According to legend, whoever can find the foothold of the rainbow will find eternal happiness and wealth. Although the rainbow often exists, it can never find its starting point. Until 1500, a Portuguese exploration team found a gem in Brazil, which flashed with colorful neon lights. Just like a rainbow shooting from the sky to the center of the earth, ordinary stones bathed in the rainbow got all kinds of colors contained in the world along the way and were washed crystal clear. Not all stones are so lucky. This kind of gem hidden in the resting place of the rainbow is called tourmaline by later generations, and it is also called "rainbow falling into the world". At present, there are tourmaline, ruby, sapphire, aquamarine, tanzanite, emerald and so on. , with natural color, is classified as colored gems, and is deeply loved by the public, with huge market value-added space. The chemical composition of the material is (Na, K, Ca) (Al, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn) 3 (Al, Cr, Fe, V) 6 (BO3) 3 (Si6O 18) (Oh, F) 4. Optical properties: anisotropic body, uniaxial, negative optics. Polychromaticity: medium to strong, with different shades of body color. Ultraviolet fluorescence: generally none; Pink tourmaline: reddish to purple under long and short waves. Absorption spectrum: red and pink tourmaline: green light absorption bandwidth, sometimes narrow band of 525nm, visible absorption lines of 45 1 nm and 458 nm. Blue and green tourmaline: it has universal absorption in red region and strong absorption band at 498nm. Magnification inspection: gas-liquid inclusions, irregular tubular inclusions and parallel line inclusions. Glass and tourmaline: judging from the internal inclusions, there are often small and round obvious bubbles in glass, but tourmaline inclusions do not. There is another way for glass to pass off as tourmaline, that is, to pass off cracked glass as rough tourmaline. This kind of glass is usually dyed after bursting, so the color dyes are gathered in the gap, which is easy to distinguish by light transmission observation. 1, color: rose red, purple red, green and pure blue and pretty watermelon are the best colors, followed by pink and yellow, colorless and black. In the same color, according to the richness of the color, it is divided into four grades, which are dark, medium and dark. 2. Cleanliness: Require as few internal defects as possible, and the crystal clear tourmaline has the highest price. Tourmaline contains many cracks and gas-liquid inclusions, and is usually used as jade carving material. The clarity of tourmaline is divided into six grades in the world, namely, slight variegated (VVF), obvious variegated (VL), slight cotton wool (VS), obvious cotton wool (S) and unclear (C). 3. Transparency: Transparency refers to the transparency of tourmaline. The more transparent it is like glass, the higher its value, and its international rating is 4. Distinguished characters (SF), distinguished shapes (SS), light transmittance (SL) and opacity (NL). 4. Workmanship/cutting: Workmanship, inspecting the technical level of appearance polishing of tourmaline carvings and bead chains. Compared with tourmaline ring surface, it mainly examines the cutting of its surface, and the cutting should be regular, symmetrical and polished. 5. Rarity: Rarity refers to the comprehensive index obtained by comprehensively considering the four basic attributes of tourmaline, such as color, weight, transparency and volume, which directly affects the market value of a tourmaline. Tourmaline origin foreign tourmaline origin Brazil is the best tourmaline in the world. The origin of Brazilian tourmaline is mainly concentrated in the state of Grasse in Minners. Tourmaline produced here is colorful. Up to now, more than 20 colors have been mined, including almost all the colors of tourmaline. Red tourmaline and green tourmaline produced in Brazil sell best, and they are the main mineral resources in Brazil, mostly occurring in the rich pegmatite veins in the local area. Paraiba, Brazil produces a blue-green tourmaline, which is expensive and rare, and the market is extremely hot, because it is named Paraiba tourmaline produced in Paraiba. California is also one of the main producing areas of tourmaline. The dikes mined in the United States have weathered, and a large number of feldspar has become rock-free soil. Therefore, the mining method of tourmaline mine in the United States is mainly digging, which is easier than mining tourmaline in other producing areas.
Russia's Siberia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Myanmar also have tourmalines, but the texture is not as good as that of Brazil. China tourmaline producing area Altay producing area Xinjiang
China tourmaline is produced in Keketuohai, Fuyun County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, where it is rich in gem-grade tourmaline. Xinjiang tourmaline is bright in color, with red, green and blue colors, large crystals and good quality.
Yunnan tourmaline producing area
Tourmaline produced in Yunnan is mainly distributed in Fugong, Yuanyang, Gongshan, Baoshan and other places, mostly transparent to translucent. Among them, pink, rose and peach tourmalines are mainly produced in Fugong and Yuanyang. Green tourmaline has a variety of colors, such as green, green, dark green, yellow-green, blue-green, grass green, light green and so on, with good texture, mainly produced in Gongshan, Fugong, Baoshan and other places; Blue tourmaline has sky blue, green blue, navy blue and other colors, mainly produced in Gongshan and Baoshan; Multicolor tourmaline is also produced in Fugong, Yunnan Province, but there are many cracks in the crystal and the transparency is poor.
Tourmaline produced in Inner Mongolia is mainly distributed in Wangligetai and other places in Urad Zhongqi, and it is rare to see large crystals and good transparency.
Fugong Latudo Tourmaline Mine is located in Latudo Village, Jiakedi Township, Fugong County, about 20 kilometers south of the county seat and 500 meters east of the highway. Distinguish and distinguish between crystal and tourmaline: mainly observe their colors. Generally speaking, the purple in crystal is rare, and the purple of tourmaline is generally lighter, with pink purple and light purple. On the other hand, the crystal is not as red and green as tourmaline (except crystal), so we can use the color difference between the two to roughly identify the true and false. Fluorite and tourmaline: From the hardness comparison, the hardness of tourmaline is 7.5 degrees on Mohs, while the hardness of fluorite is only about 4 degrees on Mohs. The two can be compared by scratching the glass. Secondly, when fluorite pretends to be tourmaline, it is often made of multicolor materials, but tourmaline has no purple. Just when the multicolor of fluorite appears, it often has purple, so it is also an effective means to distinguish fluorite from tourmaline. Optimization of Tourmaline When the quality of natural tourmaline is poor or not, manual methods are often used to improve its quality. Commonly used methods are: [1] heat treatment. The tourmaline with darker color is heated to make its color lighter, thus enhancing the transparency and improving the gem grade [3]. The red tourmaline edited by the irradiation department has a wide range of colors, mostly between pink and pink. Give it to the opposite sex to express love and occupy the other person's heart at the same time. Wear it to meet beautiful love and ideal partner, and make the friendship between husband and wife stronger. Ruby has a soft red color and stable energy emission, so women wear it with the effect of beauty beauty. It can strengthen people's leadership temperament and spread personal charm, which is very suitable for people who often deal with the public. It can bring people more connections and get more support. Tourmaline can also improve the relationship between people. It can eliminate people's indifference, isolation and eccentricity, make people easy to get along with, change others' preconceptions about themselves, and thus improve interpersonal relationships. Green tourmaline green light corresponds to the heart chakra, which can make people feel happy and happy. Green light is the light of wealth, which makes people feel happy and make money. It is also called "the stone of wealth". The green light is easy to make good friends, good relationships and good luck, and it is also easy to get the appreciation of the boss and the help of the nobles. Wearing green tourmaline can help to eliminate troubles, depression and unhappiness in the heart and bring real happiness and joy, especially for people with depression, autism or easy self-denial. Those who are weak, unwilling and unwilling to do things will help to find the pleasure of work, and they will be willing to devote themselves wholeheartedly and go all out to get the satisfaction of self-realization. Blue tourmaline blue tourmaline, corresponding to the throat chakra and the third eye, the main communication and sensitivity. Can effectively improve communication skills, expression skills and persuasion skills. People who are too generous, generous, generous and enthusiastic will be easily used by others because of carelessness, and wearing blue tourmaline can balance this character. Black tourmaline Black tourmaline looks dark. Can effectively eliminate stress, fatigue and turbidity, and improve health and luck. For people who are easily frightened and have nightmares at night, placing black tourmaline can stabilize the space energy field and ward off evil spirits. Wearing black tourmaline helps to protect patients from external interference, concentrate on treating diseases and enhance recovery speed. Colorless or light-colored, multi-colored tourmaline is irradiated with high-energy rays, and different irradiation time and dosage will make it appear different colors. Electron bombardment can also turn colorless or pink tourmaline into better red, but it will produce a lot of cracks [3]. Filling treatment uses materials such as resin to fill surface cavities and cracks to improve appearance and durability. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, we can see the gloss difference of the surface, and occasionally we can see bubbles in cracks and cavities. The "flash effect" can be seen along the fracture surface, and the absorption peak of organic matter can be seen in infrared spectrum [3]. The coated tourmaline is colorless or nearly colorless. After painting, it can show other colors, with bright colors and greatly enhanced luster. Only one refractive index may be displayed on the refractometer, which varies greatly and may exceed 1.70. [3] The first measure of maintenance is to put tourmaline jewelry in the jewelry box alone when you don't wear tourmaline jewelry at ordinary times. Don't let tourmaline jewelry collide with other jewelry, causing unnecessary losses. The second measure, tourmaline hardness is 7-8, which is relatively high, but tourmaline itself is brittle and afraid of breaking. Unless it is pure and flawless tourmaline, try not to wear tourmaline gems for strenuous exercise or heavy work, so as not to cause tourmaline gems to break. Third, it is a good habit to check and repair your jewelry regularly. Go to a professional jewelry store to check your tourmaline jewelry every month. If the gemstone falls off and is scratched, solve it in time. Fourth, if your friend's tourmaline jewelry is borderless inlaid and micro-inlaid, you should avoid bumping when wearing tourmaline jewelry, because the tourmaline jewelry inlaid in this way is beautiful, but not very strong, so be careful. Fifth, do not use high-temperature water for cleaning for a long time. If it is too hot, tourmaline will change color [4]. China Culture In China, the word "tourmaline" first appeared in the Qing Dynasty. There are related records in the ancient books of Qing Dynasty: "The name of Bi Yayao was recorded in China, but it was not published in detail. The Qing Dynasty canon says: Do concubines use Biya Ding? Yunnan has something to say, something to say, and something to thank and finish; Uji is also Bixia Creek. Everyone in this world is called Biya, or Bi, or, but the origin of the name is no problem, but it is a foreign dialect, so there is no doubt. " The contest between the three talents of Hehan has been purified in some historical works since the Qing Dynasty, and some names have appeared, such as "tourmaline", "bixia stone" and "seal stone", but people in modern society call this strange gem tourmaline. Legend has it that tourmaline is a favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi. There are many tourmaline jewelry in the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi, among which there are many precious varieties such as watermelon tourmaline. There are many people in China who especially like tourmaline jewelry, and the price of tourmaline jewelry has soared. Many friends will customize tourmaline jewelry for relatives and friends. There are many kinds of tourmaline ornaments, such as tourmaline bracelets, tourmaline rings, tourmaline pendants and so on.