The purest and most concentrated extract of fragrant flowers and plants is quite expensive, and the relevant words are concrete.

Agreement (reconciliation)

A series of smells are mixed together to become a new perfume (just like blue and yellow on a palette can be mixed into green).

Aldehyde (aldehyde)

A group of compounds with strong odor. Most of them are extracted from alcohol and widely used in modern perfume industry. They help people synthesize the fragrance of specific spices. Give off a unique smell, and at the same time enhance the smell of perfume. This compound was first used in Chanel No.5.

amber

Spices extracted from Long Xianxiang can also be found in other natural spices, such as amber blocks (not amber gems used in jewelry industry). See the entry "optimistic".

Aromatherapy (aromatherapy)

Study the influence of fragrance on people (for example, fragrance has soothing and stimulating effects)

Aromatherapy (aromatherapy)

Massage or treat with sesame oil and other aromatic substances.

AROMATIC is usually a spicy plant or spice. More specifically, in the perfume industry, it is used to describe some specific spices such as lavender and rosemary, which are mainly used in men's perfumes. It can also be simply considered as "making incense".

Atomizer (atomizer)

Used for spraying or making aerosol (some have become collectors' favorites).

Attal

Also called sesame oil, or rose sesame oil. It is a purified product extracted from flowers, especially roses.

Balsam (balsam)

Also known as gum, it is a sticky and gelatinous substance extracted from a certain plant and smells like honey in My Sweetie. (e.g. turu gum).

gum

An aromatic gum (such as aromatic resin) purified from tropical trees.

Bouquet (bouquet)

Flower mixing in perfume is also a synthetic way of perfume.

CHYPRE (white elephant)

Italy has been an important branch of perfume since Roman times and the Middle Ages. Now it is usually considered as the main family of perfume. In this perfume, the top notes (such as bergamot) and the middle notes (such as roses) are softly combined by the tail notes of wood and amber. (such as oak moss, patchouli, Laudan, etc.). ).

Coffee (boxed)

A series of small bottles of perfume are sold in the middle of the gift box.

Concrete (condensate)

Essential oil products extracted from volatile solvents can get "pure fragrance" after removing the waxy substance called rose wax (see the previous article), but perfumers often prefer to use concentrated fragrance rather than pure fragrance.

Pine and cypress notes (pine and cypress notes)

The fragrance of pine, spruce, social tree and other trees.

Coumarin (coumarin)

Substances that can be found in several plants can also be synthesized from coal tar and taste like freshly cut hay.

Distraction (distillation)

The main way to get essential oil from plants is to use steam instead of boiling water. After the oil evaporates and condenses again, it floats on the water surface and can be collected. This method was used in Arabia in the 8th century.

Double perfume bottle (double flavor bottle)

In the mid-Victorian era, there was a special perfume bottle that could be opened at both ends, usually with perfume at one end and smelling salt at the other.

Dry perfection (dry powder)

A new perfume developed recently, such as pearl powder, is a semi-powdery fine powder, which will spread and give off fragrance when applied to the skin.

Simple notes (simple tunes)

Perfume gives off an earthy smell, which can be found in some sesame oils, such as patchouli and geranium.

toilet water

18 to 19 perfume categories developed in Gulong area. Now this word means a mixture of 3% ~ 5% sesame oil diluted with 70% alcohol.

Perfume (strong perfume)

It is the "water" with the highest concentration, generally 15% ~ 18% sesame oil, diluted with 80% ~ 90% alcohol.

Eau de toilette (eau de toilette)

Also known as lotion, it was originally a perfume obtained in water. Now the standard situation is that it has 4% ~ 8% sesame oil content.

Fresh water (cold water)

Like cologne, it is a very light perfume, but the alcohol content is higher than cologne.

Extraction (extraction method)

Also known as extraction, it is a method of extracting sesame oil (or extract) with solvent.

Essential oil (flower oil)

The purest perfume sold on the counter. Also called pure fragrance or essence. Generally, it contains 15% ~ 30% sesame oil, and the alcohol concentration is also quite high. The proportion of sesame oil is lower than its fragrance, so-and-so water is called.

ointment

Large perfume samples for display and advertising.

Fan plug (fan cap)

A slightly fan-shaped perfume bottle cap may be bigger than the perfume bottle itself.

Fixative (fixative)

Also called fixative. It is an ingredient in perfume, which can make the fragrance of perfume last, and also can make other ingredients in perfume stay for a long time. Usually this ingredient is colloid, gum and balsam (such as myrrh, white rosin, etc. )

Floral perfume (floral perfume)

A perfume based on floral fragrance.

Botanical (oriental fragrance)

A perfume dominated by floral and oriental fragrance.

Fougere (Fu Qi)

A fresh fragrance dominated by moss and ferns, mostly used in men's perfume. It is also one of the main categories of perfume.

Perfume blotting paper (perfume test paper)

Also called scented paper or scented sample. This smell can absorb the fragrance, and perfumers and others can use it to experience the fragrance.

Food Notes (Food Flavor)

Also called edible essence. Perfume contains the flavor of certain foods, such as fruit and chocolate.

Green tone (green tone)

The perfume smells of grass and green plants. Green leaf perfume is one of the main categories of perfume.

Hair powder (hair powder)

17 to 18 century, a kind of powder used by people to clean wigs.

Orange peel (citrus flavor)

The aroma of citrus fruits.

Incense (burning incense)

Incense is obtained by burning aromatic substances, which are often used in religious ceremonies. Ancient frankincense was the main commodity, so modern incense and frankincense are synonymous to some extent.

Infiltration (leaching)

Also known as extraction, see extraction entry.

A light taste (fragrance)

Fresh, floral, citrus, fruit, or animal-like aromas contain green leaves and have no strong sweet box smell.

Linear perfume (linear perfume)

Tonality classification of perfume. When it came out in the 1980 s, this tonality was that all perfumes emitted fragrance at the same time, without any order.

Moss flavor (moss tone)

Aroma extracted from moss and lichen.

neroli oil

Essential oil extracted from the flowers of bitter citrus.

Oriental (oriental tune)

Also known as amber tone, it is a symbol of oriental color in perfume industry. Strong breathing. Oriental perfume occupies a very important position in perfume category.

Hair oil (hair oil)

The smell on the head. It is also a perfume supported by essential oils with or without fat. It is a small ball of solid aromatic substance, packed in a beautifully decorated container, which was used to relax nerves and prevent viruses in ancient times. It once contained elements of Long Xianxiang. So the original meaning of English name is amber ball.

Passion flowers (mixed spices)

As the name implies, it is a mixture of some spices, most of which are dry, including materials such as rose petals, which are placed in pots and bowls to make the room fragrant.

Resins (aromatic resins)

Resin washed with benzene and alcohol.

Sachet (sachet)

Small bags containing dried flower spices are mostly placed inside clothes to make them smell good. Now this name is also used to describe that kind of plastic bag, or container for holding liquid.

SILLAGE (this is French, pronounced Sia, meaning trace)

It is an invisible trace, a faint breath left by a person who wears perfume.

Single note (single fragrance)

In this fragrance type, the fragrance of specific flowers or plants is emphasized.

Loose leaf grass (loose incense)

In the Middle Ages, fragrant plants were dragged across the floor of the room, filling the whole room with fragrance.

Sweet notes (sweet notes)

A sweet taste in the perfume industry, such as the smell of vanilla.

Synthetic perfume (synthetic perfume)

Natural spices imitated in the laboratory, or scents made in the laboratory that do not exist in nature. Many synthetic spices can replace natural materials. For example, geraniol replaces the fragrance of roses, but it is much cheaper and can be obtained in large quantities. Spice dealers have thousands of different synthetic spices.

Tegla (lead pipe)

Generally made of glass and other materials, soaked under the perfume bottle cap to absorb perfume.

Toilet water (toner)

See eau de toilette.

Ointment (ointment)

A viscous flavoring agent, often used to soak plant spices in animal fat. This is an ancient method.

Vinegar sniffing bottle

A small bottle, the lid of which is pierced, is filled with wood or sea surface substances soaked in balsamic vinegar and used as a sniffing bottle. Vinegar sniffer bottles were widely used in 17 and 18 centuries. They were made of precious materials such as silver and ornately decorated.

Rub the ball (bath ball)

In the 17 and 18 centuries, spherical soaps with fragrant smell or therapeutic effects were often used to wash hands and faces.

Balsam balsam is the resin of trees and shrubs, which can emit fragrance, also called balsam. In modern perfume industry, Peru balsam, Tolu balsam gum, bitter balsam and lingering fragrance are commonly used. Their shapes are yellow to light brown slightly viscous liquids or crystals, and their fragrance is a bit like vanilla essence.

Bergamot, produced in Italy, is an orange sesame oil extracted from the peel of bergamot tree. It has a pleasant, cool and fragrant aroma, and Qing Xiang has a sweet fruity aroma, which is refreshing. 33% of women's perfumes use this raw material.

Bitter orange, a sesame oil, is obtained by squeezing the peel. Bitter citrus reticulata also complained about citrus reticulata. Neroli oil, neroli oil and fruit bud oil can be extracted from this citrus. Extracted from the flowers of bitter citrus trees by distillation, its fragrance is a mixture of spicy and sweet fruit fragrance. About 12% of modern perfumes use it.

Frankincense is a gum extracted from a small tree growing in southern Arabia and Somalia. It has been a very important spice since ancient times and has been used ever since. It appears in about 13% of modern perfumes.

Galbanum, a colloidal perfume, is extracted from fennel plants growing in Iran. Its smell is warm, fatty and spicy, mixed with the smell of green leaves and musk.

Jasmine is an important plant in perfume industry, second only to rose. The fragrance is delicate and transparent, and there is a fresh feeling. It is fresh and fragrant, and 80% of modern perfumes use it. There are many varieties. Spanish jasmine, also called Royal Jasmine, is the most commonly used variety in Europe since16th century. An acre (about 0.4 hectares) of jasmine can produce 500 pounds (about 0.45 kilograms) of jasmine, but the absolute yield is very low (about 0. 1%), because jasmine must be picked when it is still covered with morning dew, and if it is exposed to the sun, it will lose some fragrance, so jasmine is also one of the most expensive perfume raw materials.

Opium tincture, also known as Helianthin, comes from the leaves of Lithocarpus in the Middle East. It is an important and powerful ointment in perfume industry. After dilution, it is very similar to Long Xianxiang, and its fragrance is lasting and precious. It can account for 33% in modern perfume.

Lavender is one of the most common spices. Its flowers provide a fresh green and fresh fragrance. At one time, France produced 5000 tons of lavender every year. In Britain, only Norfolk in the east produces this perfume material, and one hectare of lavender can produce about 15 pound of sesame oil.

Lemon oil Lemon oil is not only used for perfume, but also for seasoning. It has a strong aroma of fresh lemon peel, which is elegant but not long. About 1000 lemons can squeeze out 1 pound lemon oil. Oil is squeezed from the peel or distilled by steam. It is used in many high-quality perfumes, mostly to make the top notes of perfumes fresher.

The early lily fragrance of lily of the valley can only be obtained by mixing nectar oil, but now it can only be obtained by purification, and it cannot be made into essential oil. Therefore, people obtained the most elegant lily fragrance in history through chemical synthesis, and this compound is called Lily of the Valley. Because of its elegant lily fragrance, it has become a substitute for valley lily. About 14% of modern high-quality perfumes use it more or less.

Myrrh, a gelatinous substance collected from myrrh trees, is produced in Arabia, Somalia and Ethiopia. Its important position is not only reflected in perfume for a long time, but also has medicinal and antiseptic effects. Its fragrance is similar to that of impatiens, and it lasts for a long time. Myrrh oil is light brown or light green liquid, and the proportion used in modern perfume is about 7%.

Neroli oil is extracted from the flowers of bitter citrus trees. The name Nero comes from an Italian prince in16th century. See bitter orange.

Oak moss is taken from oak, spruce and other trees growing in mountainous areas of Europe and North Africa. Long-term storage will increase its fragrance, with a mixed smell of earth, wood and musk, and it has good durability. It accounts for about one third of today's spices. The same type of moss.

Iris oil (Orris) is a light yellow to brownish yellow solid at room temperature, with a mild and lasting fragrance. It is the best of honey and sweet fragrance, emitting a violet-like fragrance, which is extracted from iris root stored for two years. It is unique in that it can make other fragrances particularly enhanced. It's in many first-class perfumes.

Pogostemon cablin, a mint-flavored perfume from the Far East, is one of the strongest plant perfumes, and is usually used in oriental perfumes. Its fragrance is strong and lasting, and it is a good fixative. Raw materials should be dried and fermented before distillation. Because the fragrance similar to camphor is very strong, the dosage of spices should be strictly controlled every time. The unique spices and rosin in sesame oil will become more obvious with the passage of time, which is the best persistent among the known plant spices. It first attracted the attention of Europeans in the19th century, when shawls brought by Indian businessmen exuded this fragrance and soon became a fashionable fragrance. Now one-third of high-end perfumes will use it.

Rose is a precious perfume, which belongs to the most important plant in the perfume industry. It was called "the queen of flowers" by the Greek poetess Sappho. There are many varieties. The earliest variety is foreign rose, or painter rose, commonly known as May rose. It was originally a special rose for French perfume. Kazanlak in Bulgaria produces a large number of Damascus roses. Other varieties are also cultivated in Egypt, Morocco and other places. Now it's clear that there are 17 different rose scents. Usually it always contains the sweet rhyme and fragrance of honey, which is the crown of flower oil. Extracting 1 lb rose oil or rose essence requires 1000 lb rose, and the proportion of pure essence is even less, only 0.03%. At least 75% of high-quality perfumes can use rose oil.

Sandalwood sandalwood oil is mainly extracted from sawdust and branches of sandalwood produced in India and Indonesia. It is a yellow, slightly viscous liquid with oriental aroma. Sandalwood oil is best produced in Mysore and also in Australia. This tree is parasitic, and its roots are connected with other trees. Sandalwood oil is the most valuable and precious raw material for making perfume, with lasting fragrance. About half of high-quality perfumes will use this raw material as the basic fragrance.

Tonka is extracted from the bitter bark of Angola bean and Paraguay bean and produced in South America. When the bark and beans are covered with coumarin crystals, they can be treated with rum, which smells like freshly cut grass. 10% high-quality perfume uses pure essence made of Lingling beans.

Tree moss In America, tree moss and oak moss are the same thing. In the European perfume industry, moss refers to the moss shell of spruce, and the fragrance of the extract is very similar to some tar. Commonly used in aromatic perfumes, it has a good fragrance fixing effect.

Tuberose, commonly known as cordate telosma, is described as the fragrance of fragrant flowers in the garden at night. Sesame oil extracted from this flower can be found in 20% high-quality perfumes, especially quiet perfumes. The output of pure essence is very low. This flower can only produce 7 ounces (about 28.35 grams) of essence per 2600 pounds, so it is more expensive than the same weight of gold.

Vanilla oil is extracted from pods on vanilla vines. Originated in tropical areas of Mexico and America, fermented before extraction. It smells sweet and spicy. Since it was used as "L'AIMANT" by Huang Fengying, it has become more and more popular in the perfume industry. At present, about a quarter of perfumes use it.

Vetiveria zizanioides is a sesame oil, which is extracted from the rhizome of Khuskhus, a tropical herb in Asia. It is a brown-to-reddish-brown viscous liquid with earthy fragrance and faint sweetness of iris and violet. The fragrance is mild and lasting, which can not only be used as a fixative, but also give woody plants a dry and sweet taste. 36% of high-grade perfumes contain vetiver oil.

There are two kinds of violets used in violet perfume: Victoria violet and Parma violet. The former is of better quality and the latter is easier to grow. Sesame oil is extracted from petals and leaves, but because of the high cost, violet fragrance is mostly chemically synthesized now.

Ylang-Ylang uses 40% sesame oil in high quality perfume. Especially suitable for jasmine, white orchid, tuberose, lily of the valley, violet and other floral essences, used to coordinate the overall fragrance in perfume essences. This sesame oil extracted from leaves comes from Southeast Asia, and its aroma is similar to that of Jasmine grandiflora, but it is thicker and longer. Two weeks after flowering, the jasmine-like fragrance diffuses, so the fragrance should be collected immediately, so it is often distilled on the spot. A tree blooms about 22 Jin of flowers a year, while two Jin of sesame oil consumes almost 900 Jin of flowers.

Acacia belongs to Leguminosae. They are mainly distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan, among which Zhangzhou, Fujian is the most. The fragrant part is flowers.

Magnolia grandiflora , also known as Mizailan, belongs to Meliaceae. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong, the varieties planted in Fujian are better. The fragrant parts are flowers and leaves.

Angelica sinensis )Diels。 Belongs to Umbelliferae. Mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan and other provinces. The aromatic parts are roots and seeds.

Celery belongs to Umbelliferae. Widely cultivated in northern and southern China. The aromatic part is the seed.

European birch Belongs to betulaceae. Mainly distributed in Northeast China, Northwest China and North China, with bark and trunk as the fragrant parts.

Ylang ylang, also known as Ylang ylang, belongs to Annonaceae and Kananga. In the early 1960s, China introduced ylang ylang from Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Laos. The fragrant part is ylang ylang flower.

Cinnamomum camphora var. Garcinia belongs to Lauraceae. Widely distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces. The aromatic parts are roots, trunks and leaves.

Cinnamon belongs to Lauraceae. Mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. The fragrant parts are bark and branches and leaves.

Cinnamomum belongs to Lauraceae. Distributed in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Fujian. The aromatic parts are roots, branches and heartwood.

Cistus ladaniferus L., also known as Lai Baidang, belongs to the sunflower family. It is now cultivated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The fragrant parts are twigs and leaves.

Citrus belongs to Rutaceae. Widely distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces. The main fragrant part is fruit, and orange leaves can also be used.

Amara Engl. Lime belongs to Rutaceae. Mainly cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Sichuan. The fragrant parts are leaves, flowers and fruits.

Lemon. F.) belongs to rutaceae. It is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan, and Eureka cultivated in Sichuan is the best. The fragrant parts are fruits and leaves.

Sweet orange. ) belongs to rutaceae. Location: Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan and other provinces. The main aromatic part is the peel of fruit, and sometimes leaves and flowers can be used.

Cedar. Belongs to cypress. Widely distributed in Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan provinces. The fragrant part is mainly dry heartwood.

Citronella dongensis Belongs to Gramineae. Mainly distributed in Hainan and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province, southern Guangxi and Yunnan Province. The fragrant part is the whole grass on the ground.

Eucalyptus citriodora belongs to Myrtaceae. Mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan and other provinces. The fragrant part is the leaves.

Evergreen chaff chrysanthemum, also known as evergreen prunastri (L.) ach, belongs to Usnea family. Mainly distributed in Yunnan, it is a bryophyte that grows on trees.

Gardenia. Belongs to Rubiaceae. Distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Guangdong. The fragrant part is flowers.

Illicium belongs to Magnoliaceae. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. The fragrant part is dried fruit.

There are three species of Iris: Iris Florence, Iris pallidum and Iris germanica, all of which belong to Iris. Mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Yunnan. The fragrant part is the root.

Jasminum belongs to Jasminum of Oleaceae. Originated in southern France, Italy, Morocco and Egypt. China introduced it in 1957, and now it is cultivated in Guangdong and Fujian. The fragrant part is flowers.

Jasmine belongs to Jasminum of Oleaceae. Widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces. The fragrant part is flowers.

Lavender. Belongs to Labiatae. Introduced from abroad in the 1950s, it was mainly planted in Xinjiang, with a small amount planted in Xi and Henan. The aromatic part is the inflorescence.

Litsea cubeba is a Lauraceae plant. Widely distributed in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Taiwan Province and other provinces. Seeds are the main part of spice extraction.

Lingxiang belongs to Primulaceae. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei and other provinces. The fragrant part is the leaves.

Mint, also known as Asian mint, belongs to Labiatae. Location: Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places. Aromatic parts are stems, leaves and flowers in the upper parts of plants.

Spearmint, also known as spearmint, belongs to Labiatae. Location: Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Sichuan. Aromatic parts are stems, leaves and flowers in the upper parts of plants.

White orchid DC , also known as Magnolia grandiflora, belongs to Magnoliaceae. Widely cultivated in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan Province and other places, Zhejiang and Suzhou also have potted plants. The fragrant parts are flowers and leaves.

Michelia belongs to Magnoliaceae. Mainly planted in Guangdong and Fujian. The fragrant parts are flowers and leaves.

Suave basil (Willd. ) hook. F. belongs to labiatae. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. The aromatic parts are inflorescences, leaves and tender stems.

Osmanthus fragrans It belongs to Oleaceae, and its varieties are Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans and so on. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei. Flowers are the fragrant parts, Jingui and Yin Gui are the best, followed by Dangui.

Pelargonium graveolens, also known as Pelargonium graveolens, belongs to Bovine. Mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. The aromatic parts are the stems, leaves and inflorescences of the upper parts of plants.

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to Piperaceae. The ripe pepper fruit is called black pepper. Widely planted in southern Guangdong and Hainan province. The raw material for pressing oil is peeled black pepper.

Pogostemon cablin belongs to Labiatae. Location: Guangdong and Hainan. The fragrant part is the whole grass (except the roots).

Rose "Crimson Glory" belongs to Rosaceae. Mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, it is a hybrid variety of perfume rose. The fragrant part is flowers.

Rose variety plena Rehd belongs to Rosaceae. Mainly distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Gansu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Guangdong and other provinces. The fragrant part is flowers.

Santalum album L. is a semi-parasitic plant of Santalaceae, which is native to East India, West India and Australia. After being introduced to China in 1960s, it is mainly cultivated in Guangdong province. The fragrant part is the trunk (heartwood).

Torreya grandis fort. , also known as torreya grandis, belongs to the red bean shirt family. Mainly distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The aromatic part is fruit.

Vanilla. Belongs to Lancome. Introduced from abroad, it is mainly cultivated in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province and Hainan Province. The fragrant part is the pod of vanilla.

Vetiver grass , also known as Vetiveria zizanioides, belongs to Gramineae. Native to India, Java, Haiti and reunion island, China introduced Hainan in the late 1950s and is now widely planted in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and other places. The fragrant part is the root.

Long Xianxiang: After eating cuttlefish, sperm whales' excrement floats in droves on tropical oceans and beaches washed by tsunami, with different shapes and sizes. It should be air-dried for at least 3 years before use.

Musk: It is a granular crystal extracted from the male Himalayan musk deer. The capsule is about the size of a walnut, so it is not necessary to kill the musk deer during the extraction process. Among all kinds of spices, the one with the strongest fragrance and large needle tip can last for several weeks in a considerable range, and if a drop is dropped on a handkerchief, it can last for decades.

Civet cat: Extracted from the scent glands of civet cats, it looks a bit like butter. This civet cat is produced in Ethiopia, Myanmar and Thailand.

Castoreum: It is a reddish-brown creamy secretion extracted from beaver's fluid sac. It has been used since the 9th century, and the earliest users are Arabs.