[Hetian jade] Hetian jade is distributed in Hetian-Yutian Dongsha-Tashkurgan, Xinjiang, and stretches 1500 km on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain in Qiemo County. Hetian jade is mainly composed of tremolite-actinolite, and contains trace diopside, serpentine, graphite, magnetite and so on. Form different colors such as white, turquoise, black and yellow. Jade is translucent, shiny after polishing, and its hardness is 5.5-6.5 degrees. Hetian jade is sandwiched between rocks at an altitude of 3500-5000 meters. Jade chips collected in the river bed are called seed jade, and mountain materials are mined in rock strata. The economic value of Hetian jade is evaluated according to the purity of color and texture.
Its main varieties are: suet white jade, white jade, blue white jade, sapphire, topaz, sugar jade and jet.
[Duyu] Duyu's mining area is located in Dushan, the northern suburb of Nanyang City, also known as Nanyangyu. Duyu is plagioclase jade, with fine and pure texture, oily or glassy luster, good polishing performance and transparency. Multicolor jade composed of more than three tones has bright color and hardness greater than 6.5. The main varieties are: white jade, green jade, green white jade, purple jade, topaz, hibiscus jade, black jade and variegated jade. Duyu mining industry has a long history. The Neolithic Longshan culture unearthed in Shenmu, Shaanxi Province is Yu Fu, and now the Yuan Dynasty "Light Mountain and Jade Sea" displayed in Tuancheng, Beihai Park, Beijing is all carved by Du Yu. Duyu Mine had a considerable scale in Han Dynasty. There are more than 1000 ancient mining pits in Dushan, Nanyang. It can be seen that Duyu mining industry has a long history, huge scale and rich varieties, and it can still form large-scale production.
Xiuyu is named after its main producing area in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province. Xiuyan jade is formed in metamorphic marble of magnesium carbonate rocks, and there are many deposits of this kind of jade in China. The appearance of jade is turquoise, yellow-green, pale white, translucent and waxy after polishing, and the hardness is 3.5-5 degrees. The jade used in Hongshan Culture in the Neolithic Age was produced in Xiyugou, Xiuyan County, commonly known as old jade, which was tremolite nephrite. Most of the jades unearthed from Muhao Tomb in Shang Dynasty are similar to those from Wagou Mine in Xiuyan. Xiuyu Mine in Wagou Mine has a long history and rich reserves. As the main jade mining area in China, Xiuyan jade stone production accounts for about 60% of the whole country.
[Turquoise] Turquoise is one of the ancient jade, which was known as early as ancient Egypt and was regarded as a mysterious thing. There are 20 turquoise beads unearthed in Yongjing, Gansu, dating back 3800 years. Turquoise, called Jingzhou Stone or Xiangyang Dianzi in ancient times, is an oxide aphanitic block of copper. Or nodular, different shades of blue, green and other colors, often containing iron wire, hardness 5-6, waxy luster. Hubei produces high quality turquoise, which is famous at home and abroad. Its handicrafts are very popular with people and sell well all over the world.
Other famous jade in China.
[Crystal] Composition: SiO 2；; Crystal: crystal, hardness 7, variety: crystal, amethyst, Barasuishou, hair crystal, crystal, etc. Main producing areas. Jiangsu Donghai
[Agate] Composition: SiO 2；; Shape: banded block; The hardness is 6.5-7; Color: red, blue, green, gray, brown, black, etc. There are varieties such as chalcedony and water bile agate. Main producing areas: Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Xinjiang and other places.
[Malachite] is an oxide of copper, usually in block, nodular and banded structure, with malachite green and hardness of 3.5-4.5. The main producing areas are Guangdong, Hubei and northwest Jiangxi.
[Wood stone] is silicified crocidolite, which looks very similar to wood and can produce cat's eye effect. Its hardness is 7, and its colors are mainly yellow and blue. Also known as Tiger Eye Stone and Eagle Eye Stone, they are produced in Xichuan, Henan Province.
"Dongling Stone" is a timely aggregate with a hardness of 7, dense and massive, mainly blue, and its origin is Henan.
[Miyu] is a kind of timely aggregate, with hardness of 7, dense block and green color, so it is named because it is produced in Mixian County, Henan Province.
[Hibiscus stone] is a timely aggregate with a hardness of 7. Crystal block, pink, mainly produced in Inner Mongolia and Hebei.
Yu Meihua is a volcanic rock with hardness of 7, almond-shaped structure and red, green and white "dried plum flowers" patterns, hence the name. Origin: Ruyang, Henan.