Second, after:
1 and 1856, Britain captured pirates from the China ship "Arrow" in Huangpu, Guangzhou, and sent troops to attack Guangzhou. France invaded China on the pretext that French Catholic priest Marais was killed in Xilin, Guangxi.
2. 1858 After the British and French allied forces shelled Dagu Fort on May 20th, the Qing government signed the Tianjin Treaty with Russia, Britain, France and the United States under the intimidation of the British and French invaders.
3. In the second battle of Dagukou, the British and French allied forces were defeated. 1860, British and French troops landed from Beitang, invaded Tianjin, then invaded Beijing, looted and burned Yuanmingyuan. The Qing court appointed Yi Xin as the plenipotentiary, responsible for the Sino-British and Sino-French peace negotiations and the signing of the Beijing Treaty.
Results: After the withdrawal of the British and French allied forces, the Qing government signed a series of unequal treaties with the invaders, a large number of territories were ceded, and the semi-colonization of China society was further deepened.
Fourth, the impact:
1. Politically, China lost more sovereignty and territory, and China lost 1 more than 10,000 square kilometers of land.
2. Economically, the foreign invasion forces expanded to the coastal provinces of China and extended to the inland of China, which facilitated the great powers to dump goods and plunder cheap raw materials and labor, and made China suffer the aggressive impact of capitalist economy.
3. The semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China has been further deepened.
The Second Opium War was a war of aggression against China jointly launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States. In order to further open the China market and expand the interests of aggression in China, Britain and France used the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in China as an excuse to jointly attack the Qing government under the pretext of Yarrow Incident and Ma Fu Incident.
1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing, and the Qing emperor fled to Chengde. British and French troops invaded Yuanmingyuan, plundered jewels and burned them. After Russia sent troops to participate in the war, it claimed that "mediation was successful" and coerced the Qing government to cede more than 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of territory, becoming the biggest winner. The war ended with the Qing government being forced to sign the Beijing Treaty.
The Second Opium War forced the Qing government to successively sign the Tianjin Treaty, the Beijing Treaty, the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty and other peace treaties, and the invasion of foreign powers deepened. As a result, China lost 1.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest. After the war, the Qing government was able to concentrate on suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and maintaining its rule.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-The Second Opium War