According to historical records, Tibetan medicine has a history of more than 2,300 years, and it has made great contributions to the survival, reproduction and productivity development of Tibetan people on the roof of the world. Yutao Yun Dan Kampot (708-833), the originator of Tibetan medicine, collected the great achievements of ancient Tibetan medicine, absorbed the essence of four medical prescriptions, and compiled four medical codes, which was the earliest source of eighty Thangkas. At the beginning of the 8th century AD, Bachelard, a doctor of the Tubo Dynasty, compiled and painted 26 "Picture Books of the Human Body". Pictures of abdominal cavity of Tibetan medicine, such as corpse distribution map, measurement of living body and corpse, can be found in many Tibetan medicine history books. In A.D. 1730, 79 paintings of Tibetan medicine Thangka were successfully completed in the "Four Great Medical Canon Series Wallcharts". According to historical records, Thangka drawing makes the four medical codes easy to understand, which can be understood by knowledgeable people and beginners, just like a transparent gem in your palm.
Tibetan medicine 80 Thangka is a bright pearl in the treasure house of Chinese medicine and the crystallization of people in Xizang's wisdom. From 65438 to 0998, Professor Qiang Bachilai was the editor-in-chief, and compiled the book "80 color wall charts of the Four Medical Codes Releasing the Light of Blue Glass" in Tibetan, Chinese and English, with more than 5,000 small round charts as annotations, which played a finishing touch for the series of wall charts. According to the Biography of Jade Rabbit Yundeng Kampot, the earliest popular drug in Tibet is Ibn. At that time, there was no systematic theory, and three treatments were mainly used to treat the disease, namely bloodletting, fire therapy and rubbing. At the same time, we also use ghee to stop bleeding and highland barley wine to treat trauma and other primitive and simple methods. In the 4th century A.D., Biqi Gaqi and Bilazi, the famous physicians of Tianzhu, entered Tibet and spread five medical books, such as Pulse Sutra, Medical Sutra and Treatise on Injury Sutra, which played a positive role in the development of Ibn. Since the 6th century AD, both medical and astronomical calendars have come from the mainland. In the 7th century, Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, bringing 404 prescriptions, 5 diagnostic methods, 6 medical instruments and 4 medical works, such as Mendel Qin Mo (the Medical Encyclopedia). In the eighth century, Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, bringing with her many medical personnel and medical works, and translating some of them into Tibetan, such as Suomala Zha (Betty Wong Medicine Treasures). During the Chisong Dêzain period, Tibetan medicine developed greatly, and nine famous doctors appeared, namely Yutuo Yundenggongbu, Biqiliegong, Upa Qusang, Qiqixiebu, Mi Niang Rongji, Changtijiesang, Nieba Qusang, Dongmen Tajie and Taxitabu. Deng Yun Kampot, the Jade Rabbit, is the most famous.
Yutuo Yundeng Kampot (708~835) was the most outstanding physician in the Tubo Dynasty, once served as a physician in Zampa, and was the founder of the theoretical system of Tibetan medicine. He traveled all over Tibet, extensively collected and studied folk prescriptions, summed up the experience of folk medication, and went to Wutai Mountain, India, Nepal and other places in the mainland for many times to learn from Chinese and foreign famous doctors. He invited Dong Song, a famous Chinese medicine practitioner, Nitijiawa, an Indian doctor of medicine, Damasla, a Nepalese doctor of medicine, and Kuyaba, a Kashmiri doctor of medicine, to Tibet for academic discussions. Combining Chinese and foreign medical achievements, he has compiled more than 30 medical monographs and formed a complete Tibetan medical system.
Since then, Tibetan medicine has entered a new stage of development. Tibetans are an ancient ethnic group distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The written records of Tibetan medicine began more than 300 years ago. There are many Tibetan medical documents handed down after the 8th century, of which the following six are the most influential:
(1) Dunhuang Tibetan medicine remnants (8th century AD) contain 53 prescriptions 133 kinds of medicinal materials; Among the verified 127 flavors, 66 are animal drugs (52%), 5 1 flavor is plant drugs (40%), and 12 flavor is mineral drugs (0/8%).
(2) Betty Wong's Medicine Treasures (mostly believed to be in the middle of the 8th century AD) was translated by Mahayana and medical monk Jinna of Pilu. There are 329 kinds of drugs, including 2 12 kinds of plant drugs, accounting for about 65%. Most of them are alpine plants, and most of them are still in use today.
(3) Four medical codes (12nd century), written by Yu Duoyuan Dan Kampot. Drugs 1002 kinds, including 390 kinds of drugs in Chapter 20 of Part II, with 400 prescriptions.
(4) Blue Glaze in Four Medical Codes, by Shan Zhi Jiacuo (1653 ~ 1707). Contains 1400 drugs.
(5) Zhu Jing herbal medicine, by Ma Qian Tenzin Pengcuo (1673 ~ 1743? 2,294 kinds of drugs, including plant drugs 1006, animal drugs 448 and mineral drugs 840.
(6) The Illustrated Theory of Zheng Zheng Medicine, written by Jiang Jiuduo (1the second half of the 8th century). More than 580 kinds of drugs were collected by combining pictures and texts with stilbenes. In addition to Xizang Autonomous Region, the application areas of modern Tibetan medicine include some Tibetan autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties in Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu provinces. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main producing area of Tibetan medicine. According to the investigation of relevant units, there are 2436 kinds of Tibetan medicine resources, including 2 172 kinds of plants, 2 14 kinds of animals and 50 kinds of minerals. Qinghai is located in the north and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a vast area. According to the investigation, there are 0/294 species of medicinal resources in the province, including 0/087 species of plants, 0/50 species of animals and 57 species of minerals. 70% of the hundreds of Tibetan medicines commonly used in the province are collected from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to the investigation of Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, there are more than 0/000 kinds of Tibetan medicine resources in the whole state. Of the 27 kinds of Chinese medicine resources in Ganzi1/KLOC-0, Tibetan medicine accounts for 23%.
According to statistics, there are about 3000 kinds of Tibetan medicine in China. Tibet is the birthplace of Tibetan medicine, and its application has a long history. There are more than 360 kinds of Tibetan medicines commonly used in this area, mainly from plants such as Compositae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Umbelliferae, Gentianaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Cruciferae and Liliaceae. The important medicinal genera are: Meconopsis, Pedicularis, Corydalis, Primula and Saxifraga. About 50% of commonly used Tibetan medicines contain alkaloids, and these active components are mostly found in medicinal plants such as Aconitum, Delphinium, Thalictrum, Artemisia, Sophora, Gentiana, Berberis and so on. For example, rhubarb is an important Tibetan medicine. There are 28 species of rhubarb distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, of which 2 1 species is Tibetan medicine. Rhubarb for Tibetan medicine can be divided into three categories: top-grade varieties (Junmuzha) include rhubarb, Tangut rhubarb, Tibetan rhubarb, Himalayan rhubarb, Tibetan rhubarb, Tibetan rhubarb and so on. Rhubarb is also used in Qinghai and Gansu. China products (Qushizha) include Rhubarb with spike, Rhubarb with spike, Rhubarb with long spike, Rhubarb with nettle vein, Rhubarb with heart leaf, Rhubarb with red vein and Rhubarb with egg leaf; The lower class (Qumazha) has rhubarb.