchangeable words, flexible words, etc.

Second, function words are auxiliary words and pronouns. The usage of function words commonly used in junior middle school classical Chinese (examples are mainly in Volume 4, 5 and 6) (1) pronouns are third-person pronouns, which can express people, things and things.

Daiduo is the third person, which translates as "he (she) (they)" and "it (they)". The public rides it and fights with spoons.

(Cao Gui Debate) (2) Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. (The Chen She Family) (3) Carnivores are welcome.

(Cao Gui Debate) Sometimes in the first person, translated as "I". For example, Qiu Gou thought he could teach and humiliated him, but he was lucky.

(Hanshu Taiwei Shangshumi) (2) Auxiliary words 1. Structural auxiliary words, translated into "de", some may not be translated. Such as: ① Taste the heart of the ancient benevolent people.

("Yueyang Tower") 2 Prisons, large and small, although unobservable, must have feelings. (Cao Gui Debate) 2. Structural auxiliary words, placed between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of sentences and do not translate.

Good medical care is the credit for not getting sick. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") 2 Lotus flowers don't touch when they are alone.

("Ailian said") 3 I attacked Song with Wang Lizhi, similar to this. (Public Loss) 3. Syllable auxiliary words

Used to adjust syllables, meaningless, generally not translated. For example: ① The general drummed (Cao Gui debated) ② For a long time, his eyes seemed to be lost, and he was very idle (Wolf) ③ For a long time (Chen She family) 4. Structural auxiliary words are a sign that the object moves forward.

What's the problem? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? ("Public Loss") 3. The people in the city are unknown. ("Travel Notes of Man Jing") 5. Structural auxiliary words are the sign of attributive postposition.

Such as: ① If you live in a high temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. ("Yueyang Tower") ② Looking north at the Yellow River.

(Hanshu Taiwei Shangshumi) (3) As a verb, it can be translated as "Zhi" and "Zhi". I want the South China Sea, what? Structural auxiliary word (used for learning), translated as "structural auxiliary word"

Such as: ① He led his descendants to bear the burden of three husbands, knocking stones and digging earth (Yugong Yishan); (2) If a person commits a crime and is honest and kind, he should be punished by a teacher (for example); If they can't do it, it will be easy; Otherwise, they will have a hard time (learning); (4) and live in the land of anling fifty miles, only a gentleman. ("Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission") (2) Modal auxiliary words are used after the subject to indicate a pause, and the predicate part generally ends with the word "ye", which plays a judgment role.

Such as: ① Beishan fool, 90 years old (Yugong Yishan); (2) a fool in Zhu Gekongming, he is also from Wolong. (Longzhongdui) is mainly used as a conjunction, which can express the following relations: L. The coordinate relationship is generally not translated, and sometimes it can be translated as "you".

For example: ① review the past and learn new things, and you can learn from Ten Analects of Confucius; Dongpo (the story of the nuclear ship) is a proud man; 2. Inheritance relationship can be translated into "JIU" and "Jie" or not. Such as: ① Bian Que left in anticipation ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") ② Wei Jianting rose to the top, captured and killed the captain ("The Chen She Family") ③ He was defeated by the ring.

The previous "harmony" means to undertake the relationship. "If you get more help, if you lose it, you will get less help." 3. The turning point is translated as "but", "but" and "but".

I don't know the strangeness of the Western Hills. ("Journey to the West") ②.

5. Find a short list of 65 commonly used words in classical Chinese in junior high school (in Shanghai), with meanings, examples and sources.

List of Common Content Words in Classical Chinese of Shanghai Education Edition

Source of serial number example word meaning example

1 tied for ①, close to.

② Contrast with knees.

I have forgotten my neighbor's death.

Mean, short-sighted, carnivorous, failed to make a far-reaching Cao Gui debate.

3 Soldiers ① Weapons, weapons

(2) Soldiers, the army is in the south now, and Jia Bing is enough.

An old river soldier learns to be a model.

Stone beast in the river

Disease (1) disease

(2) Fatigue, hardship, failure and seeking illness.

If you don't serve me, you will be ill for a long time.

The snake catcher said

5 observe, observe and distinguish between large and small prisons. Although you can't observe them, you must be affectionate.

By consulting The Good Way, Chana gave a speech about the debate in Cao Gui.

Chu time scale

Through the sunlight, the small stone pond was recorded on the shadow stone.

7 times (1) riding (chariot)

While, extended to "adventure" and take it.

From the capital by snow, calendar together, to discuss.

Climb Mount Tai

8 Starting from (1), follow

(2) Obey and listen to World War I. Please pay attention to this war.

Small interests are not embarrassing, and the people are also arguing with Cao Gui

Cao Gui on Military Tactics

9 When (1) faces, faces

2 yes, yes.

③ Current

Wait, wait, wait.

⑤ Should

⑥ (dàng) check and balance each other, and renege, not as good as in the past.

When it is divided into north and south parts, it is the ancient Great Wall.

Suggest working with priests in today's world.

The precipice is limited to power, and the world is called Tianmen Cloud.

When the award rate of the three armies, north of the Central Plains.

All that can be caught are hired to climb Mount Tai.

Climb Mount Tai

Chu time scale

The snake catcher said

10 road ① road, road

(2) Ideas, reasons and ideas

(3) Say, talk about

Cut bamboo and take the road, see the pond below.

The late emperor left us before he finished his life's work.

Ask for a good prescription and test your words.

The lack of humanity among outsiders is also a record of Xiaoshitang.

Chu time scale

Chu time scale

the Peach Garden

1 1 get, get, find.

(know, understand)

(see)

Fit, fit

(3) Yes, but it can be used as bait like wax.

Whether it's heaven or not, it's a crimson retort.

To see what the husband can do.

If there is no water in the forest, there will be mountains.

Will make the array harmonious, good and bad.

The snake catcher said, you can't see until you see it.

Climb Mount Tai

The snake catcher said

the Peach Garden

Chu time scale

Huang Sheng's Theory of Borrowing Books

12 butyl ① stable, stable

(2) Jia Bing is enough to pacify the south today.

When the award rate of the three armies, north of the Central Plains.

Chu time scale

Chu time scale

13 felling ① felling

(2) Attack, conquer bamboo and take the road. See Tan Xiao below.

In the spring of ten years, strange stones attacked me in Xiaoshitang.

Cao Gui on Military Tactics

14 commits ① infringement.

(2) Offence

(3) as for the husband, you can get it and make it!

If there really is a criminal and honest and kind person.

Cover the crime of one year old, the dead two how Zhou Yafu army fine willow.

Chu time scale

The snake catcher said

15 square ① square

② Fiona Fang, around.

(3) area, the area is stone black, with more squares and fewer squares.

Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain are 700 miles apart.

Today, the south has been decided and there are plenty of soldiers.

Climb Mount Tai

The?Foolish?Old?Man?Removes?the?Mountains

Chu time scale