The visigoths who arrived on the Danube in 376 AD wanted to cross the river in order to avoid the fierce flames of the Hungarians. The total number of people suitable for combat years was no less than 200,000. They stood on the riverbank, shouting to the sky, reaching out for help, and sincerely asking for permission to cross the river to avoid catastrophe. They believe that only the turbulent Danube and the powerful Roman Empire can stop the Hungarian attack and make themselves safe. They applied to enter the Roman Empire, and in order to repay this kindness, they were willing to be loyal to the Roman Empire forever.
The news that the Goths asked for refuge immediately inspired the Emperor Vallans of the Roman Empire at that time, and borrowed the Goths to form an army. The reason is not difficult to understand: Romans who are addicted to happiness are increasingly reluctant to join the army. Although the rich are extravagant, the poor are also willing to experience the "bread and circus" provided by the imperial government for free. Military service has changed from a patriotic duty of Roman citizens to hard labor that they should try their best to avoid: some rich people are no longer willing to serve in the army, "others run around and are branded as slaves after being arrested", and as time goes by, the number of Italian citizens in the Roman standing army has gradually decreased, "from 65% in Augustus' time to less than 12. Because barbarians are mostly militant, "for them, defending the empire is far better than invading the empire." This is also a means of "controlling foreign countries with foreign countries". "As early as the 4th century AD, before the wave of" great ethnic migration "came," thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of Germans had entered the Roman Empire ","lived in border provinces in the name of "allies" and obtained cultivated land on the condition of military service, or "moved to sparsely populated or deserted areas" and became migrant farmers.
Statue of the commander of the western Roman army, Sterico.
In 395, after the death of Diodo Xi, the last emperor of Rome, the throne of East and West Rome was ruled by his two sons respectively. His youngest son, Honorius, inherited the Western Roman Empire. "Honorius's seemingly gentle and tolerant temper is actually as incompetent as his brother. He often thinks that his ability is tried and tested, but in fact he is stubborn and stupid. The new emperor overreached himself and tore up the peace treaty signed with the Visigoths. The capriciousness of the empire completely angered the barbarians. They originally wanted to share the glory of the Romans, but in the end they hated the Romans to repay their contempt and decided to replace them.
In the autumn of 400 AD, Hungarian riders appeared in Thrace and Macedonia. Alaric, the leader of the Visigoths, knew that he was no match for the Hungarians. The following year, the visigoths crossed the Alps and entered Italy. Roman authorities were surprised several times a day. The imperial capital was nominally in Rome, but in fact it was in Milan and Lavaine for a while. As the capital, the huge empire had no safe place. In order to defend Italy, the commander-in-chief of the western Roman army and the descendant of the Vandals (a branch of Germanic) had to be driven back to the border to station troops. The fortress on the Rhine was abandoned, and even the legion guarding Hadrian's Great Wall on the British island was recalled, and when the army was lost, "the provinces of the Roman Empire should try their best to defend themselves."
Of course, this is unrealistic. How does an empty plan defend against the enemy? After the Roman army retreated, barbarians poured in. "Often a Germanic tribe has just settled in a certain area of the empire, and other Germanic tribes will follow." The Rhine, a barrier that once existed between the barbarian world and the Roman world for hundreds of years, completely collapsed; Unprotected Gaul, a rich Roman province, fell at the feet of barbarians. The total number of Germans entering West Rome is not large. It is generally believed that they only account for about 5% of the local residents, but they are like nobody's business. It took Vandals less than two years to reach the Pyrenees from the Rhine without fighting with Roman soldiers.
Although its overseas provinces almost fell, the Western Roman Empire, which retreated to Italy, was still dying. In Bologna and Verona, the barbarian commander of the Roman army, Sterico, twice defeated alaric, the barbarian leader of the Visigoths, who was forced to withdraw from Italy. However, the comedy of victory turned into the tragedy of infighting. In 408, the fatuous emperor killed Sterico on charges of collaboration with the enemy. "This man was probably the kindest of many rulers at that time." His death caused 30,000 barbarian soldiers in the Roman army to flee to alaric, so that the Visigoths could never be stopped. Alaric's army blocked the Tiber River and cut off the food supply in Africa. Without bloodshed and fighting, alaric won by hunger, forcing "Rome to hand over 5,000 pounds of gold, 30,000 pounds of silver, 4,000 pieces of silk, 3,000 rolls of cowhide and 4,000 pounds of pepper and release slaves from barbarians in exchange for Roman freedom. The Roman Senate successfully saved the city of Rome through bribery.
After two siege struggles, Rome finally came to its end. August 4th, AD 4 10, is undeniably a day of great significance in western history. On this day, the eternal city fell and shocked the whole Mediterranean world. This is the first time since Rome was founded that it was completely captured and plundered by barbarians. "This city that once conquered the world, now it's its turn to collapse." The visigoths left the city for three days, leaving behind ruins. The city was full of flames, cries, malaria and piles of corpses. However, although alaric was terrible, he was still a Christian and a disciplined army leader. "He ordered the soldiers not to invade the property of the church ... and not to kill people in the church, so many people sought refuge in the church. St Peter's Church and St Paul's Church in Rome were therefore not greatly disturbed in this disaster. 」
It depicts the decisive battle between troy and Sharon, Catalan Yuan Ye, Hungarian army and Rome-Visigoth allied forces in June of 45 1 year.
45 1 On June 20th, 2000, the Hungarian army and the Roman-Visigoth coalition launched a decisive battle in Catalan Yuanye between Troije and Sharon. "That piece of land with only 1500 steps has become a stage for countless races to gather; The two vanguard troops fought bravely. It is said that the troops invested by both sides in this campaign exceeded 6.5438+0 million. " It is not only a famous battle, but also a complicated and chaotic battle. Theodoric I, the Visigoth king, was "thrown by his own war horse while encouraging the army" and was unfortunately trampled to death by the disorderly army. His death aroused the visigoths' revenge and anger and their determination to fight to the death. The visigoth army launched a fierce attack like a red eye. By the end of the war, the Hungarians were gradually crushed, and Attila, who was in a bad situation, and the Hungarian caravan formed a traffic queue, in which archers were densely covered; Build a hill with a wooden saddle; Put all his gold, silver, jewels and concubines on it; Attila sat alone in the middle, intending to set himself on fire once the Roman-Visigoth army breached his camp, so as not to be a prisoner.
Fortunately, Etius was worried that "if the Hungarians were completely wiped out by the Goths, the Roman Empire would also be submerged", so he stopped chasing and enabled Attila to retreat safely. At this time, as many as 6.5438+0.6 million people have been killed in the battle. The Battle of Shalong was the first and only major defeat of Attila's "Whip of God". Attila still threatened when she retreated to the Hungarian plain: "I will come back. 」
The next year, Hungarians came back via the Alps, but the plague that spread in Italy stopped them. With Attila's bizarre sudden death on her wedding night (453), all the literati lacked his authority and ability, which led to the rapid disintegration of the Hungarian Empire and never recovered. As a result, the western Roman empire, which had just got rid of Attila's haze, was once again in civil strife. Etius and Tirico, who also saved Rome from foreign enemies, also achieved the same goal and died suddenly under the court plot. A trusted minister around Valentini Ann III said bluntly to Etius after learning of his death: "I don't know what your majesty's intentions are. What your majesty did was that a man cut off his right hand with his left hand. The death of the "last Roman" made the Western Roman Empire lose its last elite, and no one has the ability to clean up the mess since then.
Sexy history of suspenders: is it for your own pleasure or for him to see?
The image of "woman in garter" set off a storm of men's imagination, which was not only nailed to the wall, but also appeared on the fuselage of bombs and fighter planes in the United States today.