Hetian jade is distributed in shache-Kashi Kurgan, Hotan-Khotan, Qiemo County, and the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain, which is 0/500 km away, with 9 producing areas. Hetian jade is mainly composed of tremolite-actinolite, and contains a small amount of diopside, serpentine, graphite, magnets and other minerals, forming different colors such as white, turquoise and black. Most of them are monochromatic jade, and a few have variegated colors. Emerald is translucent and has a greasy luster after polishing.
Hetian jade is sandwiched between rocks at an altitude of 3500 to 5000 meters. After a long period of differentiation and stripping, it split into pieces of different sizes, collapsed on the hillside, and then flowed into the river by rain. When the river dries up in autumn, the jade pieces collected in the river bed are called seed jade, and those mined in the rock stratum are called mountain materials. The earliest Hetian jade has been found from Fu Hao's tomb in Yin Ruins. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian jade became the main jade material, collecting seed material, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that the mountain material was mined. Dayu was made during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty to control the water in Yushan. Sapphire weighs more than 5000 kilograms, which is taken from Maitreya Mountain.
The most professional jewelry exchange forum and jewelry trading platform in China, including diamond, gold, jade, jadeite, hetian jade, crystal, precious stones, silver ornaments and other professional plates, and provides today's gold prices and international diamond price lists of major jewelry companies. At present, Hetian jade, Shaanxi lantian jade, Henan Nanyang jade, Gansu Jiuquan jade and Liaoning Uranium Rock jade are also called the five famous jade in China. Hetian jade is mainly tremolite, and contains trace minerals such as serpentine, graphite and magnet, forming different colors such as white, turquoise, black and yellow. Most of them are monochromatic jade, and a few have variegated colors. Jade is translucent, greasy and shiny after polishing, and its hardness is 5.5 to 6.4 degrees.
The economic value evaluation of Hetian jade is based on the purity of color and texture. Its main varieties are: white jade, containing tremolite above 95%, white in color, pure in texture, delicate and shiny, which is an excellent variety in Hetian jade. During the prosperous period of jade-making in Han, Song and Qing dynasties, great attention was paid to the selection of materials, and high-quality white jade was often carved into "heavy objects". Sheep fat white jade, the top grade of white jade, is pure and delicate in texture, containing 99% tremolite, white in color, equivalent to the weight of jade, and has much higher economic value than white jade. Sheep fat white jade was highly respected in Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Qianlong period. Qingtian jade has no obvious difference from white jade in texture, but its color is light blue and green. It is a mid-range jade material of Hetian jade, and its economic value is slightly lower than that of white jade. Sapphire, which is light blue, turquoise and gray in color, is called sapphire, which is rich in reserves and is the main variety of jade collection or mining in past dynasties. Topaz is named as dense wax yellow, chestnut color, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. Close wax yellow and chestnut color are extremely rare, and their value can be comparable to that of sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the homonym of "yellow" and "emperor", it was extremely rare, and its economic value once exceeded that of white jade with sheep fat. Tang jade, which is commonly found in white jade or plain jade, is called bi-color jade material, which can be used to make "Qiao jade". The snuff bottle made of Tang jade leather carving seed material can be hollowed out, which is called "covered with gold and silver" and can also be added with value. Jet, called pure lacquer ink, has dense black spots and is more valuable than other jet varieties. Jasper, pure dark green is the top grade, while those with black spots, black spots or jade ribs are inferior. Hetian jade can be divided into three types according to the origin: seed material, landscape material and mountain material.
1. Recycled material: Also known as Zieryu, it refers to the jade eroded, washed and transported into the river by primary ore. It is distributed in riverbeds and floodplains on both banks, and jade is exposed on the surface or buried underground. It is characterized by small volume, egg shape and smooth surface. Because of its age, it has been washed, transported and sorted for a long time, and its dross is removed and its essence is retained. Or buried deep in the soil, several different pits, full of the essence of the earth. Therefore, the overall texture of Yu Zi is good, because the food and drink are full and extremely warm. Yu Zi is divided into naked jade seed and leather Yu Zi. Bare jade is generally collected from river water, while leather jade is generally collected from riverbed soil. So the age of leather jade is longer. Some precious jade varieties, such as jujube skin red, black skin, autumn pear yellow, yellow wax skin, sprinkle gold, tiger skin, etc., are all from leather jade.
2. Mountains and rivers: named after artists who collect and cut jade. It refers to the jade formed by the weathering and collapse of primary jade ore and the impact of river water on the middle and upper reaches of the river. The mountain stream is characterized by its proximity to the primary ore, large size, slightly rounded edges and corners, and smooth surface, which is slightly older and younger than Yu Zi. Gold jewelry, emeralds, hetian jade, tourmalines, crystals, silver ornaments, diamonds and precious stones "
3. Mountain material: also known as mountain jade, or Gai Baoyu, refers to the primary mine produced on the mountain. The characteristics of mountain materials are different in size, angular and uneven, and the quality is often not as good as that of landscape jade. Strictly speaking, the mountain material has not been baptized by nature and has not absorbed the essence of the universe. It should be called jade, not jade.
From Qin Shihuang, China implemented the emperor system until the Qing Dynasty, and Hetian jade became the imperial jade. Most of the jade articles in the palace are Hetian jade. In particular, the imperial seals are mostly made of jade, most of which are Hetian jade. . . The most professional jewelry exchange forum and jewelry trading platform in China, including diamond, gold, jade, jadeite, hetian jade, crystal, precious stones, silver ornaments and other professional plates, and provides today's gold prices and international diamond price lists of major jewelry companies.
White jade: white, delicate, moist and slightly transparent, just like sheep fat, so it is called sheep fat white jade; Opaque, poor gloss is white jade | Today's Gold Price Forum Diamond Jinyu Hetian Jade.
Sapphire and sapphire: dark gray-green to blue-green, opaque; Blue white jade is a transitional type between blue jade and white jade, which is grayish green.
Jasper: Dark green (spinach green) with rough texture. Jasper is not only produced in Xinjiang, but nephrite produced at home and abroad is collectively called jasper.
Spray: mainly containing dispersed carbon or graphite, showing gray-black or gray-black and white strips. If it is all black, it is called jet.
Topaz: It is made of white jade infiltrated by limonite, and it is beige to yellow.
Xinjiang jade is one of the traditional jade varieties in China. It occupies a leading position in traditional jade because of its delicate texture, pure and pleasant color, such as "body-like congealing fat, clean and intrinsic, thick and moist, close pulse and loud sound", and Hetian area is also the most famous origin of jade in Xinjiang, so it is also called "Hetian jade". Its texture is hard and delicate. Hetian jade in Xinjiang, also known as nephrite, is mainly composed of actinolite in amphibole minerals. It is found in the snow and ice in mountainous areas and river beds in Xinjiang.
Jade culture is one of the oldest and most representative ancient cultures of oriental civilization. Jade represents noble character, beauty and dignity. At the end of June, 2003, 5438+ 10, the selection of "National Jade" in China, which lasted several years, ended. Balin stone in Inner Mongolia was rated as one of the "beautiful stones", and Hetian jade in Xinjiang was also awarded the title of "beautiful jade". It was officially named "National Stone of China" by China Gemstone Association. Gems are non-renewable, and good raw materials for gems are very scarce in resources. With more and more exploitation, there will be less and less. The gem making process belongs to the traditional national craft, which is carved by designers and artists by hand. Moreover, each work has its own theme, cultural and artistic characteristics, which is quite collectible. Jade culture has a strong cultural flavor in China, and jade has always been the favorite and collection focus of emperors, princes and wealthy families.