One of the seven ancient capitals of China. Western Han, Xin Mang, Zhao Qian, Pre-Qin, Post-Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties were all established here. The existing city sites are Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty and Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Chang 'an City
In the second year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (582), Daxing City, a new capital, was established in the southeast of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty. After entering the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Chang 'an, still the capital, only partially built and expanded. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was the largest and most prosperous international city at that time. In the first year of Shenzong (904), Zhu Wen moved the capital to Luoyang with Zhao Zong, destroying the houses in Chang 'an Palace, and Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was in ruins. The city site is in the urban and suburban areas of Xi today. In the early 1920s, a Japanese scholar Zuli Liuxi made an investigation, and 1957 began a formal exploration and excavation.
Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty consists of three parts, including the city, Miyagi City and Imperial City. The outline city is rectangular, with a length of 972 1 m from east to west, a width of 865 1.7 m from north to south and a circumference of 36.7 km. There are three doors on each side, except for the south main entrance, Mingde Gate, which has five doorways, the others are all three doorways. Miyagi is located in the northern center of Kuocheng, with a rectangular plane, with a length of1492m from north to south and a length of 2820m from east to west. The central part is Taiji Palace (Sui Daxing Palace), and the main hall is Taiji Hall (Sui Daxing Hall). East is the Crown Prince's East Palace, and west is the Imperial Secretary's Ye Ting Palace. The Imperial City is connected with the south of Miyagi, with 7 East-West Streets, 5 North-South Streets, Zuozong Temple and Youzhou, and it has central government offices and affiliated institutions.
There are 14 north-south streets and1east-west streets in the city. Zhuque Street from Mingdemen to Zhuque Gate, the main entrance of the Imperial City, is located on the central axis of the city, with a width of 150 meters, which is twice as wide as Chang 'an Street in Beijing. Other streets leading to the city gate are also 100 meters wide. The vertically staggered streets divide the city on this side into 108 closed Li Fang, including houses, official halls and temples. The four rows of squares on both sides of Suzaku Street have the smallest area, with only two square doors in the east and west, and there are crosswalks in the square. The square on both sides of the imperial city has the largest area, with doors on all sides and built-in cross street. At that time, it inherited the military management system of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the gate was guarded by soldiers, opening early and closing late. There are two cities in this city, East and West. The eastern city is called metropolis, and the western city is called Liren, each of which occupies two sides. There is a "well" street in the city, lined with shops. According to documents, there are many "Shang Hu" and "Hook" in Central Asia and West Asia near Xi Shi, and there is also a Persian Zoroastrianism temple adjacent to Chonghongfang in the southwest. At that time, this area was the center of trade and cultural exchanges between China and the West.
After Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an Palace was built. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Yong 'an Palace was built on the original highland of Longshou in the northeast of Taiji Palace, and was renamed Daming Palace the following year. After three years of Longshuo (663), it became the main meeting place. Xuanzong also built Xingqing Palace in Fandi Xingqing Square. In addition, in the southeast corner of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty, there is also a scenic spot-Qujiang Pool, which is a pioneering work in the ancient urban planning of China.
Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was the most perfect form of China's ancient Li Fang capital system. It adopts the symmetrical layout of the central axis, with rigorous planning and neat blocks. A closed imperial city was established to house the government, and a closed alley controlled the residents. Its living area accounts for 7/8 of the urban area, which creates conditions for the concentration of population and the development of urban industry and commerce. The planning and layout of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty had a great influence on the capitals of some countries in East Asia.
Tang Chang 'an was the political and cultural center of the whole country at that time. Chang 'an has a square and a city, the square is a residential area, the city is a commercial area, and the square is separate. There are two cities, East City and West City. There are "220 rows, four houses, four wonders, all of which are accumulated" in Dongcheng.
Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty was huge, with an area of 24 square kilometers larger than that of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was the largest city in the world at that time. The maximum width of the street is 220 meters, and the width of Dongshi Street is about 15 meters. There are east-west and north-south streets in Xicheng, which divide the city into nine districts. There are streets on all sides of each district, and shops in all industries are open to the street. Generally, there are only two small stores and only three big stores. From the unearthed cultural relics, there are restaurants, jewelry stores and so on. In Xi Shi, there are also manual workshops for processing.
After the destruction of Chang 'an in the late Tang Dynasty, the You Guo army asked Han Jian to abandon Chang 'an and Miyagi and rebuild the houses in the imperial city. After the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the capital of Jingzhao. The Yuan Dynasty was Fengyuan Road City. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed An, and Qin Gong was built, expanding eastward and northward, with an area of about 1/3. During the period of Qin Long in Mu Zong, blue bricks were laid outside the rammed earth wall. In the Ming Dynasty, the plane of Xi 'an was rectangular, with a perimeter of 1 1.9 km, which has been well preserved so far.