Meng Changjun and his disciple, Zhao Xiang, King of Qin, broke the Qi-Chu alliance in two ways.
He used hard means for Chu and soft means for alignment. He heard that he was the most powerful minister of Qi, so he invited him to Xianyang and said that he would worship him as the prime minister.
Meng Changjun is a noble of Qi, whose name is Tian Wen. In order to consolidate his position, he specializes in recruiting talents.
He took in all the people who defected to his door and provided for them. Such people are called doormen and diners.
It is said that there are 3000 diners in Meng Changjun's family. Many of them actually have no skills, just making a living.
When Meng Changjun went to Xianyang, he took a large group of public guests. Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, greeted him personally.
Meng Changjun presented a pure white fox robe as a gift. Xiang of the state of Qin knew that it was a very precious silver fox skin and was glad to hide it in the museum.
Xiang of Qin originally wanted to be the prime minister, but someone said to him, "Tian Wen is an aristocrat of Qi, and his men are many. When you become prime minister, you must think of Qi first. Isn't Qin in danger? " Xiang of Qin said, "Well, let's send him back."
They said, "He has lived here for many days and knows the state of Qin like the back of his hand. How can he be released easily? " Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, put Meng Changjun under house arrest. Meng Changjun is very worried. He found that the king of Qin had a favorite concubine around him, so he asked her for help.
The princess sent a message: "it is not difficult for me to talk to the king." I just want a silver fox fur robe. " Meng Changjun consulted with his servants and said, "I have given this to the king of Qin. How can I get it back? " One of the doormen said, "I have an idea.
"That night, the public entered the palace in the dark, found Neiku and stole the fox fur. Meng Changjun gave this fox fur to Qin's favorite concubine.
When the concubine got the fur coat, she persuaded Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, to release Meng Changjun. The king of Qin really agreed, issued customs clearance documents and sent them back.
Meng Changjun got the file and ran to Hangu Pass. He was afraid that the king of Qin would go back on his word, so he changed his name and the name on the document.
It's time to close the door, just in the middle of the night. According to the rules of the state of Qin, every morning, people are not allowed to be released before the cock crows.
Just as everyone was looking forward to the dawn with a sad face, suddenly a janitor picked up his nose and imitated the crow. One after another, all the cocks nearby crowed.
The gatekeeper heard the cock crow, opened the gate, checked the customs documents and let Meng Changjun out. Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, really regretted it and sent someone to Hangu Pass. Meng Changjun has already left.
Meng Changjun returned to Qi and became the prime minister of Qi. There are even more diners under his door.
He divided the guests into several classes: the first-class guests went out by car and horse, the ordinary guests ate fish, and the inferior guests could only eat coarse grains and vegetarian dishes. An old man named Feng Gui (A Feng) was too poor to live any longer, so he went to Meng Changjun and became a diner.
Meng Changjun asked the person in charge: "What skill does this person have?" The steward replied, "He said he was incompetent." Meng Changjun smiled and said, "Leave him."
The steward knows Meng Changjun's meaning, so he treats Feng Gui as a waiting person. A few days later, Feng Gui knocked his sword on the post and sang, "Long sword, let's go home, there is no fish for dinner!" " Meng Changjun Meng Changjun, who is in charge of the report, said, "Give him fish to eat and cook according to the food of ordinary customers! "Five days later, Feng Gui sang again:" Long sword, let's go home, there is no car when we go out! Hearing this, Meng Changjun said to the person in charge, "Get him a car and treat him well.
Five days later, Meng Changjun asked the housekeeper what Uncle Feng had to say. "。 The township head replied, "He is singing again, saying that he has no money to support his family. "
Meng Changjun asked, knowing that Feng Gui's family had an old lady, and he sent someone to give her some food and clothes. Now, Feng Gui really stopped singing.
Meng Changjun has raised so many civil servants that his salary alone is far from enough. He lent money and collected interest from the people in his fief Xuecheng (now southeast of tengxian) to maintain the huge expenses of his family.
One day, Meng Changjun sent Feng Gui to Xuecheng to collect debts. When Feng Gui left, he said goodbye to Meng Changjun and asked, "What do you want to buy when you come back?" Meng Changjun said, "You can buy what my family lacks.
When Feng Gui arrived in Xuecheng, he called all the debtors together and told them to take out the bonds and count them. "。 People are worried that they will not be able to pay off these debts, but Qian Feng wrongly spread Meng Changjun's decision in public: those who don't pay off their debts will be exempted.
People with a grain of salt, Feng Gui simply lit a fire and burned the bonds. Feng Gui rushed back to Linzi and told Meng Changjun about the debt collection.
Meng Changjun was very angry: "You burned all the bonds. What do my three thousand people want to eat? " Feng Gui said unhurriedly, "When I left, didn't you say that you would buy whatever was missing here? I don't think you lack anything else here. What you lacked was the friendship of the people, so I bought it back. " Meng Changjun said unhappily, "Forget it!" Later, Meng Changjun became more and more famous.
Zhao Haoqi of Qin was very worried when he heard that Qi reused Meng Changjun. He secretly sent people to the State of Qi to spread rumors that Meng Changjun had won the hearts of the people and was about to become the king of Qi. Qi? Taekwondo? What happened? Title? Grinding vegetables? What are you talking about? What's the point? South c milling ⒕? Is it sweet? Did you slow down? What's the matter with you? At that time, most of the more than 3,000 customers were scattered, and only Feng Gui followed him and drove him to Xuecheng.
When his chariots and horses were hundreds of miles away from Xuecheng, I saw Xuecheng people, old and young, coming to meet him. Seeing this scene, Meng Changjun was deeply moved.
He said to Feng Gui, "I just saw the friendship you bought me in the past." .
2. Talk about the common sense of ancient literature.
The so-called ancient literature refers to the literature before the May 4th New Culture Movement. Including poetry, ancient prose, novels, biographies and history books. I mainly expound my humble opinion from the aspect of appearance.
Poetry: It can be said that China was a paradise for poetry in ancient times, and the achievements of poetry were beyond the reach of other countries. The Book of Songs is a poem, and Li Sao is an imaginary divine comedy. Han Fu is famous for its parallel prose and gorgeous rhetoric. The Tang Dynasty was a period of poetry. Du Fu wrote a history of poetry, and Li Bai carried forward the art of imagination, which was magnificent and thrilling to read. Until the Song Dynasty, the development of poetry in the direction of Ci was another peak of China ancient literature, and a large number of famous poets emerged, such as Liu Yong's graceful and restrained, Dongpo's bold and unconstrained, Xin Qiji's heroic and so on. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yuanqu was amazing. Since then, three peaks of poetry have been formed, which are insurmountable for future generations.
Ancient prose: The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the most prosperous periods of ancient culture in China, which laid the foundation of various cultures for thousands of years. A hundred schools of thought contend and compete to bloom. You can't see Laozi and Zhuangzi, and the school of "Tao" has been passed down through the ages; Don't look at Confucius and Mencius, cultivate one's morality with Confucianism and govern the country with the family; You see Mozi, "universal love" and "non-aggression" are more "Shang Xian", meritocratic, and the world is praised ... In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Han advocated the ancient prose movement and opened a new chapter in prose ... "Ancient literature view" is the best in the world; "Wen Xin Diao Long", comment on the articles in the world!
In terms of novels, a large number of famous novelists appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, who wrote many masterpieces with a long history. The four classic novels represent the highest achievement of the novel.
Biography: Biography, as a new theme, was not formed until the Tang Dynasty, and there were many biographies in the Ming Dynasty.
History books: There are countless historical masterpieces, such as Historical Records, History as a Mirror, and Twenty-four History.
That's about it. If you need more details, please read the common sense of ancient literature.
3. The poet's interesting short stories of literary common sense
Looking at Lushan Waterfall (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's Rizhao incense burner gave birth to purple smoke, looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth. To Wang Lun (Tang Dynasty), Bai was about to take a boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. Silent Night Thinking (Tang Dynasty) Is there frost in the moonlight in front of Li Bai's window? .
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Qiu Pu Song (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's white hair is three thousands of feet, and his fate is like a song of everlasting regret.
The autumn frost in the mirror comes from nowhere. Li Bai (70 1-762), a native of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, six feet six inches, with the word Taibai, was a famous violet layman and a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, and was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament.
He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy". Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Poet Saint" because two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets soar into the sky. The snow outside the window is Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department.
Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar. Bai Juyi, the word Lotte, is a famous Buddhist in Xiangshan.
Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When he arrived at his great-grandfather, he moved to the summer night (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi).
Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng.
Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75.
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations.
He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. In summer, Su Shi bid farewell to the hospital. It was late in the summer, and the pomegranate was full of curtains.
At noon, the ground was covered with greenery, Su Shi (1037? 1 10 1) A writer and painter in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man.
Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. When Lu You died, he knew that everything was empty, but he looked at Kyushu sadly.
Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice! Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, devoted his life to the just cause of resisting gold and recovering lost land. Although squeezed out and hit by capitulationists, patriotic enthusiasm never waned.
The poem "Shizi" is the last will written by the poet to his son, expressing the poet's deep and strong patriotic feelings of "setting the Central Plains in the north" and unifying the motherland until his death. * * * "Returning to the Garden" Tao Yuanming has no suitable rhyme, and he loves his post by nature. After falling into the dust net by mistake, I have been attached to Lao Lin and missing my hometown for thirteen years. When he reclaimed wasteland in the south, he returned to the garden. ~427), also known as Qian, is bright, and the number is Mr. Wu Liu. Tao Yuanming's masterpiece is The Peach Blossom Garden:>& gt It's like a dream. Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so a deep sleep didn't consume wine. I asked the shutter man, but Haitang is still the same. Know what? Know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
Li Qingzhao (A.D.1084-1151? ), Hao Yi, a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. His father, Li, is proficient in classics and history and is good at prose. His mother Wang can also write.
Influenced by her family, she was gifted at an early age. Li Qingzhao is well versed in poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting and music, with ci as the highest achievement.
The teenager in the middle wall of Boshan Road, picking mulberry seeds, did not know the taste of sorrow and fell in love with the building. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words.
Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty at the age of 67.
The original word Tanfu, renamed You 'an and Jia Xuan, was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong), Han nationality. China is a great poet and patriot in history.
It has the same name as Su Shi and is also called "Su Xin". In history, it is also called "Jinan Er 'an" with Li Qingzhao. Farewell to the viceroy, diameter out of bo, across the wall of three qins, across the fog of five rivers.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place.
Why do you wander at the fork in the road? Wang Bo (649~675), the son and daughter, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word zi an.
Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people. Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty".
4. Ask for some interesting literary knowledge
Chinese characters in China are one of the oldest characters in the world, with a history of about 6,000 years. From the ancient legend of Cangjie's word-making to the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions more than 65,438,000 years ago, China scholars have been trying to uncover the mystery of the origin of Chinese characters.
Regarding the origin of Chinese characters, there are many sayings in China ancient literature, such as "knot rope theory", "gossip theory", "picture theory" and "calligraphy contract theory". Ancient books also generally recorded the legend of Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor who created Chinese characters. Modern scholars believe that systematic writing tools cannot be completely created by one person. If Cang Xie really exists, he should be a text organizer or publisher.
Guo Moruo and Yu, the historians and ancient philologists of the older generation in China, once thought that the generation of Chinese characters can be traced back to the Yangshao culture in Banpo 6000 years ago, and the formation of Chinese characters was in the middle of 3000 BC. A eclectic view holds that Chinese characters "germinated among the people" in the late primitive society 6000 years ago, and "formed a relatively complete writing system" in the middle and late Xia Dynasty 4000 years ago.
In recent years, due to the rapid development of archaeological work, many new clues have been provided for exploring the origin of China characters. The Excavation Report of Xi 'an Banpo published by 1963 initially pointed out that the depiction symbols on Yangshao culture pottery may be related to the origin of characters. The absolute age of the half slope type of Yangshao culture is about 4000 BC.
From 1984 to 1987, a symbolic tortoise shell and a symbolic stone tool were unearthed in several tombs of Jiahu site in Wuyang County, Henan Province. The shape of this symbol is very similar to that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. The site dates back to 5500 BC.
In recent decades, Chinese archaeologists have published a series of unearthed materials about the origin of Chinese characters earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins. These materials mainly refer to the symbols carved or drawn on pottery in the late primitive society and the early slave society, and also include a few symbols carved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, jade and stone tools. It can be said that they provide a new basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters.
Chinese characters are a writing system of independent origin, independent of any foreign language. However, its origin is not single. After many times and long-term running-in, probably in the early summer, our ancestors creatively invented the writing symbol system of recording language on the basis of extensively absorbing and using early symbols. At that time, the Chinese character system matured rapidly.
According to reports, according to the written materials unearthed from archaeological excavations, China had a formal written language at least in the Xia Dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze ritual vessels used in Yin Ruins are the earliest mature written materials found in China.
5. Interesting stories about literature
What is literature? Literature is human studies.
Literature is a reflection of people's daily life and a representation of the relationship between man and nature. Literature can not only reveal the essence of life, but also reflect people's emotions.
Without literature, human life will become boring. Therefore, great writers are engineers of the human soul.
Lu Xun is a great writer, thinker and literary master in the 20th century. His influence and contribution to modern culture in China is enormous. Lu Xun wrote a lot of essays in his life, and created a series of short stories such as Diary of a Madman and The True Story of Ah Q, which exposed the "cannibalism" essence of traditional society and various hidden diseases of modern society. Shakespeare is an outstanding poet and a great playwright. His life is rough, but it is also a brilliant life.
His sonnets are a model of the world's sonnets. His plays are the first of their kind, especially his four famous tragedies and comedies.
Hamlet has enjoyed a high reputation for hundreds of years since it was put on the stage! Shakespeare's dramatic art has influenced the whole world, and his works are regarded as the treasures of human art. A Dream of Red Mansions with millions of words is the unsurpassed peak of China's classical novels and occupies a place in the history of world literature.
As long as China literature is mentioned, A Dream of Red Mansions and Cao Xueqin cannot be ignored. Cao Xueqin's life is a life of ups and downs.
No matter how poor he is, he will never give up the deep and sharp pen in his hand. It is in this spirit that Cao Xueqin left a treasure for China literature-A Dream of Red Mansions. There are many giants who have influenced world literature, and Goethe is one of them.
His poetic drama Faust has become one of the most influential masterpieces in the history of world literature with its profound thoughts and almost perfect artistic expression. Goethe is also a thinker and art theorist.
He participated in and led the influential "Hurricane Movement" and made indelible contributions to the "Renaissance" in Germany. Balzac, the greatest French critical realism writer, used his own pen to describe the whole picture of French society in the19th century. He wrote nearly a hundred novels in his life, which is called "human comedy".
Andersen, a world-famous fairy tale master, has created a lot of artistic treasures for children of all ethnic groups in the world, and his works have influenced generations. The Little Match Girl, The Ugly Duckling, The Daughter of the Sea, The Emperor's New Clothes, etc. , are immortal masterpieces.
Russia is a great country in world literature, and Russian literature has a great influence on world literature. Tolstoy is a peak of Russian literature.
He devoted his whole life to the propaganda of Tolstoy, and created the famous War and Peace, Resurrection and Anna karenin. As a master of short stories, Mark Twain left a wealth of works of art for world literature.
Hemingway initiated the style of American "tough guy" literature. Hemingway's famous saying is: "Better be destroyed than defeated." This idea is vividly reflected in The Old Man and the Sea.
6. An ancient literary common sense
This is Wuyan in the Spring and Autumn Period of Zhong Wuyan, whose real name is Zhong Lichun. He is extremely ugly, with deep eyes, long fingers, big joints, patent leather and a loud voice like a night owl, so he is still displaced in his 40 s.
But don't underestimate her. This humble ordinary girl seems to have no ambition, but she can spend the most energy and time thinking.
When other folk women began to dress up and paint, she did nothing; When other women frequently serve their in-laws, she does nothing; When other women are running around and jumping around the children, she is doing nothing. People have a big project to capture men and run a family, but she doesn't.
However, this girl is not weak. She has some private projects under way, and this is how steel is made. On this day, Wuyan summoned up the courage to find Qi Xuanwang in Linzi. He said brazenly, "I admire your majesty's virtue. I am willing to take a broom and obey your orders."
In fact, if Wuyan were a beautiful woman, she would die. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the country was not afraid of anything but agents.
At that time, people were free to flow, and within three days, great talents would go to both ends: don't be afraid of distress; I'm afraid I can't sleep. Here, 1/3 is sincere refuge, 1/3 is a spy, and 1/3 is a double spy.
Among them, the beauty spy is the most dangerous. Once you fall into the trap, you will be boiled into dregs by the enemy. Therefore, when Qi Xuanwang sees a beautiful woman introducing herself, she suspects that people are unfriendly, and she usually interrupts her.
But salt can't be a spy no matter how ugly it is. Qi Xuanwang couldn't help laughing when he saw that there was no salt.
No salt said solemnly, "Your Majesty, you are too dangerous, too dangerous." Qi Xuanwang asked her to talk about it.
No salt, look up, look around, grind your teeth, wave your hand and caress your knees. Everyone was stunned and puzzled.
Without salt, he sold the prison and said, "Looking up is to look at the bonfire around; Gnashing one's teeth is a never-ending way to remonstrate on behalf of the king; Waving is to get rid of traitors on behalf of the king; Knee caressing is a gradual step for the king to dismantle extravagance ... "Qi Xuanwang couldn't stand this kind of cajoling, so she had to marry Wuyan and make her queen. Under the guidance of salt-free, Qi became the most powerful "country of thousands of riders" and Linzi became the cultural center of the Warring States.
Wuyan is a famous woman with no appearance but virtue. Huangdi, Xu Yunfeng, Zhuge Liang, Hongliang and others have also married such women, but they have never heard of men envious of them. Presumably, people without salt are not really happy.
She is a symbol, symbol and symbol of Qi, and also a wife, teacher and courtier. She won't be a lover. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to serving the country, but he had no home; Hong Liang, Meng Guang and Qi Mei, they have been pursuing each other all their lives, and they are bored to death-marrying them is not necessarily happy.
However, if you are congenitally deficient, you can no longer expect to get the love of men and women, and you can only win back your home and realize your ambition by the acquired wisdom.