1. F.P.A: This name has been used in China insurance industry for a long time. Its original meaning in English is that "particular average" is not responsible for compensation. According to the international insurance industry's interpretation of particular average, it refers to partial loss. Therefore, the original coverage of FPA only covers all losses. However, in the long-term practice, the scope of F. P.A. insurance has been continuously supplemented and revised. At present, the coverage of F.P.A. insurance has exceeded the limit of only protecting losses. To sum up, the coverage of this risk mainly includes:

1. In the course of transportation, due to natural disasters and accidents of the means of transport, the insured goods are actually completely lost or presumed to be completely lost.

2. Because the vehicles ran aground, hit rocks, sank and collided with each other. Collision with other objects on the same means of transport and accidents such as fire and explosion cause partial loss of the insured goods.

3. As long as the means of transport is stranded, stranded, sunk, burned, etc. Whether this means that the insured goods are partially lost due to natural disasters such as bad weather at sea, lightning and tsunami before or after the accident.

4. Total loss or partial loss caused by one or more insured goods falling into the sea during transshipment.

5. All or part of the loss of the insured goods caused by the unloading of the means of transport at the port of refuge due to natural disasters or accidents.

6 due to natural disasters or accidents caused by cargo handling, storage, transportation and need to stop at the port of midway or port of refuge.

7. Sacrifice, contribution and salvage expenses in general average.

8. In case of danger within the scope of insurance liability, the insured takes various measures to rob the goods to prevent or reduce losses and cause reasonable use. However, the expense limit borne by the insurance company cannot exceed the insured amount of the rescued goods. The rescue expenses can be borne within an insurance amount limit other than the compensation amount.

2. W.P.A. Insurance: In addition to the above-mentioned F.P.A. Insurance, its coverage also includes some losses of the insured goods caused by natural disasters such as bad weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and flood.

3. All Risks: The scope of liability includes not only all the above F.P.A. and W.P.A. risks, but also the losses caused by various external reasons during the transportation of the insured goods. Regardless of total loss or partial loss, the insurance company will compensate for some goods lost in transit, except for the exemption rate agreed by the insurance company and the insured in the insurance policy.

The above three kinds of insurance have basic insurance for cargo transportation, and the insured can choose one of them.

In addition, the insurer may request an extension of the insurance period. For example, if the goods exported to some inland countries are unloaded at the port and transshipped inland, and cannot reach their destination within the insurance period stipulated in the insurance clauses, they can apply for an extension. After the insurance company issues the certificate, it will be extended and a certain premium will be added every day.

However, among the above three basic risks, the exclusion liability is clearly stipulated. The so-called exclusion liability refers to the loss or expense that the insurance company clearly stipulates not to cover.

Additional risk

1. No risk of theft: within the validity period of insurance, the insurance company shall be responsible for compensation for the loss of stolen or stolen insurance goods after the goods arrive at the destination.

2. Fresh water rain insurance: The insurance company is responsible for the compensation for the losses caused by fresh water, rain or even snow melting during the transportation of goods. (Fresh water includes fresh water tanks on board, water pipes leaking and sweat, etc. )

3. Shortage insurance: responsible for insuring goods shortage and weight loss. Usually, if there is a shortage of packaged goods, the insurance company must find out whether there are any abnormal phenomena in the outer packaging, such as cracks, broken bags, torn seams, etc. If it is bulk cargo, the difference between loading and unloading weight will be used as the basis for calculating the shortage.

4. Risk of mixing and pollution: damage caused by impurities mixed in the insured goods during transportation. For example, the ore is mixed with soil, grass clippings and so on, which affects the quality. In addition, the insured goods are polluted by contact with other substances, such as cloth, paper, food, clothing and other economic losses caused by oil or colored substances.

5, leakage of dangerous liquids, semi-liquid liquids and oily substances, leakage losses caused by container damage during transportation. If the wet casing is stored in liquid, the intestine will rot due to liquid leakage. Insurance companies are responsible for compensation for deterioration and other losses.

6. Risk of collision and breakage: collision is mainly aimed at goods such as metal and wood, and breakage is mainly aimed at fragile substances. The former refers to the loss caused by vibration, collision and extrusion of the goods themselves during transportation; The latter is the loss caused by the breakage and damage of the goods themselves caused by the rough handling and the bumps of the means of transport during transportation.

7. Cross-taste risk: such as tea, spices, medicinal materials, etc. In the process of transportation, it is affected by the smell of skin and camphor, which leads to the decline of quality.

8. Damp and heat risk: If the water vapor in the cabin condenses, turns damp and heats up during the voyage, resulting in cargo loss.

9. Hook damage insurance: The insurer shall compensate for the losses caused by the use of hand hooks, hooks and other tools during the loading and unloading of the insured goods, such as the loss caused by grain leakage in the grain packaging bag due to the broken hooks.

10. packaging damage risk: loss caused by material shortage and pollution due to packaging damage. In addition, the insurance company should also be responsible for the cost of spare packaging and replacement packaging of the insured goods due to the safety needs of continuous transportation during transportation.

1 1. Rust risk: The insurance company is responsible for the loss caused by rust of the insured goods during transportation. However, this corrosion must occur during the insurance period. If it is original, it will rust, and the insurance company will not be responsible.

The above 1 1 additional risks cannot be underwritten independently, and must be attached to the main insurance. In other words, the insured can only apply for additional insurance after the main insurance is insured. All the above risks are covered after the "All Risks" insurance is applied.

special additional risk

Special additional risks are also included in the additional risks, but they are not covered by all risks. It is related to the risks caused by people's politics and state administrative regulations. At present, the special additional risks insured by insurance companies include: non-delivery insurance, import tariff insurance, aflatoxin insurance, and extended fire liability clauses for exporting goods to storage warehouses in Hong Kong (including Kowloon) or Macao. In addition, it also includes war insurance and strike insurance. scope of responsibility

The scope of responsibility of land transportation insurance The insured goods suffer from storms, lightning, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. Collision, rollover or derailment of land vehicles (mainly trains and cars) during transportation. For example, in the process of lightering, it includes all or part of the losses caused by accidents such as grounding, hitting rocks, sinking or tunnel collapse, cliff collapse or fire and explosion. The coverage of land transportation insurance of insurance companies is as large as that of marine insurance.

The coverage of all risks

In addition to the above land transportation insurance, the insurance company is also responsible for all or part of the losses of the insured goods caused by external reasons during transportation, such as shortage, theft, leakage, collision, breakage, hook damage, rain, corrosion, humidity, mildew, odor and pollution.

Excluded liability

1. Losses caused by intentional acts or negligence of the insured.

2. Losses caused by the shipper's responsibility or natural consumption of the insured goods.

3. Losses caused by war, workers' strike or transportation delay.

The starting and ending period of insurance liability is basically the same as the warehouse-to-warehouse clause of marine cargo insurance, and it takes effect when the insured goods leave the consignor's warehouse or storage place at the place of departure specified in the insurance policy. Including normal land transportation and related water barge, until the goods are delivered to the warehouse or storage place of the destination consignee specified in the insurance policy, or other storage places used by the insured for distribution, distribution or abnormal transportation. However, if it fails to reach the above warehouse or storage place, the insurance liability shall be limited to 60 days after the insured goods arrive at the final unloading station. However, in land cargo insurance, in addition to cargo insurance and land all risks, additional risks of land cargo insurance can be added through negotiation, such as land war risk. Land war insurance and marine war insurance differ in specific responsibilities due to their respective characteristics, but in terms of the scope of responsibility of war insurance, they are basically the same. That is to say, people directly caused by war, similar acts of war and armed conflict, such as losses caused by the seizure, detention, prohibition and seizure of goods, should be responsible for compensation. Basic definition

Air cargo transportation insurance is an insurance business that takes all kinds of goods in the process of air transportation as the insurance subject matter, and when the goods covered by air cargo insurance cause cargo losses in transit due to insurance liability, the insurance company provides economic compensation.

range of duties

1. All air cargo can be the subject of this insurance.

2. The following goods have not been specifically agreed between the insured and the insurer, and are stated in the insurance policy (voucher), which do not belong to the scope of the subject matter insured: gold and silver, jewelry, diamonds, jade, jewelry, ancient coins, antiques, ancient books, ancient paintings, stamps, artworks, rare metals and other valuable property.

The following goods are not covered by air cargo insurance: vegetables, fruits, live animals, poultry, fish and other animals.

insured liability

The insurer shall be liable for the loss of the insured goods caused by the following insurance accidents:

1. Fire, explosion, lightning, hail, storm, rainstorm, flood, tsunami, subsidence, cliff collapse;

2 losses caused by collision, capsizing, falling, missing (more than three months), unloading in distress, abandonment due to bad weather or other distress accidents;

3. Losses caused by fracture, bending, indentation, cracking and cracking caused by vibration, collision or pressure;

4. Losses caused by the loss of goods due to damaged packaging;

5. Any liquid, semi-liquid or insured goods that need to be stored in liquid are damaged and leaked during transportation due to vibration, collision or pressure, or the goods stored in liquid are rotted due to liquid leakage;

6. Losses caused by theft or non-delivery;

7. Losses caused by force majeure accidents and rain during port loading and unloading and ground transportation.

In the event of a disaster within the scope of air transport insurance, the direct and reasonable expenses paid for rescuing or protecting the insured goods shall not exceed the insured amount of the insured goods.

Insurance period

The insurance liability of air transport insurance begins when the carrier receives the insured goods and issues an insurance policy (certificate), and ends when the consignee of the destination on the insurance policy (certificate) is in the first local warehouse or storage place. However, if the consignee fails to take delivery of the insured goods in time after they arrive at the destination, the termination period of insurance liability shall be extended to 15 days after the consignee receives the arrival notice (subject to the postmark date).

Insurance amount and insurance rate

The insured value of air transport insurance is determined according to the price of the goods or the price of the goods plus the transportation fee, and the insured amount is determined according to the insured value, which can also be determined by both parties through consultation. Other clauses are similar to domestic waterway and land cargo transportation insurance. Basic definition

Parcel transportation insurance. Refers to the loss of package contents caused by natural disasters, accidents or external reasons in the process of sea, land and air transportation.

Parcel transportation insurance covers the losses caused by insurance accidents when the goods delivered by postal parcels are posted in the post office. Sending the goods to the destination by parcel post can be by sea, land or air, air or two or more modes of transportation. No matter what mode of transportation is used, all insurance for transporting trade goods to their destination by postal parcel belongs to postal parcel insurance.

Insurance classification

According to its insurance liability, parcel insurance is divided into parcel insurance and parcel all risks. The responsibilities of postal parcel insurance and marine cargo insurance are similar, and the responsibilities of postal parcel all risks and marine cargo all risks are basically the same.

1. Parcel insurance: it is responsible for compensating the insured parcel for all or part of the losses caused by natural disasters such as bad weather, thunder and lightning, tsunami, earthquake and flood during transportation, or the stranded, stranded, sunk, collided, overturned, derailed, dropped or disappeared vehicles, or accidents such as fire and explosion. In addition, insurance is also responsible for the reasonable expenses paid by the insured for taking measures to rescue, prevent or reduce losses of dangerous goods within the scope of insurance liability, but it does not exceed the insured amount of the rescued goods.

2. All Risks of Parcel Post: In addition to the responsibility of parcel post restriction, it also bears all or part of the responsibility for the losses caused by external reasons during the transportation of the insured parcel.

scope of responsibility

1. All or part of the losses of the insured parcel in transit are caused by bad weather, lightning, tsunami, mines, floods or natural disasters, or by stranding, hitting rocks, sinking, collision, overturning, derailment, falling, missing or fire or explosion accidents.

2. The reasonable expenses paid by the insured for taking measures to rescue, prevent or mitigate the damage to the dangerous goods within the scope of underwriting responsibility, but not exceeding the insured amount of the rescued goods. In addition to the above responsibilities, postal parcel insurance also includes all or part of the responsibilities for the losses caused by external reasons during the transportation of the insured postal parcel. Compared with marine cargo insurance, the exclusion liability of parcel cargo insurance and the obligations of the insured are essentially the same. The responsibility begins when the insured package leaves the sender's premises at the place of departure specified in the insurance policy and is transported to the post office until the package reaches the destination post office specified in this insurance policy, and ends 15 days after the post office sends out the arrival notice. However, within this period, once the air parcel reaches the consignee, the insurance liability will be terminated.