1. What are the description methods of composition, and what are the description methods in Chinese?

The object of description: character description, scenery description, scene description and detail description.

Description angle: front description and side description.

Methods of describing characters: appearance (including expression), language, action and psychology.

Environmental description (scenery description) is divided into natural environment and social environment.

Methods of describing scenery: static and dynamic combination (writing static and dynamic), generalization and concrete combination, from far to near (or from near to far)

Describe the perspective of the scene: vision, hearing, taste, touch and smell.

Classification by content ● Role description

1. General description, 1. Portrait description, 1. Language description, 4. Action description, 1. Psychological description, 1. Detailed description.

7. Expression description

Scenery description, static and dynamic, objective and subjective, contrast and contrast.

Classification by characteristics

● Sketch The so-called "sketch" refers to a writing method that grasps the main characteristics of things and outlines the image of things with concise language. Mr. Lu Xun is very good at using sketching techniques, such as the introduction of Mr. Fujino in Mr. Fujino: "At that time, a dark and thin gentleman came in with a moustache and glasses, holding a pile of books, big and small. As soon as I put the book on the podium, I introduced myself to the students in a slow and depressed tone. My name is Fujino Genkuro. ? The language is concise and impressive.

● Detailed description. Fine description refers to the meticulous carving of things, which can also be called meticulous painting, as opposed to simple drawing. For example, A Lei's "One Side" writes Lu Xun in more detail than Lu Xun's "Fujino": "His face is yellow, yellow, black and white, thin and worried, like a person recovering from a serious illness, but his spirit is good and he is not depressed at all.

2. What description methods are there to reveal the characters' personalities? It can make readers intuitively know the characters in the works and understand their external characteristics.

Language description: a method of describing a character's character through his language in literary creation. It can directly express people's thoughts, qualities and personality characteristics.

Psychological description: a description of the psychological activities of characters in a specific environment. It can reveal the inner world of the characters, express thoughts and feelings, portray the characters' personality and deepen the theme of the works.

Action description: a way to express a character's character by his own actions in literary works. It can show the inner world of a character, and show the character and its development.

Scenery description: Scenery description should not only grasp the shape, color and dynamics of the scene, but also explain the orientation of each part of the scene clearly, leaving a clear impression on people. Can set off the mood of the characters at that time.

Emotional description: you can write about the relationship between people in literary works, which will pave the way for what happens later.

Positive description: also known as "direct description". One of the description techniques of the article is opposite to "profile description". Mainly refers to the portrait, psychology, language, action and rights of the characters.

Brief description: Brief description, also called indirect description, is a supplement to positive description. The twists and turns in the profile description of characters can stimulate readers' imagination, enrich the characters and achieve the effect of showing them one by one.

3. What are the description methods of writing techniques? What are the ways to describe all the complete writing skills?

Write the main points of the article:

1, you can selectively read some high-quality composition books to help open your mind;

2, to be smooth, to the point, to achieve these two requirements;

3, draft, depending on everyone's situation, generally speaking, don't be afraid to spend time, try to go;

4, an article is divided into at least four paragraphs, the sixth and seventh paragraphs are the most appropriate;

At the beginning of the first paragraph, we must go all out to describe the character form, event process or scenery characteristics with descriptive techniques.

7. When you encounter a cold article, don't be afraid, narrow down the scope, find the core, and then you can write it;

If you have done it, it must be a good thing. Of course, you need to "go up a storey still higher";

4. What are the description methods of the article? 1. Appearance description (portrait description), the description of appearance, posture and clothes is called appearance description or portrait description.

2. Action description is a description method to reveal a character's character through his personalized action and action description. 3. Language description is a description method to describe a character's personality through personalized character language.

4. Psychological description is a description method to describe the inner personality characteristics of characters by analyzing their inner activities (such as inner feelings, intentions, wishes, thoughts, ideological struggles, etc.). ) and tap their thoughts and feelings. 5. Expression description: different from appearance description. Expression description depicts people's facial expressions, which can highlight people's personality characteristics.

Environment description: 1. The description of natural environment is a description of the place, season, climate, time and scene of people's activities. It has the functions of setting off the emotions of characters, promoting the development of stories, pointing out and highlighting the center. 2. The description of social environment generally refers to the description of social background, flavor of the times and regional characteristics.

In addition, according to the narrator's expression, description (including character description and environment description) can be divided into frontal description, side description, scene description and detail description. 1. Positive description (direct description) is a direct description of people or environment. 2. Profile description (indirect description), through the description of other people or environment, sets off the characters and scenery written from the profile, thus receiving the effect of "holding the moon in the clouds". 3. Scene description is a description of large-scale social activities or scenes of life, fighting, labor and entertainment in which many people participate.

4. Detail description refers to the detailed description of some small internal or external transitions, which plays a special role in showing the development of characters and plots, including movements, expressions, objects and environments.

5. What are the descriptive techniques of the article? The description of the article can be divided into two categories: character description and environmental description. According to the description method, description can be divided into two categories: line drawing and fine drawing.

I. Description of people and environment 1. Portrait description (1): Reveal the identity, circumstances and social environment of the characters, and vividly express their inner world and personality characteristics. (2) Action description: It shows the mental outlook of the character and directly reflects the character.

It plays an important role in character description. (3) Language description: express the feelings of the characters, reflect the character characteristics of the characters, and reflect the characteristics of the times in which the characters live.

(4) Psychological description: it is the psychological activity of the characters in a specific environment. Reveal the character's heart and portray the character.

(5) Expression description: It is a description of the facial expressions of the characters, which can show the psychology of the characters from the side, thus highlighting the personality of the characters. 2. Description of environment (1) Description of natural environment: set off the mood of the characters; Render an atmosphere; Lead to the following or pave the way for the post * *; Point out the season, place and people; Express the relationship between characters; Express the character; Connecting the preceding with the following. (2) Description of social environment: In a narrow sense, social environment refers to place, background and atmosphere. In a broad sense, it refers to the sum of social life and interpersonal relationships in a certain historical period.

Second, line drawing and fine drawing 1, line drawing is also called sketch. This is a technique in Chinese painting that uses pure ink lines to outline objects without coloring. When it is borrowed in writing, it means accurately describing vivid literary images with simple words, without more rendering, gorgeous rhetoric or music. This is Lu Xun's description method of "sincerity, whitewashing, less affectation and no ostentation".

Example 1: On one side, the author sketched Mr. Lu Xun's face for the first time: (I looked inside-gloomy and dark), and I could only vaguely distinguish that sitting in the south end was a thin China man in his fifties, wearing a yellow gown and holding a cigarette holder in his mouth. From time to time, smoke came out by the fire. Here, the author does not use any flowery words, but uses simple words to outline Mr. Lu Xun's figure, age, nationality, clothing and smoking style from a distance.

A few strokes, full of love and admiration for Mr. Lu Xun, accurately and vividly outline the main feature of Mr. Lu Xun's appearance: thinness. Highlighting the characteristics of "thinness" also highlights the lofty quality and tenacious will of Lu Xun who devoted his life to the revolutionary cause.

Example 2: In "Pear Blossom on the Post Road", the description of Sister Pear Blossom is as follows: (We were working when suddenly a group of Hani girls flashed through the pear trees). Miao Miao, who walks in front, is 14 or 15 years old, with two curved slender eyebrows and a pair of big crystal eyes on her rosy face.

Here, the author didn't pile up words and deliberately carve them, but focused on outlining the little girl's eyebrows with simple pen and ink. In just a few strokes, a pure, beautiful, naive and lively Hani girl jumped from the paper as if she were in front of her. Using line drawing technique, you don't need thick ink and heavy color, and you don't need to carve it deliberately.

Sketch emphasizes conciseness and accuracy, or simple sketch or figurative description, rather than gorgeous and delicate, but it requires grasping the main characteristics of the image, seeking "spirit" and "manifestation", demanding accurate and vivid description and giving people a vivid impression. 2. Fine painting, also called meticulous painting, was originally a method of painting with a pen. This method emphasizes neatness, meticulousness and subtlety.

Borrowed from words, fine description refers to the realistic and meticulous carving of the things described. Example 1: This is the way to describe Lin Daiyu, Jia Baoyu and Wang Xifeng in A Dream of Red Mansions.

Wang Xifeng appeared in A Dream of Red Mansions for the third time, which was extremely wonderful. "I saw a group of daughter-in-law girls surrounded by a person coming in through the back door.

This person's dress is different from other girls, colorful embroidery is brilliant, just like a fairy princess: wearing a golden silk eight-treasure beaded bun and hanging beads on the five phoenix in Chaoyang; With a gold plate around his neck; The skirt is tied with a bean green palace sash, and the roses are double balanced; Wearing a golden butterfly, wearing a narrow coat of red satin, wearing a colorful carved azurite silver mouse jacket; Under the jade crepe skirt A pair of red phoenix triangle eyes, two curved willow leaves hanging from the eyebrows, slim, handsome, pink face full of the power of spring, red lips smell sweet before laughing. "

Here, the work not only depicts the appearance of Wang Xifeng in detail, but also reveals the character characteristics and spiritual world of the characters through the description of the appearance. The work pays attention to the detailed description of clothing. First, the headdress, skirt and dress are selected to describe in detail, trying to explain Wang Xifeng's jewelry and makeup, suggesting her greed and vulgarity and reflecting her inner emptiness from the side.

Then describe her appearance in detail, focusing on her "triangular eyes", two curved "hanging eyebrow" and "pink face" with no power at all, and "red lips" without smile before opening her mouth, which shows that there is cunning and cunning hidden under her beautiful appearance. Using meticulous description techniques, we seek both "form" and "spirit", and convey "spirit" with "form", which has both form and spirit.

This is to grasp the characteristics of things to describe, and must not be evenly written. Sketch and meticulous painting have their own advantages.

In writing, when to use line drawing and when to use fine drawing depends on the needs of expression and the actual situation. However, no matter whether it is line drawing or fine drawing, it is required to be targeted and highlight the characteristics, so as to avoid a thousand people and a thousand scenes; At the same time, it should be noted that the description must closely focus on the theme of the article, clarify the purpose of description, combine description with meaning and emotion, and draw a vivid image to achieve the effect of describing people as if they were in the scene.

6. What are the descriptive techniques of the article? What are the six descriptive skills commonly used in college entrance examination? Writing about scenery is one of the common contents in ancient poetry. By describing the scenery, the author can render the atmosphere, express the sense of * * *, deepen the center and promote the development of the plot.

When we appreciate poetry, we should not only understand the literal meaning, improve our ideological quality and aesthetic feeling, but also pay attention to the poet's form and skills in writing landscapes in language. Descriptive techniques are mainly divided into positive description and side description. There are six common description appreciation angles of NMET: (1) horizontal description —— Set off Wang Mian's White Eyebrows in the Yuan Dynasty: The body is in a forest of ice and snow, and the peaches and plums are mixed.

Suddenly, the breeze rose overnight and dispersed into a dry spring in Wan Li. This poem highlights the characteristics of plum blossom, such as cold tolerance, lofty and welcoming the spring. It mainly uses the methods of contrast and contrast. Setting off is a way to make B stand out by describing A.

Set-off is divided into set-off and contrast. For example, in Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, "the roof height18,000 feet, and at this point, it began to turn to the southeast" was used to set off the height of Mount Tianmu. In Pipa Trip, the moon in the river "We saw the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river" set off the charming pipa sound, and "When the river mysteriously widens towards the full moon" set off the sad mood of the characters.

In Ji Xiang Xuanzhi, there is a sharp contrast between "silent court order" and "animism". (2) Various figures of speech, such as Xin Qiji's "Fishing: I have gone to the sea, moved from Hubei to Hunan, and paid tribute to the pavilion on Mount Wang Mai.

How many storms can you save? In a hurry, spring is back. Cherish spring for fear of early blooming, not to mention countless red flowers.

Live in spring, see that there is no turning back at the end of the world. Hate spring and have no words.

It's just diligent, and it's doing everything in Yogyakarta. Nagato incident, quasi-quasi-ceremony and mistakes, the beauty was once jealous.

A thousand dollars to buy each other is like buying a gift, but who complains about this situation? Stop dancing, can't you see that Yuhuan Yanfei is full of dust! Leisure is the hardest. Don't lean on the hedge, the sun goes down, and the flowers are bright.

The main rhetorical methods used by the author in the process of borrowing scenery to express emotion are questioning and comparison. The rhetorical devices used in poetry are roughly the same as those used in other styles. Students should be good at discovering rhetorical devices and explaining their functions.

For example, it is more vivid (just like the strong wind in spring, which blows at night and blows open the petals of 10 thousand pear trees. ); Metaphor personifies things. )

; The rhetorical question is to emphasize (if two people have a long relationship, is it sooner or later? ); Exaggeration is to emphasize and highlight (white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is like a long beard); Duality is to enhance the musical beauty of poetry, express conciseness, express lyricism, and enhance the external formal beauty of poetry (leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I always watch the long river roll forward); In ancient poetry, metonymy and synaesthesia are common rhetorical devices, which students should pay attention to. Pay special attention to the difference between metaphor and analogy (metaphor pays attention to the similarity between different things, analogy pays attention to turning heartless into sentient beings), metonymy is to replace things with related things, such as partially replacing the whole (sails can replace ships, feather forests can replace soldiers), and the difference between duality and contrast (contrast is mainly the opposition or relative of meaning content, regardless of structural form; Duality is mainly symmetry in structural form, which requires the same number of words and the same or similar structure), and attention should be paid to the comprehensive cross-use of various rhetorical devices.

(3) Positive description-combination of dynamic and static, such as Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains": after the rain, the mountains are empty and stand in the autumn night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.

The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.

Zhuan Xu's description of the bright moon in the sky is static, with pine trees covered, clear mountain springs and flowing stones dynamic. Because of the abundant water after the rain, the mountain spring increased its flowing potential, flowed over the stones and made a sound to set off the tranquility in the mountain.

When describing the scenery, the poet pays great attention to the contrast between dynamic and static scenery, which can be combined with static, static and static. The combination of dynamic and static is often related to foil.

For example, Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" and "Looking at Waterfall Hanging in a Thousand Rivers" wrote the first image of looking at the waterfall from a distance, like a huge white practice hanging in the mountains, and the word "hanging" turned into silence. Another example is Wang Wei's "Bird Watching Creek", "People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and spring is empty.

When the moon is full of birds, when the spring stream is singing, "Flowers fall on the moon and birds sing" highlights the quietness of the spring stream, and Wang Ji's "If you are in the Xi" "The cicada forest is quieter and the Yingong Mountain is more secluded." It is also quiet because of the sound and quiet because of the movement.

"Mountain dancing silver snake, original wax figure" is suitable for both movement and movement. (4) Positive description-the combination of reality and fiction is like Liu Yong's Lin Yuling: the cicada mourns, the Changting is late, and the shower begins to rest.

All the accounts are in no mood, and the blue boat is ruined where I miss them. Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it.

Missing thousands of miles of smoke and waves, the evening is heavy. Since ancient times, feelings of sadness and parting are even more worthy of being left out in the cold.

Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only.

Customs are strange, who to talk to. The poem "Where the wine wakes up tonight, there is a lingering moon on the willow bank" envisages a farewell scene: a boat leaves the shore, and the poet wakes up from a drunken dream, only to see the rustling breeze blowing, and the lingering moon hangs on the willow tip, which multiplies the sadness of parting in imagination.

In poetry, "reality" refers to the real image, fact and truth existing in the objective world, and "emptiness" refers to the imaginary scene. The two are interrelated, infiltrated and transformed, which can reach the realm of virtual reality, enrich the images in the poem, open up the artistic conception in the poem and provide readers with a broad aesthetic space.

For example, Li Bai's Tianmu Mountain climbed high in his dream. Now the sun and the moon shine on the gold and silver platform, dressed in colorful clothes, riding the wind, taking the tiger as the piano and the phoenix as the dance, row after row, like the field of hemp, full of fairy shadows, which is an imaginary fairyland. Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand": "Wait for the plum blossoms in the pavilion, the willows in the creek bridge are thin, and the grass is warm and swaying.

Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence.

Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and pedestrians are even outside. Look at realism in the world, and compare the departure of "pedestrians" through the scenes in early spring.

The reality is empty, and the "pedestrian" imagines his wife leaning against the railing and looking into the distance, missing the sad scene of the "pedestrian", thus expressing his feelings of parting incisively and vividly. Li Yu's Yu Meiren, "Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them", "Carved fences and jade bricks" and "Old country" are the scenery in my memory.

In Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow, the virtual scene is "Spring Breeze Ten Miles" and the real scene is "Mai Man Qing", which is even more declining than before. Imagination is the key to virtual writing, and virtuality serves reality.

(5) Positive description-the color is Du Like.

7. What are the description methods of common narratives: 1, narrative 2, explanation 3, argument 4, description 5, lyricism (1)? Narration is the most basic and common expression in writing, and it is the author's narration and account of the development and change of characters experience and events, the transformation of scene and space. (2) description. This is an expression that reappears to readers. It is one of the main forms of narrative writing, especially literary creation. In general lyric, argumentative and expository writing, it is sometimes used as an auxiliary means. If the description method is used well, it can be vivid and vivid, so that readers can feel at home when they see this person and hear his voice. Strongly influenced by art (3) Lyricism is to express and express the author's feelings. It is the main expression in lyric style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression in general literary works and narratives. (4) argument. Argumentative essay means that the author expresses his opinions on a certain discussion object to show his views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. It is often used as an auxiliary means of expression in general narration, discussion or literary works. (5) description. Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some objects to be explained are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, buildings and utensils. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, cultivation, opinions, concepts, principles and technologies.

1, narrative 2, explanation 3, discussion 4, description 5, lyrical (1) narrative. Narration is the most basic and common expression in writing. It is the author's description and explanation of the development and change of characters experience and events, as well as the transformation of scene and space. (2) description. Description is to describe the appearance and shape of the described object. In particular, it is one of the main manifestations of literary creation. In general lyricism, argumentative writing and expository writing, it is sometimes used as an auxiliary means. The description method is well used, vivid and vivid, which makes readers feel strong artistic appeal. (3) Lyricism is to express and express the author's feelings. It is the main expression of lyric style. It is often used as an important auxiliary means of expression. (4) argument. Argumentative essay means that the author expresses his opinions on a certain discussion object to show his views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative writing, it is the main expression; It is often used as an auxiliary means of expression in general narration, discussion or literary works. (5) description. Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some objects to be explained are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, buildings and utensils. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, self-cultivation, viewpoints, concepts, principles, technologies, etc. Grasp the characteristics, grasp the characteristics of scenery by using the method of comparative description of scenery, describe it statically and dynamically, express feelings through scenery description and direct expression of feelings, and fully express thoughts and feelings through emotional scenery description and associative discussion to grasp the main characteristics of things. Use the expression method of summarizing first and then describing concretely to explain the truth through the analysis and generalization of specific cases, use the expression method of comparison, contrast and suggestion to express the ideological quality of characters through their psychological activities, and then use specific narrative methods to speak with images and form a distinct artistic conception with a series of things.

8. What are the expressions of the article (1)? Lyric lyric is to express and express the author's feelings. It is the main expression in lyric style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression in general literary works and narratives. Lyricism is a way to express one's inner feelings directly or indirectly. "Emotions are in words." Lyricism is an important means to impress and infect readers in the article. In narrative works, it is often combined with narration, description and discussion. In argumentative writing, the author seldom expresses his feelings directly, but demonstrates his love and hate through a certain point of view. The use of lyrical expression in narrative can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. (2) Description is an expression that describes the appearance and modality of the object and reproduces it to the reader. Especially one of the main forms of expression in literary creation. Description is a vivid and concrete description of the state of the performance object, with bright colors, strong three-dimensional sense and vivid image, which gives people a vivid and immersive feeling. It is a method of expression with both form and spirit, and it is one of the main forms of expression in writing people, narrating and writing scenery articles. What is a description? Description is description, and writing is imitation. Description is to describe the state of a person or scene with vivid language. This is a common expression in general narration and literary writing. Description is a concrete and vivid description of tasks and things. Its basic feature is to describe images. The expressive effect it pursues is to vividly reproduce the "appearance" of objective things with words, so that readers can see them and hear their voices. As if you were nearby. (3) Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, reasons, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Description methods: giving examples, enumerating figures, comparing, classifying, analogizing, defining, explaining, imitating appearances, quoting materials, drawing charts, etc. (4) Discussion is the author's discussion of something. Express one's views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. Argumentation is an expression of evaluation and argumentation. A complete argument or paragraph usually consists of three elements: argument, argument and argument. Arguments are divided into two categories, namely "arguments" and "refutations". Arguments are called "proof" articles, and refutations are called "proof" articles. It needs clear arguments and thoughtful arguments. Argumentation is characterized by convincing people with reasoning, and directly analyzing, commenting and proving objective things in logical forms such as concept, judgment and reasoning. In daily life, people often use arguments to talk about long and short, and talk about right and wrong. In writing, they should even talk about it in order to exchange ideas, publicize opinions and clarify theories. To influence readers. (5) Narrative is the most basic and common expression in writing. It is the author's narration and explanation of characters experience and events, and the transformation of scene and space. Widely used in writing articles. The order of narration can generally be divided into four types: chronological narration, flashback, interpolation and supplementary narration. Sequential narration, such as the article "Laoshan Border", is based on the passage of time (afternoon-dark-night-dawn the next day-two o'clock in the afternoon-after two o'clock). Flashback a precious shirt, a little thing, thinking of my mother, thinking of a spinning wheel and so on. Suddenly, an incredible picture flashed through my mind. "This has led to the insertion and supplement of the image of a young leap place. For example, in the sixteenth chapter of Water Margin, seven jujube merchants in Huangnigang pine forest robbed the birth class. Seeing this, the reader naturally became suspicious: why can't Yang Zhi and others drink the same barrel of wine? At this time, the author unhurriedly recruited the names of seven people, including Wu Yong and Chao Gai, and introduced the process of pouring out the medicine with smoke screen and face-to-face drinking. In this way, through supplementary narration, the truth of the incident was revealed. ① Expressions are divided into narrative, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion. (2) An article can be based on one expression and use other expressions; 3 There are also related expressions in the composition requirements of hot topics-you can choose one expression and use other expressions comprehensively. Taken together, "expression" should be the method and form used to express thoughts and feelings with language, art, music and action. As for the means of expression, it includes: expressing meaning by things, lyrizing the scene, narrating lyricism, expressing the mind directly, arranging narration, flashback, inserting narration, comparison, expressing ambition, symbol, setting off, imagination, association, care, lyricism in the scene and contradiction.