1, emerald
Emerald, commonly known as "Emerald" in China, is a rising star in traditional jade in China, and also the top grade in all modern jade.
Emerald, whether it is "mountain material" (primary ore) or "seed material" (secondary ore), is mainly a dense block composed of jadeite minerals. Under the microscope, jadeite minerals that make up jadeite are closely intertwined, forming a fibrous structure of jadeite. This compact fiber structure makes jadeite delicate and tough.
2. nephrite
Nephrite has white jade, sapphire, jasper, topaz and jet in China.
Different from jadeite, they are compact blocks composed of tremolite actinolite minerals (mainly tremolite) in amphibole group minerals. Observing under the microscope, nephrite, like jadeite, has a fibrous structure. This fibrous structure composed of tremolite or actinolite is the main reason why nephrite has fine and tough properties.
3. xiuyan jade
Referred to as Xiuyu, it was named after Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province.
On the surface, the main variety of this kind of jade is similar to sapphire or jasper in Xinjiang, but its mineral composition and hardness are different. The main mineral that makes up Xiuyu is serpentine. The composition often contains ferrous and trivalent iron, and is also mixed with impurities such as manganese, aluminum, nickel and cobalt, which makes xiuyan jade have various colors.
4. Turquoise
Turquoise is a kind of cryptocrystalline dense block, which is mainly composed of fine turquoise minerals and contains phosphate of copper, aluminum and water, and usually occurs in secondary epithermal deposits. Most of them are sky blue, dark blue, blue-green and green, and those with strong weathering are green and white. It has a soft waxy luster. Hardness 6, specific gravity 2.6 ~ 2.8. The average refractive index is 1.6 1 ~ 1.63.
5. lantian jade
Lantian jade's name first appeared in History of Han Geography, and beautiful jade was produced in Lantian Mountain in the north of Beijing (now the north of Xi 'an).
Later, there were records of Lantian's jade production in ancient books such as Biography of consorts in the Later Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng's ode to Xijing, Guangya, Notes on Water Mirror and Yuanhe County Records.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Song said in "Heavenly Creations": "The so-called Lantian, that is, the alias of Qingling (Kunlun Mountain) jade, was later mistaken for Anliantian.
Extended data:
In China, jade is synonymous with beautiful stones. The ancients regarded jade as a treasure, and today people call precious jade Baoyu.
China is a country of jade, but in the jewelry, archaeology and geology of China, the definitions of jade, jade and precious stones are different.
Internationally, jade refers to nephrite and jadeite (jadeite), and other jade carving stones are collectively referred to as jade. Gem is a collection of one or more minerals with special optical effects, and most of them are single crystals of certain minerals, such as diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, opal, tourmaline, purple tooth black and so on.
References:
Jade-Baidu Encyclopedia