However, Byzantine art is the art of the Eastern Roman Empire, which is now Istanbul, Turkey, and Gothic art is the art brought by the Nordic barbarians, mainly France. The representative works of both are churches. Byzantine cathedral-Hagia Sophia, Gothic church is Notre Dame de Paris.

Baroque art is an artistic trend of thought that rose in Europe in the17th century. It is characterized by its emphasis on gorgeous theater and strong sense of flesh, as well as a sense of movement and religion. The content of the performance is mainly religious stories and court figures. The representative figures are the sculptor Benigni's Apollo and Daphne, and the painter Rubens's The Trial of Paris.

Baroque art differs from the former two in artistic time by hundreds of years. If * * * have something in common, the explanations all emphasize romantic exaggeration and religious sense.

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Supplementary content

Baroque art

Baroque is a popular artistic style in17th century. This name appeared in the18th century, which was given to an artistic style by classical art theorists in the last century. Baroque art originated in Italy, and then spread throughout Europe, especially in countries where Catholicism prevails. Since then, with the spread of religion, it has influenced some countries in Latin America and Asia. The Yuanmingyuan in China has baroque architecture.

The main features of baroque art can be summarized as follows:

First, gorgeous. Because customers are mainly church elites and nobles, striving for luxury is a major feature. Baroque architecture, painting and sculpture are very spectacular and luxurious.

The second is romance. Baroque art has a strong romantic color. Renaissance art emphasizes rational tranquility and harmony, while Baroque art emphasizes irrational infinite fantasy, trying to break the harmony and tranquility. Baroque sculptures and paintings are full of tense dramatic atmosphere.

The third is passion. Baroque art works are always full of passion and strong emotional color, and works often reflect the author's inner emotional world-sadness, joy, mystery, fear and so on. Baroque art is not only exciting in appearance, but also turbulent in content, which is related to the turbulent situation at that time.

Fourth, it is its movement, that is, its external form emphasizes the sense of movement. Movement can be said to be the soul of Baroque art. A painting, a sculpture and a building all seem to be a flash of light. It keeps moving and has a strong and complicated rhythm and melody. In baroque works of art, it is common to have a strong contrast between light and shade, and the complex changes of light strengthen the movement and instability of things.

Fifth, it is spatiality. Renaissance art works are basically flat, while Baroque art attaches great importance to the expression of space and three-dimensional sense, as do architecture and sculpture works, emphasizing hierarchy and depth, trying to break the plane.

Sixth, it is religion. Baroque art is closely related to Catholicism. In terms of the theme of the works, it is usually manifested as martyrdom, hallucinations, mysterious stories and plots. Baroque art has not given up the mythical theme, but in proportion, religious theme still occupies a major position.

Seventh, comprehensive. Baroque art emphasizes the characteristics of comprehensiveness, which has many forms. One is the combination of architecture, sculpture and painting; The other is the integration of various parts of the building itself. In addition, Baroque architecture pays special attention to the integration with the surrounding environment. Moreover, Baroque art is closely related to literature, drama and music. The theme of literature, the effect of drama, the rhythm and melody of music are the things that Benigni and others are most keen to pursue, and they are often reflected in their works.

Eighth, it has a certain tendency to deviate from real life, which is one of the main defects of baroque art, and this tendency is inevitable even for the most outstanding baroque masters Benigni and Rubens. Some baroque artists are too otherworldly, far from real life, and do not attach importance to depicting the inner activities of characters.

Worship court art

Like Byzantium, the art of Emperor Vassili II is characterized by decoration, abstraction and religious implication. Most of the existing Byzantine works of art are mosaics, murals and oil paintings in churches. Themes include Jesus, the Virgin and the Son, angels and archangels, saints, emperors and bishops, and the themes of heaven and hell. Mosaic Mosaics are mostly decorative, and the plane composition is formulaic, making good use of dazzling colors, with gold and blue as the main colors and white, purple, blue, yellow, pink, green, red and black as the intervals. Most of the Byzantine icons are made of wood, and the patterns are made of small horses or pigments, decorated with gold and silver, enamel and ivory, and inlaid with jewels. The art of Byzantine icons had a great influence on the religious art of later Orthodox countries such as Russia and Greece, and the fine painting technology of Persian Empire also came from the fine mosaic technology of Byzantine icons. In addition to religious themes, there are some Byzantine paintings that reflect military, combat, daily life, animals and plants. Another feature of Byzantine culture is its exquisite luxury goods and gold and silver products technology. The existing Byzantine treasures (mostly cultural relics plundered to western Europe after the Crusaders captured Constantinople in the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-0) reflect the superb level of Byzantine craftsmanship, including silk carpets inlaid with gold thread, golden communion cups of agate and alabaster; Gold plates and cutlery for the Eucharist; The gospels have gold, ruby and sapphire covers; Panels and boxes made of ivory and enamel; Gold and silver candlestick; Amulets and pendants engraved with religious stories; Embroidered gold robe woven from silk; Icons of gold and mosaic, etc. Byzantines believed that the power of heaven was manifested in the gold and silver jewelry of emperors and churches. The more luxurious the palace and St. Sofia's cathedral are, the more they can prove the nobleness of the afterlife that every Christian expects. Therefore, the palace and the cathedral in Sofia have become a huge treasure house. 1204, Crusaders and Venetians discovered 1700 small altars made of gold, pearls, precious stones and enamel, more than 40,000 gold and silver incense burners and sacred boxes, and other treasures piled up in the cathedral of St. Sofia. Among the existing Byzantine handicrafts in Venice, the most exquisite one is PalaD'Oro of Parado, which is made of gold, enamel, pearls and precious stones. In 976, the Governor of Venice commissioned Byzantine craftsmen to make the central panel of the altar, and in 2005,1/kloc-0 ordered more enamel panels. During the Fourth Crusade, the Venetian army plundered St Sofia's Cathedral and many monasteries to Venice and added them to the altar. Byzantine silk products are also one of the most valuable commodities of the empire. The primitive silkworm eggs and sericulture techniques of Byzantine Empire were smuggled from China during Justinian the Great, and then the national nutritional sericulture was established in southern Greece. Silk production and textile are strictly controlled by the government, and it is strictly forbidden to speculate on prices or export purplish red dyes special for silk abroad. Purple silk clothing and carpets are exclusively for royalty, while other silk fabrics are embroidered with exquisite patterns. Charlemagne was buried in a shroud made of Byzantine silk. In the14th century, with the further improvement of textile processing, tapestries with more complicated patterns appeared, which were woven into dresses, altar covers, curtains, tapestries and carpets with gold and silver threads, and became an important tribute in the foreign policy of Byzantine Empire.