Ordinary precious metal jewelry will have a formal logo, so it is very simple to identify silver jewelry: just look at the inconspicuous places of silver jewelry for steel seals (such as the inside of the ring, the joint of the necklace, the bottom of the pendant, etc.). );
Silver ornaments have the following steel seals.
1: pure silver: there is a sign of "S925" or "Ag925" (the former is a little more), indicating that the metal contains 92.5% silver. This is the most common symbol, the most common jewelry silver on the market, and it is also generally sold (don't get me wrong! ) common signs.
2. Full silver: there is a sign of "S990" or "Au990" (the latter is a little more), which means that the metal contains 99% silver (quite pure! )。 This sign is mostly used in silver ingots, silver ingots, silver ornaments and other large pieces of silver ornaments.
3. Silver plating: the steel seal with "SL" or "FS" indicates that this kind of jewelry is silver plated, and its value need not be said by me!
4. There is no steel seal: it is probably ordinary metal.
The following is the information on the Internet:
(1) Check the hardness
The higher the fineness of silver jewelry, the softer the texture and the whiter and smoother the surface. Take a silver bracelet of about 60 grams as an example. If you pull it by hand, it will open and have no elasticity, and the color is about 95%. If it is a little elastic, the color is about 80%-90%; If the elasticity is large, the fineness is below 70%.
(2) Look at stubble
Cut or fold silver ornaments to see the color of stubble. If the jewelry is soft, the stubble is thick and soft, slightly red, and the color is about 95%; If you bend hard by hand, the stubble is white gray or reddish, and the color is about 90%; If the hardness is large, the stubble is reddish, yellowish white or light gray, and the color is about 80%; If it is a hard bend, the stubble is reddish, yellowish, khaki and other colors, and the color is about 70%; If the stubble is red, medium and black or yellow, the color is below 60%.
(3) Silver smear test
Grind the silver ornaments on the touchstone (the same as gold inspection) and coat them with silver medicine (silver medicine is a soft mixture of silver powder and mercury), so that the color of silver medicine will be high if it is hung more, but it will be low if it is hung less, and those without silver medicine will be fakes.
(4) color identification method
Distinguish its color and authenticity with vision. High color, white, delicate, shiny, jewelry printed with manufacturers, store numbers and other signs; Low color, yellow color and rough workmanship; The fake silver jewelry is dark and not bright.
(5) Bending method
Pinch with fingers, soft and elastic, high color, easy to bend, not easy to break; The quality of the bend is hard, or barely moving, and some can't even move their fingers; The bending of silver plating or a few strokes with a hammer will crack; Fake ones can't stand bending and break easily.
(6) Throwing method
High-quality silver jewelry is relatively heavy, so it doesn't jump high when thrown on the table, and it has the sound of "poop"; Fake or poor quality is relatively light, and it bounces high when thrown on the table, making a crisp sound.
(7) Nitric acid identification method
Drop nitric acid on the file mouth of silver jewelry with a glass rod, and the dark color is brown rice, dark green or light green; Light colors are dark green or even black.
In addition, when buying silver jewelry, we should also choose the quality from the following four aspects:
(1) Look at welding. Some silver ornaments are welded, so it depends on whether the welding is clean and tidy, whether there is false welding or open welding.
(2) Look at the brightness. It requires pure electroplating color and strong brightness.
(3) Look at the veneer. Firm and upright.
(4) look at the claws. It depends on whether the claws have burrs, prick hands and scratch clothes. It is convenient to wear. This paper introduces several tips to distinguish silver jewelry: 1, color discrimination method: observe high-quality silver jewelry with eyes, it looks white, shiny and fine in workmanship, and the store number is printed on the jewelry; Most of the color difference, poor color and dullness are fake silver ornaments.
2, bending method: gently fold the silver jewelry by hand, easy to bend and not easy to break color; Stiff, barely folded colors are lower; Silver-plated jewelry will crack if it is bent or knocked a few times with a hammer; Those that can't stand a light discount and are easy to break are fakes.
3. Throw method: throw the silver jewelry on the table from top to bottom, and the silver jewelry with low rebound and smooth sound is of high quality; High-pitched, shrill voice silver jewelry thrown on the table, which is fake or of low quality.
4. Nitric acid identification method: use a glass rod to drop nitric acid on the file mouth of silver jewelry, which is brown rice color and slightly green. Dark green and black are light colors. How to maintain silver jewelry?
Many friends like sterling silver ornaments, but they don't know how to maintain them. In fact, we only need to spend some time in our daily life to make silver ornaments last as long as new.
1, the best way to maintain silver jewelry is to wear it every day, because human oil can produce a natural and moist luster.
2. Don't wear other precious metal jewelry when wearing silver jewelry to avoid collision, deformation or wear.
Keep the silver ornaments dry, don't wear them to swim, and don't go near hot springs and seawater. When not in use, you can gently wipe the surface with cotton cloth or paper towel to remove moisture and dirt, and put it in a sealed bag or box to avoid contact with air.
If the silver ornaments show signs of yellowing, the easiest way is to gently wash the surface with toothpaste and some water. Or use a small jewelry brush to clean up the fine seams of the silver ornaments, and then gently wipe the surface with a silver cloth, and the original aesthetic feeling of the ornaments can be restored immediately. (If the silver cloth can restore about 80% to 90% of silver, don't use silver lotion and silver washing water, because they are corrosive to some extent, and silver ornaments are more likely to turn yellow after using these products. In addition, silver cloth contains silver maintenance ingredients and cannot be washed with water)
5. The silverware is seriously yellowed, so it should not be soaked in silver washing water for too long, usually in a few seconds. Rinse with clear water immediately after taking it out, and then dry it with a paper towel.
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Common surface treatment methods of silver jewelry
The easy oxidation of silver is its weakness, and it is also a headache for consumers and producers. At present, the common silver surface treatment methods in the domestic market are further oxidation, electroplating and untreated.
Whether it is further oxidized or untreated, the characteristics of silver oxidation blackening are fully utilized. Using oxidants to deepen the oxidation of the silver surface, or using the natural oxidation of the silver surface to produce richer colors and mechanism effects in silver jewelry, so that the defects are not concealed, is a method of exerting strength.
The real way to prevent the surface oxidation of silver jewelry is electroplating. At present, the commonly used methods are silver plating, rhodium plating, palladium plating and so on.
The silver jewelry produced by European goldsmiths mainly adopts deep oxidation treatment and sandblasting electroplating treatment.
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Common knowledge of silver jewelry maintenance
Many people like silver ornaments, but they don't know how to maintain them. They even think that silver ornaments are difficult to maintain, which is not the case. The chemical properties of silver are not as stable as platinum and gold, and it is often oxidized to black or yellow by water or other chemicals in the air, losing its luster. After understanding this feature, we only need to spend a little thought in our daily life to make the silver ornaments we wear last as long as new.
When wearing silver jewelry, don't wear other precious metal jewelry at the same time to avoid collision, deformation or wear. Keep the silver ornaments dry, don't swim in them, and don't go near hot springs and seawater.
After each wear, you can gently wipe the surface with cotton cloth or paper towel to remove moisture and dirt, and then put it in a sealed bag to avoid contact with air.
The best way to maintain silver jewelry is to wear it every day, because human oil can produce a natural and moist luster.
Contains exquisite three-dimensional silver ornaments made into sculptures to avoid deliberate polishing.
If you find that the silver ornaments are yellow, you should first clean up the thin seams of the silver ornaments with a small jewelry brush, and then gently wipe the surface with a silver cloth to restore the original silvery white and brightness.
I suggest that if the silver cloth can recover about 80% silver, there is no need to use silver lotion and silver washing water, because these products are corrosive to some extent, and silver ornaments are more likely to turn yellow after using these products. Silver wipes contain silver maintenance ingredients and cannot be washed.
If you don't handle and collect the silver jewelry after wearing it, it is very likely that the silver jewelry will turn black. At this time, you should use a small jewelry brush to clean the fine seams of jewelry, then drop a drop of silver emulsion on the paper towel to wipe off the black oxide on the surface of jewelry, and then use a silver cloth to restore the original brightness of jewelry. After that, you should remember to do the daily general maintenance to prevent the silver ornaments from turning black again. It is difficult to rub the silver ornaments white after many times of blackening.
These are some basic considerations. Here is a detailed introduction to the maintenance methods of electroplated and unplated silver ornaments:
First of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether there is electroplating (silver ornaments are generally divided into electroplating and non-electroplating):
There are electroplated silver ornaments, that is, the inner layer is pure silver, and the surface is being treated with current; Electroplating is generally divided into electrogold and platinum; The way to identify electroplating is that its surface is brighter than pure silver, just like a mirror, which has good reflective effect and is not easy to oxidize (the oxidation time depends on the thickness of electroplating). Electroless silver ornaments are easy to lose their luster due to vulcanization (sulfur dioxide in the air reacts with silver to form a layer of silver sulfide on the silver ornaments, just like apples will slowly turn black after being cut).
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The simple treatment of electroplating silver ornaments is as follows:
1. Go to the nearby Chinese medicine shop or drugstore to buy a pack of alum first;
2. Boil the silver jewelry you are wearing with 10:: alum 1 water (water must be boiled);
3. Take out the silver ornaments and put them in cold water. Use a soft brush (such as a toothbrush) dipped in toothpaste or laundry detergent or salad for cleaning.
4, blow dry with a hair dryer, and then wipe it with suede until it is as bright as new.
The types of electroplated silver ornaments that can be processed above are:
A. Necklace (thick or thin)
B. pendants
C. rings (with or without gems)
D. Bracelets, bracelets (both thick and thin)
E. silver ornaments are inlaid with plastic or something.
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The simple treatment of electroless silver jewelry is as follows:
(Remarks: Silver jewelry with restrictions in the following methods: a. Silver jewelry inlaid with plastic and the like; B. Vulcanization: When buying silver ornaments, there are black parts on the silver ornaments, such as totem patterns and black inscriptions. )
1. Bake silver ornaments with fire (lighter is enough) to destroy their surface structure. The baking time depends on the size and thickness of the silver jewelry.
2. After cooling, put it in alum water to boil, take out the silver ornaments after boiling, put it in cold water and dip it in toothpaste, laundry detergent or salad with a soft brush (such as toothbrush) for cleaning;
3. Blow dry with a hair dryer, and finally polish with silver cloth or silver powder, showing the true color of pure silver;
When dealing with the above-mentioned electroless silver jewelry, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, fine necklaces or fine silverware should not stay in the same position for too long when they are "over-fired";
2. After the silver ornaments and gems are "overheated", they cannot be directly immersed in cold water, so they must be naturally cooled, otherwise the gems will be easily broken;
3, fine silver jewelry can be cleaned with an iron brush, and the effect is better (only fine silver jewelry can be cleaned with an iron brush);
4. You can wipe the jewelry with silver cloth or silver powder for routine maintenance. If your jewelry can't be wiped with silver cloth or silver powder, you can use the above method (if you can't wipe with silver cloth or silver powder, it means that you have been maintaining it for too long! ) Never wash water or paste with silver. It's just a way to brighten jewelry temporarily with chemicals. Liquid medicine is harmful to human body, and the effect is worse every time. Hurt silver ornaments like peeling apples.
In addition, there is a little trick to brighten the silver ornaments, which is put forward here for your reference: if you want to brighten the newly bought silver ornaments and avoid blackening, you can apply a thin layer of transparent nail polish on their surfaces, and then apply it again every ten days. If you want to remove nail polish, you can soak it in banana oil and then wash it with water.