Chemical composition: a complex silicate. Because the main minerals that make up garnet are composed of various metal elements, it can emit various colors. Therefore, the name garnet is not just the name of a gem, but the general name of seven kinds of garnet.
Generally known as garnet, it refers to the ore with dark red, intense red, occasionally purple and close to black.
Rod Garnet: Its composition belongs to the intermediate between Arumandelt Garnet and Perot Garnet, and some people call it' Perot Arumandelt'. There are mainly blood red, brown red and purple red. Its hue is brighter than that of aruman Dette Garnet.
Manganese aluminum garnet: the main colors are orange red, purple red and brown red.
Groxiu Ralet Garnet: It belongs to the most varied garnet family and has a beautiful red series. There are also translucent green minerals, which are similar in color to jadeite and have an indescribable aesthetic feeling.
Andrade Garnet: It is a transparent ore containing chromium. The one that emits green light is called' Dimantyid', which is of high value in garnet because it is rare. Others are yellow, gray and black.
Leucite: Because it contains chromium, it can emit beautiful green light and will not be sold as a commodity because the grain is too small.
Garnet Garnet is bright rose red, similar in color to ruby, but darker than ruby, and mostly dark red and purple in color, so it is called "purple crow's nest" in the gem world, which means deep ruby or purple ruby. This name is also an ancient name in China's gem names, which has continued to this day.
Emerald garnet is andradite, and its commercial name is "Garnet". In nature, it is rare to find garnet larger than 4 carats, and the value of high-quality garnet can be tied with sapphire. There is also a green calcium-aluminum garnet containing iron, the trade name of which is "tea lying stone", which is also an advanced variety of garnet gems. In addition, there is a green translucent garnet, which can be comparable to jadeite after polishing, and is called African jadeite. Garnet gems can also produce starlight effect if they are properly processed. Starlight is cross-shaped starlight, commonly known as "four lines".
The word purple crow is said to have been transliterated from Persian. The ebony of the purple crow has a long history. A large number of purple crows and black necklaces have been unearthed in Egyptian tombs. This gem was decorated in China as early as before the Ming Dynasty. What is the red color of this gem in Gegu Yaolun in Ming Dynasty? Quot The color is as red as pomegranate meat, and it is called "pomegranate seed".
Garnet gemstones are produced in many countries and regions. In China, except for the high-quality garnet and hematite garnet produced at the junction of Donghai and Xinyi in Jiangsu, others are generally intermediate gems.
Garnet is the birthstone of January, representing chastity, friendship and loyalty. It is also a gem for the seventeenth wedding anniversary.
The crystal of garnet gem is sometimes very large, and the key to the technological requirements lies in color and transparency. For example, the colors of red varieties are arranged as blood red, pure red, thick red, pink and yellow red. The treated color shall prevail. However, a few high-quality garnets can still compete with rubies. When processing, the processing size should be determined according to the color depth, and the size of the grinding die with dark color should be appropriately reduced, which will increase the phase reaction. There is no need to consider the directionality of orientation when processing, and garnet requires positive color and moderate shade. Among them, garnet requires thick and transparent color, and bright color is better. High quality garnet is like emeralds.
At present, garnet gems found in China are garnet (garnet), garnet (garnet), garnet (garnet), garnet (garnet) and garnet (garnet and Altai emerald).
February birthstone amethyst
Crystal is the most common, common and oldest gem, and its mineral name is Yingshi.
Chemical composition: silica. The crystal belongs to hexagonal system, transparent, and the fracture is shell-shaped. Crystals are often hexagonal prisms, and there are also beautiful clusters, which are themselves natural handicrafts. Because crystals contain different pigments or impurities, their colors often change.
According to its characteristics, crystals can be generally divided into: colorless, transparent, clean and bright, without cotton impurities is the best.
Amethyst: Grape purple, light purple, transparent, bright color, clean and flawless are the best.
Topaz: golden yellow, light yellow, yellow, orange yellow, bright and bright, bright and flawless.
Tea crystal: it is also a cigarette crystal. Brown, a two-tone color, is often used as glasses. Uniform color, no cotton, bright and clean is preferred.
Ink crystal: black ink, light color is mostly used for glasses.
Hair crystal, bristle crystal: all kinds of crystals are available. The body contains needle-like inclusions as thin as hair or mane. Colorless, brown and other light-colored crystals, easy to observe. The inclusions are gold, white, black, brown and brown. Transparent, bright colors and bright crystals are all good.
Crystal has been known as "water jade" and "water essence" since ancient times, and has been frozen into water essence for thousands of years. There is a poem that says, "Wild monks in the West Lake boast of storing ice, but half of them turn into true water essence." The English name of crystal comes from Krystallos in Greece, which means "transparent ice".
Colorless and transparent crystal, clear as ice, made the ancients regard crystal as ice or ice as crystal. Miao, a native of A Jin, told an interesting story in the book "Three Auxiliary Imperial Maps": "Take the jade crystal as a plate and store ice in front of your knees. Jade crystal and ice are clean. The waiter said that ice without a plate would melt the mat, but after brushing, the jade plate fell to the ground and the ice was broken? Quot Colorless crystal is also a gem for the 15th wedding anniversary.
Purple crystal, amethyst for short. Known as the "king of crystals". The English name comes from the Greek name Amethystos, which has the joy of "wine" because the color is like wine. This study shows that the reason is that iron hydroxide forms a "color center" in the crystal. High quality amethyst is dark purple.
Amethyst, "color like grapes, bright and lovely". It has been treasured since ancient times. In Japan, purple has been regarded as a noble color since ancient times. People regard amethyst as "the stone of honesty". It is the birthstone in February, symbolizing honesty and peace of mind, and it is a commemorative gem for the seventeenth wedding anniversary.
Topaz, which is as deep as gold and bright and dazzling, is also loved by people. People regard topaz as "the stone of friendship", which together with topaz is the birthstone of November, symbolizing sincere friendship and fraternity.
Crystals containing inclusions were often regarded as "rare treasures" in ancient times and were greatly appreciated. Some crystals have a large package of water visible to the naked eye, which is called water bile crystals. Crystal with strong phosphorescence, commonly known as "the night pearl".
There are many crystal producing areas in China, and almost all provinces have output. There is a saying that "the south is white and the north is black". "Gegu Yaolun" said: "The south crystal is white, the north crystal is black, and the Xinzhou crystal is turbid." According to legend, the amethyst in Wutai Mountain is good, characterized by large size and bright colors. At present, there are many producing areas of amethyst in China, but the amethyst in Donghai, Xinyi and Jinzhai in Anhui Province is the most colorful.
March birthstone aquamarine
Diamond aquamarine, emerald, emerald, the mineral name is beryl.
Chemical composition: beryllium aluminum silicate. Beryl, hexagonal system, is often hexagonal column, with longitudinal stripes on the cylinder and perfect cleavage on the bottom.
The biggest feature of beryl gem is its low relative density, and some of it can have cat's eye effect after processing. The cat's eye effect appears because beryl contains tubular wrapping holes parallel to the C axis. When the vertical C axis is processed into a curved gem, it is aquamarine Opal.
Aquamarine: Aquamarine is named after beryl containing Fe2+, and it is sky blue to sea blue. China's gem industry is also called blue crystal. Legend has it that this beautiful gem is produced at the bottom of the sea, but seawater is the essence. Therefore, navigators used it to pray for Poseidon's navigation safety and called it the "lucky stone". It is also regarded as "the birthstone of March", symbolizing "calmness and courage? Quot "Happy and long life".
Aquamarine is mainly produced in Brazil, the former Soviet Union, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and Zimbabwe. Aquamarine, aquamarine opal and emerald are produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Hubei provinces. Among them, products from Xinjiang and Yunnan are the best.
Emeralds belonging to beryl include colorless emeralds, blue emeralds, golden emeralds and rose emeralds, purple emeralds, pink emeralds and pink emeralds.
April birthstone diamond
Diamonds, also known as Jin Gangzuan, are called "Kunwu Stone" in ancient times, and are collectively referred to as diamonds internationally.
Chemical composition: it is the crystal of elemental carbon. Equiaxial crystal system, diamond luster. Transparent and fragile. Black diamonds are opaque. Diamonds are colorless, and there are light blue, light yellow, brown, Rayna Sue and so on.
Although the chemical composition of diamond and graphite is the same, they are quite different because of their different crystal structures. Diamonds are not only hard, but also resistant to high temperature and strong insulation, and are not afraid of corrosion by strong acid and alkali. According to the determination, the hardness of diamond is 150 times higher than that of ruby and 1000 times higher than that of crystal.
Diamond means "the hardest" in Arabic. According to legend, in the first century BC, the Greek astronomer Menelius first called diamonds Adamax, which means "powerful and invincible".
Due to the physical characteristics of diamonds, exquisite polishing and beautiful styles, diamonds have dazzling light and gorgeous rainbows, which are loved by the world. Quot the king of gems. After diamond exposure, it can emit light blue phosphorescence at night, which was called "the luminous pearl" in ancient China.
Diamonds are the birthstone of April, symbolizing chastity and purity, and are also jewelry for the 75th wedding anniversary. Therefore, the 75th wedding anniversary was named Diamond Wedding.
Diamonds are the most precious varieties of precious stones, and the price of high-quality large-particle diamonds can reach tens of thousands of dollars per carat or even more.
In China, the name of diamond was first found in Buddhist scriptures, and its meaning is related to gold. The Tripitaka Buddhism says: "The word' King Kong' (Sanskrit) is King Kong, and this treasure comes from gold." The Jin Dynasty's "Residential Notes" also has "Xianning for three years, King Kong sent Dunhuang, and gold was born, so there is no need to look for treasures. You can cut jade and produce Tianzhu. " "Tianzhu" is India today. It is said that diamonds were found in India in 2000 BC. At present, many famous diamonds in the world, such as Mountain of Light, Regent, orlov and Florence, all come from India.
Diamonds and precious stones are colorless, transparent and pure, but they are extremely rare. Diamonds often have cotton wool impurities, small stripes and small black spots, which affect their quality. There are four criteria for countries to evaluate diamonds: weight, color, cleanliness and polishing type. Because these four standard English words all start with C, they are called four "C" standards. If a diamond does not meet any of the four criteria, it will directly affect its value. For example, the quality of grinding can directly affect half the price. Good grinding leads to "fire" on every polished surface, and grinding incomplete flash is not a good grinder. There are various ways to polish diamonds, but what about the shape of diamonds? Quot The most ideal style of Fire is 57 sides, which is called 57 turns. The top surface is octagonal, the inclined surface is triangular and rhombic, and there are 33 surfaces, called crown surface or top surface, which is the upper part of the diamond. The lower part is triangular and diamond-shaped, and the cone and the bottom intersect at one point, with 24 faces, which are called pavilions or bases. The dividing line between the crown and the pavilion forms the crown angle and the pavilion angle, which are 34 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees and 45 degrees respectively. However, there are also small differences in the crown angle and pavilion angle of diamond shapes in different countries. Diamond-shaped style, each facet should be polished when polishing, so that white light can fully penetrate, which has a good dispersion effect and shows the dazzling brilliance of diamonds.
Diamonds are precious mainly because they are rare, and the heavy ones are even rarer. Generally, diamonds over 5 carats are big diamonds.
The best diamonds are colorless. Because the color of diamonds is extremely clean, it gives people a feeling of white in crystal purity, and white is also often used to compare the color grades of diamonds, so white is often used to describe diamonds. Such as: blue and white, silvery white, ordinary white, etc. The most common diamond colors are white, light yellow, and sometimes blue, pink, green, purple, golden yellow and so on. Diamonds with these "special colors" are rare, so they are all treasures in diamonds.
The largest diamond in the world is called Cullinan, weighing 30 16 carats. After cutting and grinding, the largest diamond named "African Star" was given to the British royal family. 1977, a diamond weighing 158.786 carats was found in Linshu, Shandong, China, and it was named "Chang Lin Diamond". Medium? Quot rich and beautiful things, outstanding people. "In recent years, China geologists have discovered diamond mines in Wafangdian, Liaoning and Taoyuan, Hunan. Diamonds have been found in Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Jilin, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Tibet and other provinces.
Who is the largest diamond producer in the world? Have you read the script, dear? Xiu hello? Kan Kan? Hey? BR> In addition, India, Indonesia, the former Soviet Union, South America, Australia, etc.
May birthstone emerald
Emerald, aquamarine and emerald are beryl.
Chemical composition: beryllium aluminum silicate. Beryl, hexagonal system, is often hexagonal column, with longitudinal stripes on the cylinder and perfect cleavage on the bottom.
The biggest feature of beryl gem is its low relative density, and some of it can have cat's eye effect after processing. The cat's eye effect appears because beryl contains tubular wrapping holes parallel to the C axis. When the vertical C axis is processed into a curved gem, it is aquamarine Opal.
When beryl contains chromium trioxide, it is emerald green, which is called emerald. Emerald is a gemstone name transliterated from ancient Persia, which has ancient names such as "helping not to stab" and "emerald". Emerald is inferior to all emeralds because of its unique emerald green. Therefore, since ancient times, it has been precious, beautiful and intoxicating, enjoying the "emerald" among bright gems. Quot's reputation.
"Natural History" records: "Modena countries in the west produce emeralds as dark green as parrot feathers." "The emeralds produced after returning to China are light green and yellowish, such as the color of new willows, with rabbit hair patterns inside." Ancient emperors regarded jadeite as a rare treasure. The crown of the British Empire and the crown of England and the kings of England are inlaid with a large number of beautiful and precious emeralds. The golden silk quilt of Empress Dowager Cixi was decorated with two emeralds weighing five dollars (about 80 carats) in addition to a lot of jewels.
People regard emeralds as the birthstone of May, symbolizing a happy wife, and also as a gem gift for the 55th wedding anniversary.
Emerald is mainly produced in the former Soviet Union, Colombia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Brazil, Peru and other countries. At present, emerald has not been found in China.
Emeralds belonging to beryl include colorless emeralds, blue emeralds, golden emeralds and rose emeralds, purple emeralds, pink emeralds and pink emeralds.
June Birthstone Pearl, Metamorphic Rock, Moonstone
Metamorphic rock is a kind of emerald containing chromium, also known as emerald, which is green in the sun and red in the white woven lamp. The poet called it "the emerald by day, the ruby by night". According to legend, Tsar II of Russia wore a crown inlaid with metamorphic rocks at his birthday party, so he was named Alexandrite.
Moonstone is the most valuable variety among feldspar gems. Because it can emit a faint blue halo, it is named Moonstone just like the hazy moonlight. The poet praised "green light is as light as autumn moon, who believes that cool colors cast stones"? People think that wearing moonstone can bring good luck. Indians regard the moonstone as a "sacred stone", which is the gem of their thirteenth wedding anniversary. It is listed as the birthday stone in June, with variable stones and pearls, indicating health and longevity.
July birthstone ruby
The mineral name of ruby and sapphire is corundum. Red is called ruby, starlight is called starlight gem (six rays), and other colors belong to sapphire. Ruby and sapphire are world-wide names.
Chemical composition: alumina. Hexagonal crystal system, the crystal is often barrel-shaped, conical, plate-shaped or disc-shaped, with various colors, transparent to translucent or opaque.
The best ruby is blood red, specifically called "pigeon blood red", which is a rare treasure. Sometimes it is more expensive than diamonds of the same weight, followed by pomegranate seed red.
Among all kinds of precious stones, ruby and sapphire are precious varieties. Because they are second only to diamonds in value and hardness and belong to the same mineral, they are called "sister gems".
Abroad, ruby represents noble and fiery love and is considered as the birthstone of July.
In ancient China, ruby was called "Hongya Valley"; Sapphire is the "elegant valley". In the international market, rubies and sapphires with different shades are called "male stones" and "female stones".
Ruby is red because it contains chromium ions. When some impurities in a ruby are arranged regularly, under the irradiation of light, it can reflect charming and beautiful six-ray starlight, commonly known as six lines. This kind of ruby is called starlight gem, and it can also be called Hongbao Six Line or Rose Line. Ruby with this characteristic can show starlight effect after processing, and high-quality star ruby is as scarce as high-quality transparent ruby.
Generally, rubies are transparent and beautiful in color. Most of them are polygonal gems, while the star ruby with starlight characteristics is polished into an ordinary arc gem (waist circle). According to the appearance characteristics, color, crack and size, gems are considered to be round, rectangular, heart-shaped or olive-pointed.
At present, the world-famous ruby is produced in Myanmar, which is known as the "Gem Kingdom". 84 ruby buttons weighing 1 1 carat on the Iranian crown were produced here. Ruby is also produced in Berlin, Cambodia, and the word Berlin means gem in Cambodian. Sri Lanka also produces rubies, which are famous for their star rubies. Ratnabra is a world-famous gem city. There are also countries such as Thailand and Pakistan that also produce rubies.
August birthstone olivine
Olivine is also called olivine in mineralogy, but it is mainly expensive olivine that can be used as a gem.
Chemical composition: silicate of magnesium and iron. Oblique crystal system, the crystals are mostly granular. Grease or glass luster, fragile, conchoidal fracture. The colors of olivine are yellow-green, grass green, olive green, golden yellow and so on. The higher the iron content, the darker the color. Zulu and other colors are the best.
In foreign countries, olivine is also one of the ancient gems. It is said that the ancient Egyptians in BC decorated with olivine. The ancient church in Cologne, Germany, is inlaid with high-quality olivine gems. At present, olivine is also a common and largest-selling gem in the international market.
In China, olivine is a beautiful gem with moderate price. Colorful, pleasing to the eye, deeply loved by people, known as the "stone of happiness." It is the birthstone of August, which indicates the happiness and harmony of husband and wife.
All over the world, many countries produce olivine gemstones. Such as: the United States, Myanmar, etc. In recent years, gem-grade olivine has also been found in Wanquan County, Hebei Province and Fuxin, Liaoning Province, with beautiful dark green, yellow-green and golden green. It is said that gem-grade olivine has also been found in meteorites, which is called "the jewel in the sky".
September birthstone sapphire
The mineral name of ruby and sapphire is corundum. Red is called ruby, starlight is called starlight gem (six rays), and other colors belong to sapphire. Ruby and sapphire are world-wide names.
Chemical composition: alumina. Hexagonal crystal system, the crystal is often barrel-shaped, conical, plate-shaped or disc-shaped, with various colors, transparent to translucent or opaque.
Sapphire's unique deep and mysterious blue, calm and clear, deeply attracts people's hearts. However, in sapphire, there are many other colors besides blue, and any color has charm that cannot be abandoned.
There are also various sapphires among sapphires. Such as white sapphire, emerald sapphire, yellow sapphire, green sapphire, sky blue sapphire and purple sapphire. Are the sapphires of the above colors "white" in turn? Quot, Oriental Emerald, Oriental Topaz, Oriental Olivine, Oriental Aquamarine and Oriental Amethyst.
Sapphire is a variety of shades of blue. In foreign countries, the best color of sapphire is called "cornflower blue". In the gem industry of China, a bright and rich blue is called "Ocean Blue" or "Ocean Blue". Another kind of "drip blue" is also a good product.
Sapphire is produced in more places than ruby. Famous producing areas are India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Australia. Tunchang and Wenchang in Hainan Province, China, Changle in Shandong Province, Liuhe in Jiangsu Province and Taiwan Province Province are all producing areas of sapphire.
October birthstone opal
Opal belongs to opal in mineralogy.
Chemical composition: hydrous silica. Amorphous, mostly in block or grape shape, bell-shaped output. Fragile as glass, conchoidal fracture, luster discoloration effect. The so-called color-changing effect refers to: when rotating a gem, with the different irradiation directions of the light source, colorful flashes appear, which is called color-changing because of its rapid change. Opal gemstones are translucent to slightly transparent. The basic color (or background color) is black, milky white, light blue, orange, etc.
Opal gemstones are the most brilliant and beautiful gemstones with very smooth appearance, and their magnificent and changeable colors are amazing. Generally speaking, the color of gemstones is related to pigment ions or chemical impurities. For example, the color of sapphire is related to iron ions, but the color and color change of opal are caused by the structural characteristics of opal. Opal is composed of water-containing silica spheres with regular gaps between them, which acts as a grating for light, thus making opal look colorful.
The word opal comes from the Sanskrit word "Bawangthorn", which means gem. In Europe, opal is considered as a symbol of luck. The ancient Romans called them Cupid Boys, symbolizing hope and purity. China and Japan also like Opal gems very much, but some Western Europeans don't like it and think Opal's changeable colors are unlucky.
Opal has been loved by our people since ancient times. Tao, a writer in the Yuan Dynasty, called it "the house is simple and blue" in the Record of Dropping Farms, which is today's opal. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, opal was called white gem, pearl, mountain cloud and colored stone, and together with other gems, it was a palace treasure.
The charming colors of opal gems are like colorful dreams, giving people magical reverie. People think that opal is the birthstone of October and a symbol of hope and happiness.
The gem world generally divides beautiful opal gems into three types according to their primary colors:
Black opal, because of its black background color, has become more gorgeous and eye-catching, and has become a valuable variety among opal gems. In addition to black, the background color of black opal is dark green, dark blue, dark gray and brown, with black being the best. In the south, it is called "Black Mountain Cloud" or "Flash Mountain Cloud". Due to the deep background color, the reflections of various colors are more magnificent. Black opal is produced in the famous Australian producing area "Lightning Ridge". This kind of opal has the highest value, weighing 3 carats, and the price per carat is 200- 1500 USD. The one weighing 5 carats is the top grade, and the price per carat is as high as 30 thousand dollars.
White opal is a kind of precious opal with transparent colorless or milky white background. There are blue, green, red, monochrome and bicolor. The color of the gem is like a rainbow in the silvery white sky. White opal has transparent background, bright color change and high quality. According to the performance characteristics of white opal color, there are also high and low points. It is the most famous one made in Mexico, commonly known as "Moxi" in Japan, and "Bai Mo West" for those that are colorless and transparent.
Fire opal, the background color is orange red, orange yellow, light yellow, and the color changes are diverse. White opal and fire opal are intermediate gems.
Opal gemstones have different color-changing effects and different values because of different background colors.
Color-changing characteristics: the flake Xing Cai effect is better, and the bigger the color film, the better; However, the discoloration effect of stars and filaments is much worse.
Types of color change: the effect of two-color or multi-color change (called seven colors) is more valuable than single color change.
Color changing range: No matter how you move the gem, you can see that the color changing person is the best product, otherwise it will directly affect the value of the gem.
In addition, the background color also has a direct impact on the color change. White opal and fire opal are not as good as black opal because the contrast between background color and color is not strong. Just like fireworks, they must be set off after dark, not during the day.
When polishing gems, we must pay attention to the choice of color-changing orientation. If you choose it well, you can achieve the best color change effect. Therefore, the shape should be taken according to the material, and the color change effect cannot be affected by the style. Opal often cracks, so we should not only remove cracks, but also pay attention to the discoloration effect when polishing.
Opal gems are gorgeous and charming, but they are very delicate. Because of its brittleness and light weight, you must be careful when polishing, not only pay attention to the direction of color change, but also pay attention to the weight, because opal is calculated in carats. When polishing, special attention should be paid to the fact that gems must not crack due to overheating, and baking and exposure are also prohibited.
Opal gemstones are mainly produced in Lightning Ridge in northern South Wales, Australia. In addition, Mexico and Honduras also have opal production.
The processing style of opal gemstones is better with irregular plane and flat surface, which is not suitable for grinding gemstones. There are no specific rules according to the material forming.
November birthstone topaz (topaz)
The mineralogical name of topaz is also called Topaz, and it is also called "Topaz" in the gem circle of China.
Chemical composition: it is a silicate containing aluminum, fluorine and hydroxyl. Oblique crystal system, crystal plane development, cylinder and double cone, clear output. Cylinders have longitudinal stripes. Cleavage complete. The cleavage of the bottom surface at one end of the crystal has an octagonal cross section. Transparent to translucent. Glass luster. Colors are yellow, blue, pink, light green, orange and colorless.
Topaz is an English translation, which originated from Zabajad Island in the Red Sea, also known as Topajos, which means "hard to find". Because this island is often shrouded in fog, it is not easy to be found, so it is named. Here, topaz should be separated from the traditional name topaz, namely topaz and topaz, namely topaz. Topaz has become a precious gem since ancient times because of its high hardness and bright color. However, due to the more production of topaz and the fact that topaz can be confused with truth, the reputation of topaz has been affected. But those natural wine yellow varieties, especially the sky blue varieties, are still valuable gems. Thick yellow, similar in color to yellow rice wine, was called "wine topaz" in ancient China, and "oriental topaz" or "Brazilian topaz" abroad, which is the best variety of topaz.
Topaz is the birthstone of 1 1 month, and it is also the jewelry for the wedding16th anniversary. Wearing it symbolizes friendship and happiness.
Topaz is mainly used to process various faceted gems, and beautiful and complete crystals are more favored by collectors or museums.
Topaz can change its color by heat treatment or light radiation, making its color effect more gorgeous and ideal. At present, pink topaz, which is common in foreign markets, turns orange or brown after heat treatment. The light blue topaz is irradiated by cobalt -60, and its color is darker and brighter.
The topaz products in Taishan County, Guangdong Province, China have become exquisite sky blue after treatment, and have jumped into the international market. The world-famous topaz is produced in Brazil, the United States and the former Soviet Union. Topaz, common in South China, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places, is colorless.
December birthstone zircon turquoise lapis lazuli
Zircon is a mineral name, which used to be called zircon and hyacinthus orientalis, and transparent zircon gem.
Chemical composition: zirconium silicate
Tetragonal crystal system, mostly tetragonal column and tetragonal bipyramid. Transparent to translucent. Most of the crystals with complete crystallization are "high type"; Those with poor or no crystals are "low type".
The colors of zircon are red, orange, reddish brown, yellow, green, blue and colorless. I usually use colorless, blue and red varieties. High dispersibility and diamond luster.
Zircon contains uranium (U) and thorium (Th) without radioactive elements. But the content is very low, far below the safety factor. So you can wear zircon jewelry with confidence.
Zircon is a kind of gem with special properties. High refractive index, strong dispersion, colorless or light blue varieties have diamond-like strong fire after processing. Because of its similar appearance to diamonds, it is known as a gem comparable to diamonds.
As early as in ancient Greece, this beautiful gem has been loved by people. According to legend, among the twelve kinds of precious stones worn by Jewish bishops, zircon is called "Xia Xinsi". It is said that the alias of zircon "Hyacinth Stone" comes from "Xia Xinsi" and is popular in Japan, Hongkong and China.
Zircon originated from the Arabic meaning of Zhu and gold. In ancient India, zircon was called "eclipse stone". This also shows that the color of this gem is common in red, golden yellow and colorless. On the other hand, zircon was very popular in ancient Arabia, Persia and India.
As we all know, many things can be denatured after heat treatment, and so can zircon. If the low-type zircon is heated to a certain degree, it will become a colorless and transparent crystal. For example, zircon in Sri Lanka is mostly green and low-type. After heat treatment, the color becomes obviously lighter and becomes a high-type zircon gem. Red and brown zircon produced in Hainan Province, China, can become colorless after heat treatment.
Zircon, turquoise and lapis lazuli are listed as December birthstones in the gem world, which symbolize victory and good luck and are the guarantee of success.
Some red or brownish red zircon in China can be directly ground into beautiful gems without discoloration treatment. However, it should be noted that China's red low zircon is also a kind of gem with strong dichroism. If red zircon is red when viewed from one direction, it is pale or almost colorless when viewed from another direction. Therefore, when processing, it must be ground in a certain direction, so that the front of the ground mold will appear red.
The famous producing areas of zircon are Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Zircon produced in Yunnan, China generally needs heating to change color.
Symbol of mysterious birthday gem
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