Planting loofah in early spring has great market prospects, and planting loofah in early spring is also very particular. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of loofah in early spring that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

Planting Techniques of Luffa in Early Spring: The varieties of Luffa planted in greenhouses in northern early spring are mainly early-maturing, disease-resistant and high-quality, such as Shanghai fragrant Luffa, Nanjing Dragon Luffa and Dong Tang Luffa. There are Shandong big leaf coriander and Laiyang coriander commonly used in the north.

Secondly, the stubble arrangement of Luffa is a heat-resistant vegetable, and its growth temperature is in the range of 25-35℃. In the north, loofah is planted in greenhouse in early and middle March, planted in greenhouse in middle and late April, and harvested and marketed in July; Coriander is a cold-tolerant vegetable, and the suitable temperature range is 17-20℃, and it is not suitable for growth above 30℃. After the loofah vines were put on the shelves in the middle and early June, parsley was planted directly between rows of loofah. After the emergence of coriander, loofah provided shade for it, which reduced the temperature and was beneficial to the normal growth of coriander seedlings. From the end of July, coriander can be harvested and put on the market.

Third, seedling raising and seedling management

1, seed treatment: after carefully selecting loofah seeds, put them into warm water at 50-55℃, keep stirring constantly, keep the temperature at 10- 15 minutes, then cool the water to 30℃, sow for 24 hours, and change it once every 10 hour during seed soaking. Rub the seeds after soaking, take them out, wrap them with gauze, accelerate germination at 25-28℃, use 30℃ water 1-2 times a day, and sow after the seeds turn white. Coriander fruit contains two kinds of seeds, so the fruit must be rubbed before sowing to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, otherwise the emergence of seedlings will be slow and uneven.

2. Soil treatment and sowing: Peat soil or field soil and attached farmyard manure are evenly mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1 and put into a self-made paper bowl. The size of the paper bowl is 10 cm * 10 cm. When loading the soil, the lower soil of the paper bowl is compacted and the upper soil is loose, leaving a space of about 2 cm. After installation, put the paper bowl into the seedbed and cultivate a little soil around it. Before sowing, water the paper bowl, drip the germinated loofah seeds into the paper bowl after water seepage, each bowl is 1 grain, cover with 1.5 cm soil, and cover with plastic film to raise temperature and keep moisture; In case of cold current, a small arch shed can be buckled on the seedbed to keep warm, and the sowing amount per mu is 250-300g.

Coriander is sown, densely planted and harvested by sowing. Sowing amount per mu is 2-5 kg, and after sowing, cover the soil 1 cm to keep the soil moist.

3. After counting the seeds in seedling management, the daily temperature is controlled at 25-30℃, the ground temperature is controlled at 20-25℃, and the seedlings emerge in 4-5 days. After emergence, the temperature is kept at 20-25℃ during the day and at 15-20℃ at night. The seedling stage is in the season of short sunshine hours, weak light and low temperature, so it is not advisable to water too much to keep the soil dry and wet. Too much watering will cause root retting in case of low temperature. After the seedlings go in and out, they need less light in the early stage, and with the growth of the seedlings, they can increase the light appropriately. In order to adapt the seedlings to the environmental conditions in the greenhouse and improve the survival rate after planting, the seedlings can be exercised 1 week before planting, and watering should be stopped during seedling hardening, and the temperature should be gradually reduced and ventilation should be increased.

Fourth, the management of colonization and post-colonization.

1, the shed can be closed 20 days before planting, or in the autumn of the first year, which is beneficial to thawing in the shed. After the soil is thawed, 5000-6000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer and 0/5 kg of diammonium phosphate/kloc are applied per mu. After deep ploughing, the soil is prepared and ridged, and the ridge spacing is 60 cm. When the average daily temperature of boron is not lower than 10℃ and the soil temperature at the depth of 10 cm is not lower than 12℃, the safe colonization period is reached.

2. When the four real leaves are unfolded, select strong seedlings and plant them in sunny morning, with the spacing between the plants being 35-40cm. After planting, water the soles of your feet and protect 2000 seedlings per mu.

3. Post-planting management

*** 1*** The delay period of seedling stage after planting is 30-35℃ during the day and 20-25℃ at night; After delaying seedling, the temperature is 25-30℃ during the day and 18-20℃ at night. When the temperature exceeds 35℃ during the day, proper ventilation is required. When the lowest temperature exceeds 15℃, the ventilation rate can be reduced and the shed film can be covered until the end of harvesting.

***2*** Fertilizer and water management Luffa likes moist soil environment. Keep the soil moist throughout the growth period and water it once after the early stage of seedlings. Water should be poured every 1 week during the flowering and fruiting period, and every 3-4 days during the peak harvest period. Water should be done on a sunny morning, and the water should be even. Avoid floods. If there is water shortage, the fruit fiber will increase, the melon strips will be uneven and the quality will decrease. In addition, loofah should be topdressing in time on the premise of applying sole fertilizer. After delayed emergence, apply fertilizer with water once and compound fertilizer 5-10 kg; Entering the flowering and fruiting period, fertilizing once every 7- 10 days; During the harvesting period, after harvesting, topdressing is performed once, divided into 2-3 times, and each topdressing can use compound fertilizer or human excrement, and 5- 10 kg of compound fertilizer or 200-300 kg of human excrement is applied per mu; Prevent fertilization during flowering and fruiting, resulting in fruit deformity and affecting quality.

* * * 3 * * When the plant adjusts the length of the towel gourd to 30-50 cm, hang the rope in time, lead the vines to the shelves, and tie the stems and vines in time to prevent falling off. Before the plants were put on the shelf, all the lateral vines were removed. After putting on the shelves, if the vines are too dense, remove some side vines and choose thick side vines. In the process of growth, remove the rainy male inflorescence, tendrils and deformed fruits in time. In the middle and late stage, the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves in the lower part should be destroyed, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions should be increased to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

* * * 4 * * The temperature is low in the early stage of artificial pollination, and the fruit setting rate is low. Artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate and increase the yield.

5. Pest control The main diseases of loofah are epidemic disease, downy mildew and epidemic disease, which can be controlled by Aimiao, Amistar, Shigao, Chlorothalonil, Jin Lei Dumi, antiviral alum or ethyl phosphate. Pests mainly include aphids, cucumbers, liriomyza sativae and so on. It can be controlled by chemicals such as Aleka and Aketai. Coriander seldom gets sick during the whole growth period. If there is coriander leaf spot, it can be controlled by Antaisheng, Baitai and Pinrun. The main pest is aphid, and the control method is the same as loofah.

6. Harvesting usually takes place on 10- 15 days after the flower of the loofah, when the fruit of the loofah is full, the fruit handle is smooth, the pulp is crisp and tender, and the peel feels soft, reaching the harvesting standard. At the initial stage of harvest, harvest once every 3-5 days; During the peak harvest period, it can be harvested once every 1-2 days.

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Coriander can be harvested in the market 35-40 days after sowing, and the seedling height is 10- 15 cm.

The main point of planting loofah in early spring is that loofah is a kind of heat-tolerant crop, and its seedlings grow slowly at low temperature. Therefore, when sowing in spring, it is necessary to soak the seeds for 8~ 10 hour, take them out, wrap them with wet cloth, put them in a warm place, and sow them after 2~3 days of germination, which can effectively improve the survival rate of Luffa.

Luffa has a developed root system and is not suitable for deep ploughing. Generally, shallow tillage is carried out for 2-3 times and cultivated for 4-5 times in front of the tower to promote adventitious roots and maintain soil temperature. Topdressing combined with soil cultivation, mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, spraying Zhuangguadiling on the leaves of plants before flowering, young melon stage and expansion stage can greatly improve the ability of plants to absorb water and fertilizer, promote the rapid expansion and development of melons, and achieve high yield and high quality.

Loofah begins to spit vines, so it is necessary to erect vines in time. According to the occurrence and fruit setting of loofah vines, the invalid vines at the base of the stem are removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Put the seedlings on the shelves after proper circle to make them evenly distributed and grow well. Spraying Wang Cuihua No.3 at the flower bud differentiation stage forced the top vigorous nutrition to flow back, and its main nutrition turned to the young fruit development system, which promoted the fruit expansion and vitality, and promoted the growth of Luffa.

Characteristics of Luffa 1, Botanical characteristics Luffa is a creeping herb with a particularly developed root system. The depth of taproot is more than 1 m, and there are many lateral roots. Generally distributed in 30 cm topsoil, the horizontal range is about 3 meters. The stem is creeping, pentagonal, dark green and fluffy, with a small or inconspicuous cavity in the middle, and the diameter of the stem is 0.5 ~ 0. The main vine can reach 5 ~ 10 m, and its branching ability is very strong. Generally, it can produce 2 ~ 3 grades of lateral vines, forming a multi-branched and lush vine with tendrils and axillary buds at the same time. Leaves palmately lobed or heart-shaped, alternate in dark green, with reticulate veins and convex veins on the back. The leaves of some varieties are waxy, with an average leaf length of 17 ~ 20 cm. The flowers are yellow unisexual flowers, which are inserted in the axils of leaves and dioecious. Generally, there are male flowers first, which are racemes; Female flowers are usually solitary, and a few varieties are prolific. The first 1 female flower appears between 8 and 20 knots. Female flowers appear on 5 ~ 6 nodes of the lateral vine, and there are female flowers on each node in the future, most of which become unfaithful flowers. The flowering time is generally open at 6 ~ 10 every morning, and it is delayed on cloudy days. The fruit is Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which is short cylinder, rod and long rod. The tender fruit has fluff, fine wrinkles on the surface, green skin and light green and white flesh. Generally, the flesh has three ventricles and three placentas, and the outer layer of the flesh is pericarp, which develops from the ovary wall. The seeds are nearly oval, black or grayish white, with smooth and flat surface and winged edges. Each fruit contains about 400 seeds, and the 1000-grain weight is100 ~140g.

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2. Requirements for environmental conditions: Luffa is a vegetable that likes temperature and heat resistance. The optimum temperatures for seed germination, growth and flowering are 25 ~ 28℃ and 25 ~ 30℃ respectively. In hot summer, as long as there is enough fertilizer and water, flowers and fruits are still very prosperous. The growth is slow at 15℃, and the growth below 10℃ is inhibited or even destroyed by freezing. Luffa is a short-day plant, which grows fast in short-day and slow in long-day sunshine. The shorter the sunshine days, the more obvious the promotion effect on the growth and development of Luffa, which can reduce the node position of male and female flowers. Especially in the early stage of growth, high temperature and short sunshine are the most ideal conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable sowing date to obtain favorable lighting conditions. Luffa is not only resistant to high temperature, but also resistant to high humidity. It can still grow healthily under the condition of too much rain or humid air, and can blossom and bear fruit normally. Luffa needs a lot of soil and nutrients to grow well, especially in the flowering and fruiting period.

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