Chaoshan belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with mild climate throughout the year, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period and high water temperature, which is conducive to the growth of aquatic organisms in marine and freshwater areas and rich aquatic resources. It is known that there are 47/kloc-0 species of fish, 7 species of crab/kloc-0, more than 30 species of shellfish, nearly 20 species of algae and 40 species of aquatic animals such as fish in the freshwater area.
Soft-shelled turtle, Sangtian plaster crab, squirrel crab, scallop, oyster, Blattella australis, red sand bladder, shell, clam, red inner, mullet, Monopterus albus, eel, grass carp, scattered fish, scale fish, catfish, grouper, carp, dragon arrow, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, carp, etc.
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Sangtian high shoes
Crustacean seafood. The scientific name is Scylla serrata, which belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea and Polypodiaceae.
Sangtian Plaster Crab (also known as Sangtian Red Crab) is produced in Sangtian Township, Hexi Town, Chaoyang City.
The blue crab has a carapace, eyes with handles and five pairs of feet. The front pair of 1 grows into pliers called "pincers", and the back four pairs are walking feet. The front and knuckles of the fourth pair of walking feet are flat and paddle-shaped. Abdominal segmentation, commonly known as "umbilical cord", is divided into round umbilical cord and pointed umbilical cord. Sangtian people are good at fishing and breeding cream crabs. The crab pond is built near the mouth of Rongjiang River, with moderate water temperature and salinity, gentle tidal current, excellent water quality and rich bait, which is suitable for the growth of cream crabs. The blue crabs caught in the sea are all selected and graded. Female crabs with mature ovaries and weighing more than 200 grams after mating are used as fry and put into crab ponds for breeding. After careful feeding and management for about 20 days, they will grow into cream crabs. At this time, the crab paste (ovary) has expanded and filled the edge of the shell. The crab back is reddish brown, and each crab weighs about 500 grams, so it can be harvested and marketed.
Sangtian Plaster Crab is famous for its creamy red meat and fat, sweet and delicious, and rich in protein.
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thank you
Fresh water and salty fresh water produce crabs. That is, river crab, formerly known as stone crab. Crustacea, Decapoda, Percidae. Inhabit by streams or under rocks in streams. There are many similar species, and about 50 species have been found in China.
Eriocheir tenuipes and Eriocheir serrata are common in Chaoshan. They are relatively small in size, slightly raised in the back of the head and breastplate, with a pair of humps behind the forehead, wrinkles or particles in front, concave legs, clear ridges and small serrations at the front edge. Haimen port in Chaoyang City, Laiwu Bay in Chenghai City and Huanggang Estuary in Raoping County are more common in salty and fresh water areas. Especially after the rainstorm, fishermen sometimes fish offshore.
After pickled and seasoned with soy sauce, pepper, garlic and monosodium glutamate, crabs can be eaten, which is the favorite food for Chaoshan people. However, crabs are intermediate hosts of human paragonimiasis. In order to protect health, it is best to cook before eating.
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Fanbei
Marine bivalve shellfish. Belonging to the scallop petal gill net. Named after the fan-shaped cooling ribs on the surface of the double shell. Chlamys farreri is a common species distributed along the coast of Shantou. The shell of Chlamys farreri is nearly round, the left shell is convex, the right shell is flat, and the shell color is red, orange and purple. There are radial ribs with equal thickness on the surface of the shell, and the ribs have sections; There are slightly triangular ears at the hinge line, and the front ear is larger than the back ear. The internal ligament is developed, the foot silk hole is obvious, and there are fine comb teeth. The inner surface of the housing has ribs and grooves corresponding to the surface of the housing, and the hinge line is straight. It grows on the bottom of the sea near the low tide line, with a depth of 300 meters, and adheres to rocks or coral reefs with gentle water flow, as well as sandy and sandy sea areas with silk feet. The bottom trawl in Shantou has been caught, but the quantity is small. Scallop is the main high-grade cultured species at home and abroad. At present, the cultured species in China are Chlamys farreri, Chlamys farreri, Japanese scallop, imported bay scallop and scallop.
The adductor muscle of scallop is well developed, and the dried adductor muscle is called "scallop", which is a precious seafood with high economic value. Its shell can be used as a shell carving handicraft.
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Dahao
Shellfish seafood. Also known as aquatic oyster, it belongs to gill net and oyster tree. There are many species, about 20 of which are found in China.
There are three kinds of aquaculture in Chaoshan coastal areas, namely, near-river oyster, long oyster and pleated oyster. It is a kind of live seafood with high protein and nutrition.
The nickname "undersea milk". The cultivation of big oysters is usually: they are thrown on the beach evenly and orderly during the long summer to Xiaoman and beginning of autumn seasons.
Rows of stones are placed as attachments, and oyster seedlings come with the water at high tide and attach to the stones to reproduce; Low tide and high tide, exposed and re-soaked.
Patrol frequently, arrange oyster stones, eliminate enemy damage, and harvest in autumn and winter.
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Blattella australis
Shellfish seafood, the scientific name of Tegillarca granosa, belongs to Nematoda, Lamellibranchia. Meat tastes delicious. Shells can be used as medicine, which has the effect of "removing blood stasis and eliminating food stagnation", and can also be used for firing shell ash or as raw materials for ceramic industry. Besides the red sand mussel, the most delicious mud clam in Chaoshan is the pearl mussel in Da 'ao. The ancestors of Taiwanese and Australians came from Putian, Fujian Province, which is rich in mud clams. They have been raising mussels for generations and have rich experience. The cultured granola is small and round, with red shell and delicious meat. Since Shanghai became a commercial port in the Qing Dynasty, Taiwanese and Australians have been transporting mud clams to Shanghai for sale, and diners and restaurants are vying for them. They were called pearl mussels, but they were renamed pearl mussels. Pearl mussels in Thailand and Australia are beautiful in appearance and high in quality, and their eating methods are also exquisite in Chaoshan. It is baked with new tiles on a small charcoal stove, and then the clams are placed on the tiles. When heated, it opens its mouth slightly, so it can eat and chew with relish.
Every spring, Blattella australis lays eggs, drifts to the shore with the waves and adheres to the muddy beach. Australopithecus Australopithecus scraped the mud on the shore mixed with salty and fresh water in time, scooped up the mud, washed out the larvae and fed them in a small field. Around the "winter solstice", they were moved to the midfield. In the winter of the following year, the big ones were selected and listed, and the small ones moved to the enlarged fields, and the next year they became big ones.
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Red worm
Shellfish aquatic products, scientific name Tegillarca, belong to Labiatae. The two shells are equal in size, thick and oval, with Huarong-shaped radiation edges on the shell surface, thin brown skin and white inside. Clam meat contains a lot of protein and vitamin B 12. The blood of Meretrix meretrix is bright red, and there is a gold thread on the edge of the meat.
It was named after Chixiapu, which was produced in Gangbei Village, heqing town, Chaoyang City. Chishapu is located on the west bank of the middle reaches of Haojiang River. Its surface is covered with red micro-sand, and there is a layer of white sand under the beach. Under the white sand layer, there is fresh water and salt tide. The turtle made is fresh, sweet, tender and crisp, which is a good product of Chaoshan turtles. Best-selling neighboring provinces and cities, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other places.
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shell
Thin shell, scientific name muscle clam. Shellfish seafood is named for its thin shell.
It lives in the tidal flat of the outer bay or island with high salinity, likes to gather in groups, often sticks together in pieces, and attaches to the sediment with feet (commonly known as spindles). When mature, the female is orange and the male is milky white. There are two kinds of wild and artificial stocking. Chaoshan pioneered thin-shell culture. Its meat is delicious and rich in protein. In fact, the thin shell is full of treasures.
Thin-shelled rice is delicious, which is a food seasoning with Chaoshan characteristics and has high nutritional and economic value.
Thin shells without meat can be burned into shell ash and used as building materials; It can also be ground into animal feed additive, which is an advanced auxiliary feed.
The soup used for processing thin-shelled rice can be filtered to make oyster sauce. Mud is an organic fertilizer rich in calcium and high salinity.
It is reported that it is increasingly difficult to find excellent technicians because of the high technical content and labor intensity of thin-shell rice processing. I hope this ancient and peculiar processing technology can be improved and carried forward, so that the Chaoshan delicious food with thin shell Mitte can be fragrant at home and abroad!
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Flower clam
Shellfish seafood, also known as clam, is scientifically called Philippine clam.
Living at the bottom of sediments in the coastal intertidal zone, it can adapt to seawater with a temperature of 5-35℃ and a specific gravity of1.01-1.028. The sowing season is 65438+ 10 to July of the following year. The seedling of Meretrix meretrix with a shell length of 0.5-0.7 cm per mu is1500-2,000 kg, which can be cultivated for about 18 months, and the shell length can reach more than 4 cm, so it can be harvested. Generally, the yield per mu is 3 tons, with a maximum of 8 tons.
This meat is delicious and nutritious.
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Spotted fish
Freshwater fish, scientific name snakehead, snakehead family.
The body is slightly cylindrical, the top of the head is slightly flat, the mouth is big, the teeth are pointed, the dorsal fin and gluteal fin are long, the ventral fin is short, the pectoral fin is short and round, the caudal fin is round, the back side of the body is grayish brown or dark brown, with black markings, and the abdomen is pale white. Habitat in the bottom of fresh water, fierce, carnivorous, staple food fish and shrimp.
Strong adaptability to the environment, with an auxiliary respirator in the mouth, which can breathe air directly and resist hypoxia. The spawning period is May-July. The parent fish stirred the aquatic plants into a ring-shaped nest, laid eggs in it, and guarded them until the hatched larvae were still inseparable.
Fast growth, delicious meat, few bone spurs, rich nutrition, good tonic and high economic value. There are ponds, reservoirs, rivers and ponds in Chaoshan. Fresh grouper can be exported.
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Guli
Freshwater fish, scientific name carp, Cyprinidae.
The body is slightly flat, the abdomen is round, the front and back of dorsal fin are slightly raised, the mouth has two pairs of whiskers, the body is bluish yellow, the lower leaves of caudal fin are red, and the scales are large. Live in fresh water
Bottom layer, omnivorous, rapid growth, strong adaptability to the environment, cold and high temperature tolerance, hypoxia tolerance. 1 age gonads mature, and spawn and reproduce around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year.
It is the main variety of fish culture in ponds, reservoirs, rivers, ponds and rice fields. The output is high, and the annual output of Chaoshan is about 3000 tons. Average weight 150g.
You can eat it. The meat is tender, with few bone spurs and high nutritional value.
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Arowana
Marine fish, commonly known as red melon, have scientific names of large yellow croaker, stone fish and large yellow croaker. It is one of the four products in China. The side of the body length is flat, slightly oval, the back of the body is grayish yellow, the center of the scale is grayish brown, and the scales below the lateral line have developed luminous glands and are golden yellow, so it is called yellow croaker. Adult fish are generally 40-50 cm long. It is a warm-water pelagic fish, which likes strong light, turbid water, gregarious and has a wide range of feeding habits. Very sensitive to sound, you can use the telescopic vibration of the swim bladder in the body to make sound. Fishermen often use this to find fish. South Australia, Shantou Port, Guang 'ao, Haimen and Huilai are all offshore production, and the annual flood season is September-165438+ 10.
Arowana has high economic value, tender meat, protein 17.6% and fat 0.8%, and it tastes delicious. Its swim bladder, named Jinlong Jiaozi, is rich in protein, fat, bone glue, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other ingredients, and is a high-grade sea treasure and tonic. In Chaoshan, people often stew pork belly with Jinlong glue as a tonic for lying-in women.
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Yellow finch fish
Marine fish, also known as sparrow, is scientifically called yellow crucian carp. Carassius auratus. The body is flat and thin, with round scales on the back and easy to fall off. Turquoise back, one side of the body
Silver white, white ventral fin, yellow tip, other fins are golden yellow. The average body length is 14- 16 cm, and the longest is 20 cm. For warm-water offshore fish,
Fish schools have obvious characteristics of sinking by day and floating by night. The upper, middle and lower water layers are habitats and feed on plankton. Chaoshan coastal production is to sweep lotus,
The main fishing targets are lotus mixing and small purse seine in shallow water and offshore. There is a yellowbird lotus who works to catch yellowbirds. The fishing season is from February to March every year.
The yellowbird fish is small and thin, with many bone spurs, but it is delicious. Processed into "fish rice" or fried is extremely delicious. It can also be pickled, dried and exported to other places.
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Balang fish
Marine fish, Perciformes, spindle-shaped, slightly flat on the side, covered with small round scales, and the straight part of the lateral line is covered with prismatic scales. The back is blue-gray and the abdomen is silvery white. The adult fish is generally 20 cm long and is a warm pelagic fish. Marriage groups migrate to the offshore, which has obvious habits of spawning and feeding, and has the characteristics of vertical movement in the water layer day and night. With strong phototaxis, it is the main fishing target of light purse seine and motor boat trawl.
Adult fish spawn in batches in the middle and late spring (March-May) every year, and the hatched young fish migrate in groups around bays, islands and rocks in summer (May-August) to find bait for food, which is the fishing target for shallow sea operations.
It can be caught all year round, with spring flood in March-May and autumn flood in August-65438+10. It is a bulk product of Chaoshan marine fishing, with an annual catch of 20,000 tons. Balang fish is rich in protein and delicious. Wash fresh Balang fish and steam it in a bamboo basket, commonly known as "fish rice", which is a favorite accompaniment for urban and rural people in Chaoshan.
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Deer fish
Marine fish is a general term for all kinds of fish, such as woolly fish, filamentous fish, forktail fish, yellow-finned fish, green-finned fish and so on. It belongs to Scolopendra, Scolopendra, Scolopendra and Scolopendra. Warm water pelagic fish.
The body is oval, flat on the side, covered with small scales, the first dorsal fin is a conical thick spine, and the ventral fin degenerates into a short spine. The water depth of 5-60m is distributed in this sea area, with a wide fishing ground and a long flood season. The Chaoshan coastal area can be fished almost all year round, and February-April and September-65438+10 are trawling seasons every year. The peak season of shallow sea operation is June-August.
Common deer are white-skinned deer (Flammulina velutipes), black-skinned deer (silk deer) and old pig deer (yellow-breasted turtle). In addition, there are deer women (one-horned bream) and three-legged deer (triangle bream). White-skinned deer and pig elder brother deer are big heads.
Roe deer fish is a kind of marine economic fish with low fat and high protein. Freshly cooked, delicious, with cartilage and dry bone spurs in the meat. After drying, it is made into dry or light dry products and exported to other places.
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Sole fish
Common economic fish in the South China Sea, also known as dragon tongue fish, scientific name dragon tongue fish, scientific name tongue sole. Solenidae, Solenidae, Cynoglossus. The side of the body is flat and tongue-shaped, with two eyes.
Left, mouth small, low. The dorsal fin and the anal fin are connected with the caudal fin, and there is no pectoral fin. The sides of the body are covered with small scales. Fish eggs have symmetrical eyes, float and live, and turn right after metamorphosis.
When the eyes move to the left, the adult fish turn to benthic life, and the staple food is brown shrimp, amphipoda and polychaete.
Widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters, there are many kinds. It is a common fish species for bottom trawling and gill netting. Compared with economic value
Tongue sole with Gao Dakuan body is generally 24-3 1 cm long, with tender meat and no bone spurs between the meat. It contains protein 18.8% and fat 13.3%, and the meat is delicious. It is one of the seafood products that earn foreign exchange through export.
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icefish
Small fish are found in both seawater and fresh water. Herpes, whitebait, whitebait. Living in fresh water and coastal upper waters, I have the habit of swimming back from the ocean. The body is slender, scaleless and translucent. The front is nearly cylindrical, the back is flat, the head is flat, the eyes are big, the kiss is long and sharp, triangular, the upper and lower jaws are the same length, and the bones are soft. Cooked products are as white as silver, so they are called whitebait. Feeding on small crustaceans.
Chaoshan coastal inner bay is prolific, but the quantity is very small and the price is very high. It is famous for its red-tailed whitebait, which is produced at the mouth of the Han River in Chenghai. It is the fishing target of fixed net and beach purse seine. Fish don't need to be opened, they can be cooked after washing and eaten all over the body. Whitebait dried in the sun is delicious and is a good gift. Overseas Chinese are regarded as local specialties and often take them abroad.
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Xia Long
Crustacean seafood is the largest rare shrimp.
Maximum 3-4 kg. It is a warm-water marine shrimp, which likes to live in shallow sea rocks with a water depth of 5- 10 meters. It is good at crawling on the bottom of the sea, but not good at swimming. It moves slowly, lurks during the day and looks for food at night. It is one of the fishing species of gill net.
With certain resources, the output is not high. South Australia, Raoping, Chaoyang, Huilai and other coastal areas also occur from time to time. Common species are China lobster and ripple lobster. Big and fleshy, containing protein 16.4%, fat 1.8%, and myosin, actin and methylamine related to muscle contraction. Delicious, it has always been a delicacy at banquets.
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downward slope
Crustacean seafood, also known as mussel shrimp, is scientifically called hairy fan shrimp. Crustacea, DECAPODA. The head and chest are flat, flat, wide and round, with serrated sides and a comparative abdomen.
Short, segmented, with a thin petal-shaped tail, it is named after the shape of the pipa. The motor organs are underdeveloped, so they can only crawl slowly on the bottom of the sea, using the flexion and extension of the abdomen.
Can swim a short distance.
They usually live at the bottom of the sea at a depth of 50-150m, and are only distributed in warm waters.
Fishermen in Chaoshan often use tractors to bring harvest, but they have few resources and low output. The meat is tender and tastes as good as lobster. This is a good banquet and one of the exported seafood.
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Gu Xia
Crustacean seafood, also known as mantis shrimp, is called Gu Xia. Arthropods, Crustacea, Gastropoda, Shrimp. The back and abdomen are slightly flat, and the chest has 8 pairs of appendages. The first five pairs are jaw limbs, aligned with the mouth, used to catch food, so they are called stomatopod.
The eyes have stalks and 8 ridges on the back. Living at the bottom of sand and mud or between rocks in offshore warm water. Lurking during the day and crawling for food at night. There are the most species in the South China Sea, and more than 60 species have been found, the largest of which is 33 cm long. It is produced in Chaoshan coastal area.
There are not many shrimp trawls, trawls and gill nets. Meat and mature ovaries are delicious and can be fried. Fresh shrimps are washed, pickled with salt and soy sauce, and seasoned with pepper and garlic, which is one of the famous snacks in Chaoshan.
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Ring snail
Shellfish seafood, the scientific name is Simplex, Mollusca, Gastropoda. There are spiral layers, each layer has a protruding shoulder angle, the front tube is long and slightly curved, the spiral center is long and the shell surface is brown. I like to live on the seabed with high salinity and lay eggs in July-August every year.
Trawls along the Chaoshan coast are fished from time to time, but there are few resources and little gains. It is rich in nutrition and is a precious seafood at the banquet. Available for export. Fishermen often use their shells as their numbers, and their voices are loud and clear, so they are called rattlesnakes.
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Peng Cai
Seaweed and seafood. The scientific name Porphyra belongs to the original Rhodophyta network, Rhodophyta class. This is a kind of wide-temperature seaweed. China's coastal areas are distributed from south to north, and most of them grow on the rough offshore rocks in the north, east or northeast. Seaweed is thin film, rich in protein and vitamins, and delicious. People in China have been eating laver for a long time. According to "Compendium of Materia Medica", it is indicated that "it is mainly used to treat heat annoyance" and "for scabies and lumps, it is advisable to eat laver regularly ...". It has certain curative effect on preventing and treating hypertension, goiter, chronic pharyngitis and tuberculosis, and has high economic value.
Pengcai is a kind of laver, which is wild in Nanpeng Islands and Lemen Islands, including Porphyra rotundifolia and Porphyra rugosa on cliffs and reefs in the sea. Because the two islands are located at the junction of the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the cold and warm air flows blend, the temperature is suitable, the trend is stable, the water quality is excellent and there is no pollution. The produced laver is brown-black or brown-green, with thin, tender and crisp slices and fresh, sweet and delicious taste, so it is called Pengcai. Life history is divided into two stages: filiform and leaflike. After the water temperature gradually increased in early April, fruit spores were released from the mature fruit sporangium at the edge of the bacteria, and the bacteria gradually rotted. Fruit spores have the ability to dissolve calcium carbonate, and when they meet calcareous rocks, they go in and grow into filaments to spend the summer. At the beginning of 10, the water temperature gradually decreased, and conchospores were produced by filaments, which were released and attached to rocks. It takes about 40 days to grow into a thallus, and it can be harvested many times. Every winter, fishermen in South Australia will climb to the rocks by the sea to harvest and clean them, make them into pieces with a diameter of about 25 cm and a thickness of about 0.6 cm, and dry them to make commercial laver.