The working principle of glass lifter Many automobile doors and windows have given up the crank manual lifting mode, and generally adopt the button electric lifting mode, that is, the electric glass lifter. Automobile electric glass lifter is mostly composed of motor, reducer, guide rope, guide plate and glass mounting bracket. Due to the different materials or manufacturing processes of the guide rope, it can be divided into three kinds of electric glass lifters: rope wheel type, flexible shaft type and plastic belt type. The former uses steel wire rope as guide rope, while the latter uses plastic belt as guide rope.
Take the commonly used rope wheel electric glass lifter as an example. It consists of a motor, a reducer, a steel wire rope, a guide plate and a glass mounting bracket. During installation, the door and window glass is fixed on the glass mounting bracket, and the glass guide groove is parallel to the steel wire rope guide plate. Start the motor, which drives the reducer to output power, pulls the wire rope to move the glass mounting bracket, and forces the door and window glass to move up and down in a straight line. The guide rope of plastic belt electric glass lifter is a plastic belt with holes, which is used to move and position the plastic belt and control the lifting of door and window glass.
The key structure of electric glass lifter is motor and reducer, which are assembled into a whole. The motor adopts reversible permanent magnet DC motor, and there are two groups of magnetic field coils with different winding directions inside the motor. Through the control of the switch, it can rotate back and forth, that is, it can control the rise or fall of the door and window glass. The motor is controlled by double switch buttons and has three working states: up, down and off. When the switch is not operated, it will automatically stop in the "off" position. The control circuit is provided with a main switch (central control) and an auxiliary switch connected in parallel. The driver controls the opening and closing of all door and window glasses on the main switch, and the passenger controls the opening and closing of all door and window glasses on the auxiliary switch in the door handle, which is very convenient to operate.
Classification arm type and flexible type
The window glass lifter is structurally divided into an arm glass lifter and a flexible glass lifter. Among them, the arm glass lifter includes a single arm glass lifter and a double arm glass lifter. Flexible glass lifter includes rope wheel glass lifter, belt glass lifter and flexible shaft glass lifter.
Arm glass elevator
Cantilever support structure and gear plate mechanism are adopted, which has great working resistance. Its transmission mechanism is gear disc and meshing transmission. Except the gear, its main parts are plate structure, which is convenient to process and low in cost. Currently widely used in family cars.
Single-arm glass lifter
Its structural feature is that there is only one lifting arm, and the structure is the simplest. However, because the relative position between the support point of the lifting arm and the center of mass of the glass often changes, the glass will tilt and stick when lifting. This structure is only applicable to the case where both sides of the glass are parallel straight edges.
Double-arm glass lifter
Its structural feature is that it has two lifting arms, which can be divided into parallel arm elevator and cross arm elevator according to the arrangement of the two arms. Compared with the single-arm glass lifter, the double-arm glass lifter can ensure the glass to rise and fall in parallel, and the lifting force is greater. Among them, the horizontal arm glass lifter has large support width, stable movement and wide application. However, the structure of the parallel arm glass lifter is relatively simple and compact. However, due to the small width of the support and the great change of working load, the motion stability is not as good as the former.
Rope wheel type glass lifter is composed of pinion, sector gear, steel wire rope, transport bracket, pulley, pulley and seat plate gear meshing. The pulley fixedly connected to the sector gear is driven to drive the steel wire rope, and the tightness of the steel wire rope can be adjusted through the tensioner. Elevator has few parts, light weight, easy processing and small space, and is often used in small cars.
Belt elevator
Its flexible shaft adopts plastic perforated belt, and other parts are mostly plastic products, which greatly reduces the weight of elevator assembly. Its transmission mechanism is coated with grease, so it does not need maintenance when used, and the movement is stable. The position of the crank can be freely set, designed, installed and adjusted.
Cross-arm glass lifter
It consists of a seat plate, a hairspring, a sector toothed plate, an adhesive tape, a glass bracket, a driving arm, a driven arm, a guide groove plate, a gasket, a movable spring, a crank and a pinion shaft.
Flexible glass lifter
The transmission mechanism of the flexible automobile glass lifter is the meshing transmission between the gear and the flexible shaft, which has the characteristics of "flexibility", so it is flexible and convenient to install, simple in structural design, compact in structure and light in overall weight.
Flexible shaft elevator
It mainly consists of a window motor, a flexible shaft, a forming shaft sleeve, a sliding supports, a support mechanism and a sheath. When the motor rotates, the sprocket at the output end meshes with the outer contour of the flexible shaft to drive the flexible shaft to move in the forming shaft sleeve, so that the sliding supports connected with the door window glass moves up and down along the guide rail in the bracket mechanism, thus achieving the purpose of lifting the glass.
Common faults of automobile glass lifting 1. When the car is driving on the bumpy road, the car glass will make abnormal noise.
Cause: the screw or buckle is loose; There is a foreign body inside the door; There is a gap between the glass and the inner bead. To solve this glitch, it is only necessary to clean the foreign body, fasten the glass, fix the screw or replace the inner bead in time.
Specific countermeasures:
(1) Loose screw/retaining ring. Including glass fixing screws, lifting guide rail fixing screws, door decoration buckles, other screws in the door decoration board, etc.
(2) The door trim panel is disturbed by foreign objects. Such as business cards, coins, etc. , need cleaning.
(3) There is a gap between the glass and the inner bead. Tighten the glass fixing screw or replace the decorative strip.
2. The glass makes abnormal sound during lifting.
Cause analysis: First, the guide rail of the glass lifter is abnormal, just clean the guide rail and apply some lubricating oil; The other is the failure of the glass lifter assembly, which needs to be replaced.
(1) Abnormal sound from the guide rail of the glass lifter. The main reason is that the screw is loose, or the glass lifting guide rail is too dirty to be lubricated. After cleaning the guide rail, it can be improved by applying grease.
(2) The parts of the glass lifter are faulty. Such as stay wires, guide rails, sliders and the like. These parts are damaged. Usually, only the glass lifter assembly can be replaced, and few individual parts can be replaced.
3. The difficulty in lifting the glass is one of the problems most reflected by car owners, and some car owners even need manpower to lift the glass. Cause analysis: a kind of glass tape is aging and deformed, and needs to be replaced with a new sealing strip. If it is not serious, it should be lubricated with talcum powder. First, the glass lifting guide rail is too dirty and has foreign bodies, which need to be cleaned and lubricated; The other is that the motor fails or the battery is low, so it is necessary to charge or replace the motor.
(1) The aging, dirt and deformation of glass ribbon (including inner beads) will form resistance to the rise or fall of glass. General aging, deformation, etc. It is best to replace the sealing strip with a new one. If it is too dirty, just clean it directly. Spray some surface wax or talcum powder on the glass sealing strip (for lubrication) can generally achieve good results.
(2) The glass lifting guide rail is too dirty. The same problem is lubrication. Cleaning the glass lifting guide rail and applying grease can eliminate the fault.
(3) Pay attention to whether the battery is low. Raising the glass when the engine is not started will consume battery power. If the battery is too low, it will be difficult to lift the glass.
(4) Motor failure. If there is enough electricity and there is no resistance, it is difficult to lift it. It is probably a motor failure.
(5) The glass lifter is out of order. Including glass lifting guide rail failure, cable failure, slider failure, etc. , only the glass lifter can be replaced.
(6) The glass ribbon is not suitable. It is true that some car glass tapes are not suitable. At this point, you can adjust the shape of the tape by DIY with scissors and a knife.
If the glass lifter rises by half, it will automatically descend.
Cause analysis: It may be the problem of sealant tape or glass lifter. Generally, cars equipped with anti-pinch function of window glass will encounter these problems.
The maintenance knowledge of automobile glass lifter should first pay attention to the drainage hole, automobile glass and skylight.
Second: reduce resistance. The resistance is very small when descending, and it is important to reduce the resistance when ascending. When the glass becomes dirty, the resistance is very great, especially in dusty areas. Touching the glass by hand after the rain feels very astringent, and when the glass falls, it will bring dust to the sealing strip, which has greater resistance. It is very important to clean the car or glass in time. Try not to make it hard. When the resistance is high, reduce the lifting times.
Three, when using glass lifting, pay attention to when the glass reaches the top or bottom, timely release the switch. Don't hold back. Many people have the habit of being afraid that the window will not close properly. The glass is obviously closed, so we need to see if it is closed correctly again. This habit is not good. You know, if you insist on doing this, it's easy to restrain injuries. Motor, steel wire, track, etc. Everyone held their breath, except for the fragile one that broke first, and there were four windows that automatically lifted and lowered.
Fourth, see if you are a car lover. Spray four cups of instrument wax when you are free, which can greatly reduce the resistance. If your car is old and the glass doesn't lift as fast as before, you can try spraying some wax on the instrument, most of which can be recovered. Fifth, reduce unnecessary use. Frequent tossing will definitely break down soon. All these things have a useful life.
Sixth, as long as you pay attention to the use, there is generally no need to replace the glass lifter, except for quality problems. Low-end cars may need to be replaced, but the less we can do, the better.
Million car purchase subsidy