Ching Dynasty
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (6 pictures) depicts the natural scenery and bustling scenes of Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the banks of the Bianliang and Bianhe rivers. In the form of long scrolls, the author uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture. The distance between the bridge and the house within the city wall, the size of grass trees, horses, cows, donkeys and camels, and the trips of residents, pedestrians, boats and cars are all described in detail. The whole painting is magnificent, rigorous in composition and meticulous in brushwork, which fully shows the painter's profound insight into social life and superb artistic expression ability. [1] The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is not only a treasure of realistic painting art, but also provides us with first-hand information on the detailed images of the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty in terms of commerce, handicrafts, folk customs, architecture and transportation, which is of great historical document value. Its rich ideological connotation, unique aesthetic perspective and realistic expression techniques make it regarded as a classic in the painting history of China and even the world. [2] The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was a folk custom at that time, like today's holiday party, where people participated in commercial activities. The whole picture is large in scale and rigorous in structure, which is roughly divided into three sections: the first section is the spring scenery in the suburbs of Bianjing; The second paragraph is the Bianhe scene; The third part is the market in the city.
The first paragraph, Bianjing rural spring scenery.
In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters, driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal, came to the county seat. A willow forest, the branches of which are just green, makes people feel chilly in spring, but it is already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, and the sedan chair is followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk to sweep the grave in the suburbs of Beijing and heading straight for the Bianhe River. At the same time, the description of the environment and characters pointed out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opened the curtain for the whole painting. In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf.
Bianhe is a banknote version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
The Northern Song Dynasty is a national water transportation hub and commercial transportation artery. As can be seen from the picture, the crowd is dense, food ships are gathering, some people are resting in the teahouse, some are reading fortune-telling, and some are eating in the restaurant. There is also the "Wang Paper Horse Shop" selling grave-sweeping sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, either pulled by trackers or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are nervously berthing to unload. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, with knife and scissors stalls, food stalls and various grocery stalls all over the bridge. Two stall owners are scrambling to greet a passer-by to see their goods. It is the intersection of land and water transportation, which is the climax of the picture.
In the back part, busy city streets.
Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. Silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses and so on all have specialized businesses. In addition, there are medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Large-scale shops are also tied up with "colorful buildings and happy doors", and banners are hung to attract business, and pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other. There are businessmen who do business and people who look at street scenes. There are monks walking around with baskets on their backs, tourists asking for directions from other places, street children who have heard of books, children of rich people who drink heavily in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of cities, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen, and so on. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flat car and various vehicles, which vividly show people the bustling scene of a commercial city.
It's all from Baidu Encyclopedia. You can see for yourself.