Li Longji was born in Wuyin, Luoyang, the eastern capital, in autumn and August of the first year of Hanggong (685). When he was born, his father Li Dan was the emperor and his mother Dou Shi was the princess. This is the eventful autumn of the Tang Dynasty. In the year before his arrival, his grandmother Wu Zetian and Pei Yan abandoned his uncle Tang Zhongzong and became the king of Luling, and his father Li Dan and Yu Wang were made emperors. Zong Rui, known as the monarch of the Tang Dynasty, was in his prime, but he could only live in another temple and was not allowed to listen to politics. However, Wu Zetian, who is over 60 years old, still faces the court and is arbitrary in military affairs. After suppressing the Yangzhou Rebellion in Xu Jingye, Wu Zetian became an informer, and many opponents in the imperial clan and courtiers in the Tang Dynasty were persecuted. The history books say that "since the suspension of the arch, cruel officials have been appointed in the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty to punish hundreds of nobles, followed by hundreds of ministers, whose secretariat and rank are countless." During the Yongchang period (689), Wu Zetian ordered Li Longji to adopt Li Hong as his son, and let him live in incense. In the second year (690), when Li Longji was five years old, his father Li Dan was abandoned by his grandmother Wu and moved to the East Palace.

At the beginning of the second year (69 1), Li Longji, the seven-year-old king of Chu, began to become a monk and set up a family of officials. In August of this year, Fan Yunxian, a regular servant of the imperial court, met the prince privately because Pei Fei, the supervisor of Fang, bowed. When Wu Zetian knew about it, she killed them and forbidden Zong Rui to meet with ministers or ministers. Brother Xuanzong and his uncle Li Xian's three sons joined the cabinet again. "They were all shut up in the palace and stayed in the palace for more than ten years." In the twelfth lunar month (693), Li Longji was renamed King Linzi. This year, his mother, Dou Fei, was vilified by the household servants as "the curse of disgusting methods". After the second dynasty of the first month, she and Liu Fei were secretly killed in the palace, and I don't know where they were buried. In August of this year, his father was also falsely accused of "conspiracy", and Wu Zetian ordered the cruel officials to come to the court for trial. Fortunately, Tai Changgong An Jincang delivered a caesarean section, "to prove that the imperial heirs are not rebellious" and saved the day. According to historical records, Mrs. Dou Lufu and Mrs. Menstrual Dou, another concubine of Li Dan, raised and cared for those who lost their young mother.

In April of the second year of Jinglong (708), it was also the secretariat of Luzhou. Li Longji was claustrophobic in the palace for seven years. In the second year of the solar calendar (699), at the age of fourteen, he became a monk with his brothers again. At this time, Wu Zetian was old. After the admonition of De and others, she gave up the idea of establishing Wu as a prince. Li Xian was brought back to Luoyang, still a prince, and the heir was called the king. During the reign of Chang 'an (70 1-704), Li Longji first served as the right commander in the pro-Wei mansion, and later as an imperial envoy, in charge of the emperor's leisure horses inside and outside. During this period, courtiers headed by Zhang Jian launched a dragon coup, killing Wu Zetian's Toy Boy and Zhang Yizhi brothers and forcing her to give way to Zhongzong. Li Longji witnessed a coup in his later years. In the fourth year (7 10), Jinglong returned to Chang 'an, the capital of Shanxi Province, from Luzhou. He secretly gathered talents and developed his power in the emperor's pro-army riding. When Emperor Taizong was in power, every official and brave man was chosen to wear tiger-patterned clothes, cross leopard-patterned spears, hunt from safari and shoot animals in front of horses, which was called Hundred Rides. Wu Zetian increased to thousand riding, and Li developed to ten thousand riding. Li Longji attaches great importance to the role of Wan Qi.

After the death of Wu Zetian, Li Xian was weak, and political power slowly fell into the hands of Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle. Zhang Jian, the heroic prime minister who staged a coup to restore the Tang Dynasty, was also demoted and expelled, and Prince Li Zhongjun was killed. Empress Wei followed the example of Wu Zetian and let her brother Wei Wenju take power. Instead of stopping her daughter Princess Anle from illegally selling official titles, she indulged. Jinglong four years (7 10), Zhongzong finally died in the hands of Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle who plotted to poison him. Then, Wei Ruyun wants to learn from her mother-in-law Wu Zetian and be the second queen. Li Longji (Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), who has been waiting for Wei Ruyun to start work, and his aunt, Xue Chongjian, the son of Princess Taiping, and the director Zhong Shaojing conspired to strike first. It was suggested that the coup should be reported to Wang Xiang in advance. Li Longji said confidently, "I wanted to save the country, the monarch and the founding father, and my success was attributed to the ancestral temple and the country. When I failed, I died of loyalty and filial piety, and I didn't bring Wang Xiang into trouble. How can you report this and worry Wang Xiang? Now it is reported that if Wang Xiang agrees, he will be involved in a dangerous uprising; If he doesn't approve, my plan will fail. " So, I decided to act immediately behind the king's back.

In the first year of Tang Long (7 10), Li Longji and others entered the Forbidden Park in casual clothes and came to the residence of the director Zhong Shaojing. At this time, Zhong Shaojing repented and refused to participate in the coup. But his wife, Xu, said firmly, "God will help you if you forget to live or die. Since I participated in the conspiracy, even if I did not participate in the substantive mutiny, it was inevitable. " Zhong Shaojing then visited Li Longji. After nightfall, Wan Qiguo's wise men, Ge Fushun, Chen and other officers came one after another, demanding orders. Finally, the coup was scheduled for July 2 1 day. That night, Ge Fushun raided Yulin Camp, killed Wei Kuo,, and rebelled against Yulin Army, and broke into Xuande Gate. Li Xianxuan also led the troops into the White Beast Gate and joined forces at Lingyange on the third night. Li Longji led his troops into the camp and said, "Wei poisoned the first emperor in order to kill the country. We should kill Zhu Wei together tonight. " The warriors guarding the inner palace turned and fled, and Wei Hou escaped into the Pegasus Camp and was beheaded. Zong Chuke, Princess Anle, Wu Yanxiu, Shangguan Waner and others were also killed one after another, and the personnel of Webster's Group were searched throughout the city. Anyone who is taller than a whip is put to death. This is the famous "Tang Long Political Revolution" in history. At this time, Li Longji reported the change of Tang Long to Wang Xiang. King Xiang held Li Longji in his arms and cried, "You put down the disaster in the ancestral temple country, and the gods and the people depend on your strength." On the same day, Longji was renamed Ping Wang, who was also the supervisor of the temple. He, like Zhongshu, has both ends meet. Li Longji and Princess Taiping forced Li Zhongmao to abdicate, and Li Dan was reinstated by Zong Rui. Zong Rui and the minister discussed the establishment of the prince. According to the eldest son inheritance system, Li Xian, the eldest son of the Song Dynasty, should be a prince, but Li Xian resolutely gave in and said: "National security comes first, national crisis comes first; Wang Ping has contributed to the country and he will never be above Wang Ping. " The heroes who participated in the elimination of the Wei Party also advocated the establishment of a prince. Zong Rui followed suit and made Li Longji the prince.

Relying on her support for Zong Rui, Princess Taiping often intervened in political affairs. She thinks Prince Li Longji is very clever and prevents herself from participating in politics. She always wants to change the prince. Li Longji certainly doesn't want to be fooled, but she also wants to get rid of Princess Taiping. When Zong Rui was in trouble for the first time, he first listened to Princess Taiping's opinion, and then asked the prince's opinion. Later, I became more and more inclined to the prince. In February of the second year of Jing Yun (7 1 1), Zong Rui ordered the prince to supervise the country, and all the crimes except official crimes and acts were punished by the prince. In July of his first year of birth (712), Zong Rui abdicated to the prince. Although Princess Taiping urged Zong Rui not to give up the power to handle major policies, it didn't help. Princess Taiping's main rival is Prince Li Longji. At first, she didn't take him seriously, thinking that he was still young, but after learning about Li Longji's courage and determination, she began to watch out for him. She created a public opinion that Li Longji is not the eldest son, and he is not qualified to be a prince, let alone inherit the throne. Princess Taiping's aim is to abolish Li Longji's status as a prince. After Li Longji became a prince, the contradiction with Princess Taiping became more and more serious. In the first month of the second year of Jingyun (7 1 1), Princess Taiping invited the Prime Minister to Guangfanmen, Zheng Xuan Hall, and brazenly advised the Prime Minister to be a prince, but Song Jing sternly refused and the plot failed. The contradiction and struggle between Princess Taiping and the Crown Prince is getting more and more serious, and Zong Rui is uneasy about it. In February, he heard the warlock say that "there will be urgent soldiers entering the palace in five days", which made him more aware of the seriousness of the situation, so he issued an imperial decree and ordered the prince to supervise the country. Jingyun three years (7 12), Li Dan was afraid that things would go on like this, and Li Tang would be in chaos. Despite the opposition of Princess Taiping, she resolutely gave the throne to Li Longji and changed her mind. However, he still holds the power of state affairs: the appointment and dismissal of government officials above the third class and the power of military and political decision-making. Li Dan's abdication aggravated the contradiction between Li Longji and Princess Taiping. Both sides are accumulating strength to get rid of each other.

It is said that Princess Taiping, Dou Huaizhen, Cenxi, Xiao Zhizhong, Cui Kun, Prince Shaobao Xue Ji, Chang's Li Jin (the grandson of cousin Li Deliang), the Chinese calligrapher Li Yan, the right scattered rider Jia, the crack hon temple secretary, the left Yulin general Chang Yuankai, and the right Yulin military general Li Ying. There are even plans to poison Li Longji's diet. Wei Zhigu reported it to Li Longji. After consulting with Wang Cong, Zhang Shuo and Cui Yong, they decided to strike first, so they called their younger brothers Wang Qi Li Fan, Wang Xue Ye Li and Guo Yuanzhen, Longwu General Wang Maozhong and Shaojian Jiang Jiao in the temple, and a teacher and a young girl Li Lingwen, Shang Cheng Feng Yu Wang Shouyi (also the brother-in-law of Xuanzong), in-service Gao Lishi and Guo Yi Li Shoude took the lead.

In the second year of his birth (7 13), Li Longji ordered Wang Maozhong to arm more than 300 soldiers, each riding a horse. Led by Li himself, Gao Lishi, Guo Yi, and other cronies. He first killed Chang Yuankai and Li Ci, the generals of Yu Lin, and captured Jia, the regular rider of Princess Taiping, and Li You, a calligrapher in China, and then killed Cenxi and Xiao Zhizhong, the prime ministers. Shang Shu's right servant shot Dou Huaizhen and committed suicide in chaos. Princess Taiping saw that her henchmen were exhausted, so she had to flee to the Buddhist temple and come back three days later. Emperor Li Dan came forward to ask Li Longji to pardon him for his death, but Li Longji refused, and Princess Taiping was finally given a gift to die at home, which was a "congenital coup". From then on, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty finally mastered the power that the emperor should have. This year, Li Longji changed his country name to Kaiyuan, which showed his determination to create great achievements in the Tang Dynasty. Main entrance: Kaiyuan Shi Sheng

Although Li Longji completely consolidated the imperial power after clearing Princess Taiping, the situation at that time was not optimistic: the mutiny greatly hurt the vitality of the imperial court, and the chaos and corruption in official administration needed to be dealt with urgently. Therefore, Li Longji said, we should appoint people on their merits and promote talented people as prime ministers. In this regard, Li Longji has a keen eye and can select talents according to the needs of the times. Such as Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiuling. In the early years of Kaiyuan, the country needed to set things right and get on the right track. Li Longji took a fancy to the resourceful and decisive Yao Chong. When they met in Weichuan, Li Longji proposed that he be the prime minister, and Yao Chong put forward "ten things to say" to Li Longji. Xuanzong accepted them one by one, and he also agreed. "Ten things to say" include: don't be greedy for sideline business, speak freely, reward honest officials, don't make the royal family monopolize power, don't make eunuchs monopolize power, etc. Li Longji basically adopted Yao Chong's suggestion. After Yao Chong came to power, he helped Li Longji exile heroes, put an end to crooked ways and punished consorts. Yao Chong also presided over the control of locust plague in the early years of Kaiyuan. At that time, the locust plague was serious in the north and south of the Yellow River, and the crops were seriously affected. Yao Chong is well aware that if locusts cannot be eliminated in time, it will not only bring huge economic losses and disasters to the people, but also be vital to national stability. He personally commanded and ordered all counties to go all out to eliminate locusts and reward them for their meritorious service. Under his vigorous promotion, the plague of locusts did not continue to spread and was quickly stopped. After the country is gradually on the right track, Li Longji will implement the rule of law. At this time, Yao Chong, who cracked down on his political opponents, took bribes, and formed cliques, stepped down. Li Longji took a fancy to Song Jing, who was honest and frank and principled. During his administration, he spoke out, ignored personal kindness, was strict with himself, and insisted on continuing to implement the good system of Yao Chong. He also attaches great importance to the selection and appointment of talents. Although he holds the power of state affairs, he never breaks the law. On the contrary, he is stricter with his relatives. Finally, Song Jing was dismissed because of her work mistakes and being too old-fashioned.

After Song Jing was deposed, Zhang took his place. Soon, Zhang, who is both civil and military, took its place. After Zhang took office, the border guards were reduced by 200,000 militarily, and the officers and men system was changed to the recruitment system. Politically, the prime minister's organization was reformed, and the "yamen" was changed to "under the Chinese book door", which increased the power of the Chinese book province. Politically, he led Ren Li Teachers College (later renamed Jixian Hall College). With the help of Zhang, Kaiyuan reached its peak. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), under the auspices of Zhang, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held a amenorrhea ceremony in Taishan. Several prime ministers after Zhang said that they were dismissed because of discord. Zhang Jiuling, the last saint of Kaiyuan, was from Guangdong. At that time, Guangdong was called Lingnan, not a developed area, and criminals were often exiled there as a sign of punishment. So in people's eyes, it is a desolate and hard place. People born in Guangdong have rarely been officials in North Korea in past dynasties, so it is difficult for people there to be senior officials like prime ministers in North Korea. But Zhang Jiuling was attracted by Xuanzong because of his outstanding talent. After Zhang Jiuling became prime minister, he also valued people's morality and talents like Xuanzong, not their origins. When the official department participated in the selection of officials, it always advocated fair selection of talents before use. At the same time, for Xuanzong's fault, he also pointed out in time and tried to persuade him, and did not hide the truth because Xuanzong was grateful to himself.

Li Longji not only has an eye for talents, but also reorganizes the bureaucracy and improves its efficiency. He has taken many effective measures. First, he streamlined the organization, cut redundant staff and abolished many useless officials since Wu Zetian, which not only improved efficiency, but also saved government expenses. Second, establish a strict assessment system and strengthen the management of local officials. Every October, provincial judges are sent to various places to inspect people's feelings and correct officials who violate the law, hell to pay. Third, the system of remonstrating officials and historians attending the meeting of prime ministers will be restored. This was a system in the period of Emperor Taizong, which allowed remonstrators and historians to participate in the discussion and supervision of state affairs. At the end of Wu Zetian's reign, Xu Jingzong and Li Yifu were promoted to prime ministers, and some things were afraid to be made public, so this system was abolished. Fourth, attach importance to the appointment and removal of county orders. Li Longji believes that county officials are at the forefront of state governance, dealing directly with the people and representing the national image. Therefore, Li Longji often visits county officials personally to see if they are really competent. If you do well in the exam, you can be promoted immediately. If you fail to live up to expectations, you will be fired immediately. Li Longji knows people well, rewards and punishments are clear, and he is capable and decisive, which is the main reason why he can create a prosperous new century. After creating a prosperous era, Li Longji gradually began to satisfy and indulge in pleasure. There is no previous fighting spirit, and there is no frugality in the reform. Honest Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling and others were successively dismissed from office, and Li climbed into the phase. Li can guess the meaning best. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Li Longji wanted to return to Chang 'an from Luoyang, but Zhang Jiuling and others said that the autumn harvest was not over yet, which would disturb people and affect production. After Li left Zhang Jiuling, he told him that Chang 'an and Luoyang are His Majesty's East Palace and West Palace. Your Majesty can come and leave whenever he wants, and there is no need to wait any longer. As for obstructing farmers' autumn harvest, it is enough to give them tax exemption.

In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Li Longji abandoned his third son, Prince Li Ying, Li Yao, King of Hubei, and Li Cong, King of Guang, as Shu Ren and killed them, and changed his third son, King Li Gui, into a prince. In the same year, Wu Huifei died, and Li Longji was restless day and night. Although there are many beautiful women in the harem, none of them can satisfy him. It is said that Yang Yuhuan, the concubine of Li Mao, the son of Wu Huifei, was very beautiful and gorgeous, so she was recruited into the palace regardless of any etiquette. Yang Yuhuan knows the melody, is also very smart, can sing and dance, and is very popular with Xuanzong.

In August of the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Yang Yuhuan was registered as an imperial concubine. Li Longji tried her best to please the imperial concubine. In order to cater to her love of clothes, more than 700 people specially served the imperial concubine to make clothes for her. In order to let her eat her favorite litchi, Li Longji also ordered to open a thousand miles tribute road from Lingnan to Chang 'an, the capital of China, so that litchi could be transported to Chang 'an by fast horses in time, because litchi would go bad within five days after picking. Yang Guifei was born in the south and likes to eat this kind of food. With Yang Guifei, luxury goods in Li Longji are becoming more and more prosperous. In order to please the emperor, ministers, nobles and imperial clan voted for Yang Guifei in succession. As a result, everyone who made her happy was promoted, which in turn stimulated more bureaucrats and nobles to pander and compete for food and precious jewelry. Under the influence of his cousin's relationship and his excellent financial ability, Yang also rose all the way and became the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. Yang Guifei's sisters also benefited. The elder sister was named Mrs. Han, the third sister was named Mrs. Guo and the eighth sister was named Mrs. Qin. Other brothers were also rewarded and became senior officials in North Korea. Yang's strength is unparalleled, and the glorious period of brother and sister also laid the groundwork for the tragic ending in the future.

Under Yang's autocratic power, the whole Tang Dynasty began to be chaotic. It can be said that the decline of the Tang Dynasty was wrong, but the Yang brothers and sisters, especially Yang, did not play a positive role. His evil deeds did not bring good luck to his sister, but sent her to the point of no return. Beauty is not a sin, but a cause. Under Yang's rule, the first is the chaos of state affairs. The political chaos in North Korea has affected the national economy. Main items: An Shi Rebellion and Ma Wei Rebellion.

Li Longji didn't realize the crisis in the Tang Dynasty, but instead launched a series of wars. Political corruption and darkness affected the generals' desire to seek official positions. In order to wage war, in order to win awards for meritorious service in the war, many generals in the border town wantonly provoked, making the border war continue, and Li Longji's belligerence added fuel to the fire. The initial situation of border stability was broken again, which eventually led to the Anshi rebellion and the Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened. First, the relationship between the West and Tubo deteriorated, and there were casualties after the war, which destroyed the traditional harmonious and friendly relations. The second is Nanzhao Prefecture in the southwest. Due to the arrogance of the border generals, the conflict that should have been resolved escalated. As a result, the Tang Dynasty recruited soldiers and Nanzhao went to war. As many as 200,000 Tang soldiers died in battle and died of illness.

In the 14th year of Tianbao (February 65438+ 16, 755), on the ninth day of November, An Lushan, who was also the envoy of Fan Yang, Pinglu and Hedong, took advantage of the emptiness and corruption of the Tang Dynasty to unite with Luo, Qi Dan, Shi Wei, Turkic and other ethnic groups to form a * *15,000 soldiers, claiming to be 2000. At that time, the Tang Dynasty had a long history and the people didn't know how to fight. Counties in Hebei immediately collapsed, and local county magistrates fled or surrendered.

In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the rebels occupied Chang 'an, and the Tang general Ge Zhen guarded Tongguan. Although he has nearly 200,000 troops, it is a temporary assembly and lacks combat effectiveness. But Xuanzong and Yang didn't trust Ge Shuhan and sent eunuchs to force him to send troops. As a result, Geshuhan was defeated by Anshi rebels in Lingbao and was completely annihilated. Gershuhan also became a prisoner. In June of the same year, the insurgents invaded and occupied Chang 'an, Tang Dou. Enter the peak of Anshi Rebellion. Before the fall of Chang 'an, Li Longji fled. To Maweipo (Xingping West, Shaanxi Province), the accompanying soldiers mutinied, killed Yang and forced Yang Guifei to hang. Tang Xuanzong finally fled to Chengdu. Prince Hengli fled to the north, in Lingwu, which is Tang Suzong. Su Zong recruited more than 10,000 soldiers from Hexi and Anxi, and transferred them back to Guo Ziyi, the northern border of Hebei, and Li Guangbi, the border of Hebei, with an army of 50,000. Lingwu was once powerful. Then, officials and generals were appointed, a new military system was established, and the rebels were fully deployed. At the request of Su Zong, Uighur also sent elite cavalry to help. At this time, it met with internal disputes of the rebels. An Lushan was killed by his son An Qingxu, and his men refused. The combat effectiveness has also been weakened and the situation has gone downhill. In the second year of Zhide (757), with the murder of An Lushan, Li Longji returned to Chang 'an from Chengdu and lived in Xingqing Palace (south), known as the Emperor's Father.

Xuanzong no longer asked about politics. He lives in Xingqing Palace and occasionally goes to Daming Palace. His guards are still General Chen of Longwu and Gao Lishi, an on-the-job supervisor. In addition, Princess Yu Zhen, the younger sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, also entertained him with old ladies-in-waiting and disciples from Liyuan. Xuanzong has always been bitter about Yang Guifei's death. After he came back from Chengdu, he sent someone to mourn her; Later, he wanted to be reburied, but eunuch Li opposed and stopped him, but ordered the eunuch to move the body of the imperial concubine to another place. The eunuch presented the imperial concubine's sachet, and Xuanzong treasured it in his sleeve. Let the painter draw the portrait of the imperial concubine and hang it in another hall, "watching it day and night."

In the first year of Shangyuan (760), eunuch Li called Su Zong in order to make meritorious service and consolidate his favorite. He said, "Your Majesty lives in Xingqing Palace, and it is difficult for him to communicate with outsiders. Chen and Gao Lishi will ask for help. Today, the officers and men of the Sixth Army have done their best to honor their ministers, and they are all uneasy. I know I can't solve it, and I dare not care. " In July this year, Li took advantage of Su Zong's illness and forced Xuanzong to move westward. When passing through Jiacheng, Li led another 500 riders and angrily blocked the way. Xuanzong was so scared that he almost fell off his horse. Fortunately, Gao Lishi stepped forward, and Xuanzong was safely transferred to Ganlu Temple. Afterwards, Mr. Su did not blame Li, but comforted him. A few days later, several of Xuanzong's cronies were also purged: Gao Lishi was exiled to Wuzhou on charges of "sneaking into the party"; Chen was ordered to be an official; Princess Yu Zhen also lives in the earthquake scenic area. Xuanzong was left alone, alone and inseparable, so miserable. After that, Su Zong selected more than 100 people from the harem and went to the west to prepare for the sweep. In his later years, Li Longji was unhappy. On April 5th, the first year of Baoying (May 3rd, 762), Li Longji died at the age of 78. Buried in the Tang Taizong mausoleum. In the same year, Hengli died after a long illness.