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When were peppers, grapes, cotton, tobacco, corn, sweet potatoes and potatoes introduced to China?
As we all know, peppers, grapes, cotton, tobacco, corn, pomegranate, sweet potatoes, potatoes and tomatoes are all imported, but few people can tell when they were introduced into China.

1. Pepper is native to tropical areas of Central and South America. /kloc-At the end of 0/5, Columbus brought pepper back to Europe after discovering America, and pepper also spread to other parts of the world.

Pepper was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty. There is a record about pepper in Chen Qingzi's Spectacle. Nowadays, it is widely planted in all parts of China and has become a popular vegetable.

2. "Historical Records Biography of Dawan" contains: Pu Tao is about 10,000 wines, vulgar and addicted to alcohol, and horses are addicted to alfalfa. Han made the letter true, so the son of heaven began to plant alfalfa and clay fertile fields. Maddox, foreign envoys came, and I left the palace to watch and try my best to plant peach and alfalfa. "History of the Han Dynasty: Biography of the Western Regions" contains: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent more than ten generations to seek wonders in the western regions of Wanxi, and conquered the power of Wanxi because of the imperial edict of the wind. /kloc-about 0/0 years old, Shan Feng and Han sent two horses to Tianma, and Han sent them back. The son of heaven took a large number of horses and foreign envoys, planted Pu Tao's eyes, and stayed away from the museum. The Book of Qi Yao Min contains: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to Dawan, took Pu Shitao and planted it next to the Palace Museum. When Zhang Qian, the envoy of the Han Dynasty to the Western Regions, introduced grape seeds to the mainland, we can find a conclusion from his experience of communicating with the Western Regions in Biography of Dawan in Historical Records. In 138 BC, Zhang Qian was ordered to lead more than 100 people to Dayue. When passing through Longxi, he was detained by Xiongnu 10 for more than 0 years, and then fled to Dawan and Kangju with his followers and arrived at Dayue's home. In BC 128, he tried to return to China through Zhong Qiang (now Qinghai) and was detained by the Huns. When I returned to Chang 'an in BC 126, only two people were left.

In this case, it is unlikely to introduce grapes and alfalfa. In BC 1 19, Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions for the second time, and sent Han to Dawan and other countries. At this time, grapes can be introduced from Dawan. Therefore, the starting time of grape introduction and cultivation in Chinese mainland should not be earlier than 1 19 BC.

3. Cotton cultivation first appeared in indus valley civilization in 5-4 thousand BC. At least before 2000, cotton fibers were used as textile raw materials in Guangxi, Yunnan and Xinjiang. But in the Central Plains, people only regarded cotton as an ornamental plant at first, and did not realize its economic value. Suleiman, a famous Arab traveler in the 9th century, recorded in his Travels of Suleiman that the cotton seen in Beijing today is still regarded as the "flower" in the garden. "Biography of Liang Shu Gaochang" records that "the grass is as real as a cocoon, and the silk in the cocoon is as thin as a cocoon, which is called a white pile." It can be seen that cotton, an important raw material in today's textile industry, was originally regarded as flowers and plants.

In the history of cotton planting in China, four cultivated varieties have been planted: island cotton (long-staple cotton), Asian cotton (coarse-staple cotton), upland cotton (fine-staple cotton) and grass cotton (coarse-staple cotton). In different historical periods, the main cultivated varieties in China are also different. Asian cotton has the longest introduction history, the longest planting time and a wide planting area. Upland cotton was introduced into China for a short time, but it developed rapidly, replacing Asian cotton in 1950s. At present, most of the cotton planted in the vast cotton areas is upland cotton (fine wool cotton), and a small amount of island cotton (long wool cotton) is also planted in Xinjiang.

Speaking of tobacco, it seems that everyone, old and young, knows it. In fact, for most countries, tobacco is an exotic product, not a local product, and it is not ancient. Apart from Indians, smoking has become a hobby, but it has only a history of more than 400 years. Tobacco belongs to the genus Nicotiana of Solanaceae, with more than 50 species. The most cultivated variety is safflower, followed by yellow flower. Tobacco has many aliases. Yue Zhi called it octagonal, also called Coss; Baihuajing calls it acacia grass; "Hehan Medical Examination" calls it Nanman grass, also called evergreen grass and resurrection grass.

The origin of tobacco is in Ecuador and its vicinity in Latin America, and its range may start from Mexico in the north, Bolivia in the south and Venezuela in the east. Tobacco spread quickly, 1565 from France to Germany, and then to Russia, Japan, Britain, Indonesia, India and the Philippines. /kloc-after the 0/7th century, the wind of smoking spread all over the world. Tobacco was introduced to China from Luzon Island to Xiamen in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573- 1620), so it was called Luzon Tobacco at that time. The earliest planting was in Zhangzhou. However, some people think that it was introduced into Taiwan Province Province first, and then into Zhangzhou and Quanzhou.

5. The original name of maize is maize, and there are many common names in various places, including Fanmai, Yumai, Corn, Baogu, Lu Bao, Pengzi and pearl rice. There is also called Liugu (also written as _ Valley or Deer Valley), which means another kind of valley besides five grains.

Corn is native to America. Some people talk about corn according to Jia Ming's Diet Notes in the Yuan Dynasty (around 1367), and the Commercial Grain Bureau in the Yuan Dynasty (a specialized institution for the imperial court to manage the diet in the Yuan Dynasty) has royal wheat flour, thinking that there was corn in China in the Yuan Dynasty. This statement may not be correct. The so-called royal wheat flour is just the best wheat flour used by autocratic emperors. The part about corn in the Dietary Guide is probably added by later generations, which is not very reliable. For a long time, corn has been the main food crop of Native Americans. There are many stories about corn, and a large number of ancient corn seeds and corn gods made of gold, soil and corn ears have been excavated underground. In the history of other countries, until the fifteenth century, no country had any records or signs about corn. So you can say that. It was after Columbus discovered America in 1492 that corn spread to the countries of the old world.

According to local chronicles and county records of various provinces, corn was first introduced to China in Guangxi at the time of 153 1 year, less than 40 years after Columbus discovered America. By the end of the Ming Dynasty (1643), it had spread to ten provinces including Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. There are Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Although it is not recorded in the local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty, there are other documents that prove that corn was planted in the Ming Dynasty. During the fifty years of the early Qing Dynasty, until the end of the seventeenth century (that is, the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi), there were more records about corn in the local chronicles of Liaoning, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces than in the Ming Dynasty. After 170 1 year, there were more records of maize, and by 17 18, Taiwan Province Province and Guizhou Province were added. According to records, in less than 200 years from 153 1 to 17 18, corn has spread all over 20 provinces in China.

6. Pomegranate originated in Persia (now Iran) and was introduced to China in the second century BC. At the time of Anshi, Wan Li paid tribute to Liu Hua. I gave it to Heyuan because I was rubbed by Han. According to Zhang Hua's Natural History in Jin Dynasty, when Han and Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, they got pomegranate seeds from Anshi in Tulin, hence the name "An Pomegranate".

In 1 19 BC, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and came to Anshi. At that time, there was a drought in Anshi country, thousands of miles of bare land, crops were yellow, and even pomegranate trees in the imperial garden died. So, Zhang Qian told them about the experience of building water conservancy projects in the Han Dynasty, which saved a batch of crops and pomegranate trees. That year, pomegranate flowers were particularly red and the fruit was particularly large. When Zhang Qian returned home, King Anshi gave him many gold, silver and jewels, but he didn't want them. He only collected some pomegranate seeds and took them back as souvenirs. Since then, pomegranate, which evolved from the ruby of Lishan Mountain, began to settle and multiply at the foot of Shanglinyuan and Lishan Mountain in Chang 'an, becoming the pomegranate in Lintong today.

Pomegranate seeds from Zhang Qian were introduced to the mainland via the Silk Road, and were first planted in Shanglinyuan and Lishan Hot Spring Palace in Chang 'an, the imperial capital at that time. According to Yu Yuan, commander-in-chief of Shanglin in Han Dynasty, there were 3,000 kinds of exotic flowers and herbs planted in Shanglin Garden at that time, including pomegranate 10. Loved by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he later ordered pomegranate planting in Lishan Hot Spring Palace.

7. In what year was sweet potato introduced to China? There have been many general statements before. However, from the works of Guo Moruo, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress of China, president of China Academy of Sciences, a famous great writer and historian, we can know that the time when sweet potato was confirmed to enter China was 1593. Guo Moruo, then known as a national treasure, wrote a poem specially for sweet potatoes at 1963, which was recently reprinted by relevant newspapers. "Manjianghong commemorates the 370th anniversary of the introduction of sweet potato into China": I love sweet potato. When I was a child, I often filled in food. It was introduced to China by Luzon in the late Ming Dynasty. 370 years is very short, with a total output of more than one billion. A season's harvest can reach half a year's grain, which is super millet. Origin, North America and South America; Importer, overseas Chinese power. Chen Zhenlong is a native of Fujian. I tried to sail in the rattan basket and went back to Fujian to work hard. Who knows this feat when compared with Shennong? Forty-five years ago, Master Guo Moruo's praise of sweet potato was not only an epic ode to sweet potato and its importer Chen Zhenlong, but also a summary of the rapid planting and great contribution of sweet potato in all parts of the country after it was introduced to China. 1593 is exactly the second year after Columbus discovery of america (1492). According to local historical records in China, sweet potato varieties entered China on 1593. However, according to the local historical data of China, it is 1593 to enter China.

8. Potato is a common name for potato. Potatoes originated in South America and have a history of four or five thousand years. At that time, the Incas not only ate potatoes, but also used them as medicine.

Today, potatoes are grown in 130 countries out of more than 60 countries in the world. Potatoes in China are also imported from foreign countries, but it has become one of the favorite diets of our people.

When potatoes were introduced into China is still inconclusive. There are various opinions: the first one thinks that potato was introduced to China in16th century, but it became a food crop very late; The second view is that potatoes were introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty in the17th century. The third view is that the year when potato was introduced into China has not been determined, but it was recorded in the county annals of Songxi County, Fujian Province 1700 years ago. That is to say, potatoes were introduced into China before 1700. According to the fourth opinion, potatoes were introduced to Europe in the16th century, and to China in the17th century. It was first cultivated in North China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and other places, and later extended to Inner Mongolia. The fifth view is that held by American scholar Deshi Perkins, who believes that the time when potatoes were introduced into China was determined by the time when Europeans discovered the American and Pacific islands. Potatoes were introduced to China in the17th century, and reached the coast of Fujian via the Philippine Islands, where they were first planted. The sixth opinion is that the potato was introduced to China before Xu Guangqi, because the potato was recorded in the annals of agriculture written by Xu Guangqi (1562 1633). In the twenty-eighth volume of Agricultural Records, a passage was recorded: Yu Tu, a potato, a yellow poison. Creeping leaves are like beans and roots are as round as eggs. There is no doubt that potatoes were introduced before 1633. More precisely, potatoes were introduced into China before 1628, which was widely known and planted, because 1628 was the approximate time when Agricultural Policy was published.

9. Tomatoes were introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty. It has been used as an ornamental plant for a long time. Qunfangpu, written in 162 1, contains: Fan Shi, June persimmon, with stems like Artemisia, four or five feet high, leaves like Artemisia, flowers like pomegranate, one bearing 534 fruits and one bearing 20 or 30 fruits. Binding, the most impressive. It comes from Xifan, hence its name.

It was not until the eighteenth century that some people ventured to eat tomatoes that they knew their edible value. According to legend, a French painter saw that tomatoes were so attractive that he had the idea of tasting them, but he didn't have the courage to eat them. But for the sake of future generations, he got up the courage, risked poisoning to death, ate one, and lay in bed waiting for death. But after a long time, he didn't feel any discomfort, so he continued to eat, only feeling that there was a sweet and sour taste and his body was still intact.

In the late Qing Dynasty, people in China began to eat tomatoes. Nowadays, many people have delicious food on their dining tables.