Problem description:

The more detailed, the better. It is best to classify them.

Analysis:

Pearl knowledge

Pearl, crystal clear, is a recognized treasure since ancient times and a symbol of beauty and preciousness. There are many myths and legends about pearls all over the world. Some people say that pearls are the tears of the goddess, and pearls will bring beauty and happiness to mankind. There is also a legend that whenever the sea rises with the bright moon, pearls and mussels will float to the surface, open scallop fans to the sky, and let the pearls inside absorb the moonlight to nourish life.

Pearl is a precious variety with a long history in jewelry, and a large number of pearls have been inlaid in the crowns of emperors in past dynasties. Pearl is one of the most popular jewels, and it is called "the stone of longevity" in the world jewelry custom. It is the birthstone of June, symbolizing health, prosperity and longevity. At the same time, Pearl was dubbed the "Queen of Jewelry".

As jewelry, especially necklaces, pearls are extremely beautiful, adding elegance and charm, gorgeous but not flattering, flashy but not vulgar. It is precisely because of her unique charm such as purity, nobility and gentleness that she has won the favor of women who love beauty and the appreciation of men.

The formation of pearls

There are many names of pearls in the market, including cultured pearls, artificial pearls and shell pearls. In English names, natural pearls are natural pearls and cultured pearls are cultured pearls. But now there are almost no natural pearls, and all pearls on the market are cultured pearls (except fake pearls). Because natural pearls have long disappeared in the market, few people talk about natural pearls, so people call cultured pearls pearls pearls, that is, cultured pearls are also called pearls.

The formation of pearl is the continuous accumulation of nacre secreted by mother-of-pearl formed by some cells in the mantle of pearl oyster in connective tissue.

When small foreign objects accidentally enter the shell of shellfish, pearl oyster will feel uncomfortable. In order to eliminate the discomfort caused by this foreign body, it instinctively secretes nacre, which wraps this hateful foreign body layer by layer. After a long time, it formed a sparkling and lovely pearl. Small mussels turn pain into strength, gloriously create unparalleled jewels, and exchange their sadness for human joy.

In the natural environment, only over10g pearls can be collected per 10,000 female mussels, which are very rare, with small particles and irregular shapes. In addition, pearl picking is a very dangerous and difficult job. With the rise of cultured pearls, pearl picking industry has long since disappeared.

The birth of pearl culture is not accidental, but man-made. People deliberately insert foreign bodies into mussels to secrete nacre and surround the foreign bodies. The poor shell was forced to undergo major surgery. If they can't stand this * * *, they are dead. When they are strong, they will survive, complete their glorious mission and create for mankind.

Maintenance of Pearl Jewelry

Pearl ornaments include necklaces, bracelets, rings and pendants. But necklaces are the most common. Pearl necklace is an expensive high-grade jewelry, which can be preserved for a long time and passed down from generation to generation. But pearls are different from metal ornaments or other precious stones, because the main component of pearls is calcium, so they can't meet acids and alkalis.

Pearl necklaces should be gently wiped with a soft cloth after each use. If you sweat a lot in summer, wash with warm water, but don't use overheated water or detergent.

Because the hardness of pearls is 3.5-4.5 and the surface is soft, friction should be avoided. The hardness of pearls is related to their breeding years, and some of them are delicate, especially the cultured pearls with nuclei in seawater are easy to peel off, so attention should be paid to maintenance.

Pearl is the only gem in jewelry that does not need mechanical processing, and it is also the only gem that can cure diseases, beautify and be natural and beautiful.

Knowing the characteristics of pearls will make it easier to maintain them.

When we think of sparkling and fascinating jewels, smooth and soft pearls unexpectedly appear in our minds. The so-called "jewelry" includes many different kinds of gems, but it also includes precious pearls. The importance of pearls has a long history. Legend has it that pearls have a history of 5000 years. In China, the earliest record is the Confucius era; Speaking of freshwater pearls as precious gifts, it began in 2206 BC; In the Persian zone, there were traces of pearls in 2000 BC; In 330 BC, Egypt and Greeks decorated with pearls; After Alexander defeated the Persian army, he came back from India and brought back many pearls.

In the historical stories of Rome, pearls are also mentioned as the favorite jewels of nobles. Some Roman women wear it 24 hours a day, which will make people healthy and rich. There is a period in European history called "Pearl Age", which reflects people's love for pearls. During the Crusade, Europeans brought back a large number of pearls from the East, which started the upsurge of pearls in Europe. For centuries, pearls were used as personal ornaments by nobles and warriors. Later, pearls evolved into exclusive gems of the royal family. 16 12, Saxony also promulgated a law prohibiting nobles, professionals and civilians from wearing pearls. Only the royal family has this privilege. Queen Elizabeth I of England also has a special liking for pearls. Her clothes and headdresses are often equipped with pearls, which are evidenced by books.

In the early days after Columbus discovered the New World, some writers described the pearls seen in huts, totaling 2 gallons. The Indian temples they wrote are said to be decorated with pearls; However, a large number of freshwater pearls were found in mounds in Ohio, which proved that Indians at that time already knew how to use pearls as decorations in necklaces, headdresses and bronze carvings. These aborigines think that pearls have a high status, so they even have imitations.

When we read the history of China, we often mention using pearls as tributes to emperors, ministers and concubines. People in China should be very aware of the preciousness of pearls, because they have been very famous since ancient times.

Pearls are different from other precious stones. It is a beautiful and dazzling ornament without polishing, which is also its uniqueness. Ancient people thought that pearls could cure thyroid virus and bring good luck to the wearer. As a lucky birthday jewel in June, pearls also represent the 12 wedding anniversary and symbolize happiness. Diamond is the king of gems, and pearl is the queen of gems. The former feels cold (because it is a mineral) and the latter is warm (because pearls are organic). It represents wisdom and love, which can't be compared with any other jewelry.

Zhu Zhen culture

Pearl culture has a long history. In the long history of Chinese civilization for more than five thousand years, pearls have been recorded for more than four thousand years. Since the Qin Dynasty, pearls have become a luxury of court dignitaries, and emperors have begun to accept pearls. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wen Yi, the prefect of Guiyang, "presented pearls to Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty", and the princes of the Western Han Dynasty also widely used pearls, making them a symbol of dignity. According to the Qing Dynasty's Qing Hui Dian, the emperor's imperial crown contained 22 big east beads. Emperors, empresses, queens, imperial concubines, and even officials with five grades of civil servants and four grades of military attaché can wear royal robes and beads. Only the emperor, empress and empress dowager can wear Oriental Pearl and Buddha Pearl. The Pearl of the Orient consists of 108 pearls, which embodies the noble image of the supreme ruler in feudal society.

The birth of Venus, a famous painting in the Western Renaissance, vividly describes the fairy tale of pearl formation: Venus, the goddess, slowly emerged from the sea with a huge shell that slowly opened, and countless water droplets flowed down her body, instantly turning into white pearls, which was vivid and gave people a beautiful feeling.

Throughout history, pearls have always symbolized wealth, happiness, happiness and nobility. In feudal society, dignitaries used pearls to represent status, power, money and aristocratic status, while civilians used pearls to symbolize happiness, peace and auspiciousness.

Pearl history

China is the first country to collect and use pearls in the world. Mussel pearls were used as tributes during the Warring States Period, and women in Chu used pearls as decorations for more than 2,000 years. According to Huai Nan Zi and Lei Zhou Fu Zhi, since Qin and Han Dynasties, feudal emperors have regarded Leizhou as the main producing area of pearls and ordered it to collect pearls.

In the Song Dynasty, Song Taizu (AD 962) began to collect pearls by imperial edict, and Nanzhu was regarded as a valuable item by the government. In 972 AD, Liu Wei, the little emperor of Lingnan, made a saddle belt out of Hepu pearls to please Song Taizu and gave it to Song Taizu. Song Taizu liked it very much, and gave the important task to Wei Liu.

Pearl picking reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. In the first month of 29 years, Hongwu of Ming Dynasty began to collect pearls by imperial edict. Tomorrow, February 3 (1459), we will collect pearls. In the ninth year of Ming Dynasty (15 14), he sent a letter to collect pearls. Zheng De picked pearls in 9 years and Jiajing picked pearls in 3 years. In the sixth year of Emperor Muzong of Ming Dynasty, he sent two imperial edicts to collect pearls.

In the Qing Dynasty, from the first year of Shunzhi to Kangxi, the imperial edicts were issued to collect pearls many times, and in 17, the imperial edicts were issued to collect pearls.

In June, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed that "pearl picking industry, which has fallen behind for thousands of years, should be changed to artificial farming. We must let the output of Nanzhu go up. "

From 65438 to 0996, the output of seawater pearls (South Pearl) in China reached nearly 20 tons, making it one of the main suppliers in the pearl market in the world.

South Pearl aquaculture in China has developed for more than 40 years. In terms of scientific research achievements, China's three major Nanzhu research centers have achieved nearly 20 major scientific research achievements; In terms of breeding technology, the artificial breeding technology, breeding technology, pearl insertion technology and triploid technology of mother shellfish are at the international leading level; In terms of pearl production, in recent years, China's seawater pearl production (South Pearl) has surpassed Japan and become the largest seawater pearl producer in the world.

The coastline of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China is more than 1.500 kilometers, ranking first among prefecture-level cities in China, accounting for 46% of the coastline of Guangdong Province, with a per capita coastline of 25 cm, which is 10 times that of the national per capita coastline. Zhanjiang pearl has a long history and excellent quality, which was an important trade product as early as the ancient Maritime Silk Road. Zhanjiang City has unique natural conditions for cultivating Nanzhu, and has nearly 40 years of practical experience in large-scale artificial pearl cultivation, relying on three Nanzhu research centers located in the province. Since 1990s, the annual output of seawater pearl seedlings in Zhanjiang City has accounted for more than 90% of the whole country, the annual output of seawater pearl (Nanzhu) accounts for about 70% of the whole country, and the annual processing volume and sales volume of seawater pearl account for more than 70% of the whole country. Last year, the pearl cultivation area in the city was 53,800 mu, and the pearl output was 2 1.8 tons, accounting for about two-thirds of the national output. It is an important base for the cultivation, processing and export of seawater pearls in China. Zhanjiang has developed into the production, processing and sales center of China Nanzhu. The breeding and processing of Nanzhu has become a pillar industry of Zhanjiang's marine economy, and Zhanjiang has also become a veritable China Nanzhu Center.