The Ming Dingling Mausoleum is the tomb of Zhu Yijun, the emperor of Wanli in Ming Shenzong, along with two empresses of Wanli: a virtuous princess and a filial queen. Filial piety to the Empress Dowager is the biological mother of Emperor Zhu Changluo. Wanli was not loved when she was alive. She only pursues the imperial concubine, not the title of queen. After the registration of Emperor Zhu Youxiao, Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, he mourned Empress Dowager Cixi and was buried with Emperor Wanli.
In A.D. 1950, the archaeological community at that time put forward an archaeological plan to completely solve all the secrets of the Ming Tombs, which was finally approved. It turns out that the excavation target is the largest Ming tomb in the Ming Tombs, which is the burial tomb of the founding emperor and empress Xu of the Ming Dynasty. Because the preliminary work was not smooth, the target was transferred to the Ming Dingling.
1May, 956, the archaeological excavation of Mingding Mausoleum officially began. The archaeological team quickly found the tunnel leading to the underground palace, and in May of 1957, found the King Kong Wall. There is a mysterious trapezoidal opening on the wall. It was through this opening that the archaeological team entered the underground palace of Mingding Mausoleum.
Archaeologists were shocked when they entered the underground palace. The luxury of the mausoleum is unimaginable. I saw the tomb filled with precious calligraphy and painting, colorful tapestries and sparkling jewels. It's like reading open sesame's spell and opening the door to a treasure house full of treasures.
According to statistics, there are more than 3,000 relics of the Ming Dingling Mausoleum, including three coffins, among which the golden crown of Emperor Wanli, the phoenix crown of the queen embedded with pearls and precious stones, and nearly 600 gold and silver products and jewels were found.
However, these cultural relics, such as gold, silver, pearls and precious stones, whose values are known to ordinary people, have been well preserved. Many other organic cultural relics are either damaged by oxidation, discarded artificially or intentionally damaged.
Many silks are damaged first.
467 pieces of clothes and 165 pieces of brocade were unearthed in the Ming Dingling Mausoleum.
It turns out that these clothes, silks and fabrics still maintain bright colors under the environment of low oxygen and constant temperature. But with the entry of fresh air, most of them are oxidized instantly, and the dazzling brilliance disappears instantly, beyond recognition.
After that, the working attitude of some cultural protection personnel also surprised people. Some people suggest pasting silk cloth like an ancient painting and adding preservatives, so that you can appreciate it like a painting. Just do it, and the staff began to paste.
As a result, the cultural security personnel actually pasted the front of the cloth with exquisite patterns inside, but the back was exposed. Asked in time, he even said that the study of fabric structure depends on the opposite side. Awkward.
In fact, the fabric can be pasted, or the front is the main one, and only a small part of the back is exposed, which is convenient for later research. It can be seen that at that time, except for a few archaeologists, the knowledge of cultural protection of grassroots workers was pitiful, and mistakes and omissions were inevitable.
The treatment of robes is even more amazing, and the plastic with softener is directly coated on the clothes that have begun to rot. After a long time, all of them turned black, hardened and could not be unfolded. In the end, you can only make a copy by taking photos and referring to the original that cannot be restored.
Then, it is unlucky to put the coffin of the empress dowager's body.
1959 At the end of September, the Ming Dingling Museum was established. At that time, the person in charge of the museum asked people to clean the underground palace in order to welcome the leaders to visit when the museum opened. The director thinks that all three coffins containing the remains of Empress Dowager Cixi have been copied. The old coffin is unlucky and useless, so just throw it away.
As a result, when it was first unearthed, the golden nanmu coffin with a faint fragrance was chopped down by several employees' axes and became a pair of rotten wood. Subsequently, dozens of guards moved out of the underground palace and threw them into the ravine outside the museum wall.
When people want to find the three coffins thrown into the ravine, they have been picked up by nearby villagers. According to legend, the villagers who found the coffin later died mysteriously.
A.D. 1960, a vigorous movement was launched, and the bones of Emperor Wanli and two empresses were doomed.
Three bones were dragged out of the storage room and thrown into the square in front of the museum. Put together is a whole box of portraits of Empress Dowager Cixi and photos taken during archaeological excavations. Then, in the crowd of onlookers, one slogan after another, a fire, all turned to ashes.
At present, the cultural relics left by the Ming Dingling Mausoleum are only gold, silver, precious stones, jade, porcelain and stone tools that are not easily damaged naturally in the underground palace. Most of the other items have been lost, leaving only copies.
Originally, the Ming Dingling Mausoleum was a rare treasure house for studying the history of the Ming Dynasty, but for various reasons, it left more regrets. Therefore, the Ming Dingling Archaeology has become the biggest tragedy in the archaeological history.
However, the only thing that is fortunate is that after the major setbacks in the archaeology of the Ming Dingling Mausoleum, the state stopped the archaeological excavation of other emperors' tombs in time and set the principle of not actively excavating. Only in this way can we protect more historical heritage from destruction. This is also a blessing in misfortune.