Venue: Ur, Iraq

Structure: masonry

Type: religious architecture

Six schools: ancient architecture

Ur Pagoda, also known as Zigrat Pagoda, is the best-preserved religious building in Sumer. The plane of the pagoda looks rectangular. The pagoda is divided into three layers, which gradually become smaller from bottom to top, and there is a temple at the top. The whole building is surrounded by a 2.5-meter-thick surface. Bricks are laid regularly and alternately, and the bricks on the surface are brushed with asphalt mortar to play a waterproof role. You can climb the pagoda through three brick steps in the north, and the middle step is for the procession holding the ceremony.

This pagoda was built as the wedding temple of the moon goddess Nana. In ancient times, there was a priestess in the pagoda, and they were all held by princesses selected according to tradition. After King Ullner Moher and his son Churkin came to power, they used the imperial resources in southern Mesopotamia to rebuild the ancient city of Ur and built this stupa in the center of the city. It is said that this pagoda is the prototype of Babel in the Bible. On the wall at the entrance of the Mesopotamian cultural relics exhibition in the National Museum of American History, there is a picture of the huge city of Urbabel, which was built by the third Ur dynasty in the 22nd century BC. This building is the best preserved one of its kind in Mesopotamia. What Colder Wei found in Babylon was only the remains of Babel. The Babel in city of ur was excavated by the British archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley (1880- 1960).

19 14 When the First World War broke out in August, the Otto Empire, as an ally of Germany, fought against the allies Britain, France and Russia. 19 17 In March, British troops occupied Baghdad. German archaeologists in Babylon were evacuated before the British occupation of Baghdad. German archaeological team has worked hard in Babylon for eighteen years and achieved fruitful results.

After World War I, the Otto Empire was divided. 192 1 year, the kingdom of Iraq was established on the land of Mesopotamia and became the trusteeship of Britain, which actually controlled the kingdom of Iraq.

19 18 Before the Armistice Day of World War I (1 1 month/day), the British Museum sent personnel to Mesopotamia for excavation. They found sites in ur, eredou and ubaid. 1922, the joint archaeological team of British Museum and University of Pennsylvania Museum led by Sir Wu Lai continued to excavate in Ur and Obeid, and their work here continued until 1934.

In addition to discovering the Babel of the Third Dynasty in Ur, they also discovered the "Royal Mausoleum" in the 26th century BC, and unearthed treasures such as gold, silver, bronzes, musical instruments, weapons and mosaics. These tombs reflect the rich life and high culture and art at that time. In the 20th century, people seldom knew about Sumerians, but in 1930s, people almost knew that Sumerians were the earliest members in the history of human civilization, mainly because of Wu Lai's amazing discovery in city of ur.

1956, American scholar Kramer published the book History Begins in the Soviet Union and the United States. He found that this nation first discovered, created or recorded 27 things, and the Soviet Union and the United States became the "cradle of human civilization". Since the Soviet Union and the United States, the Mesopotamian civilization has been born for 3,000 years. The ancient city of Ur is located near the Euphrates River in ancient Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), and the Temple of Urta stands on this great city.

The Temple of Urta was built by Sumerians during the reign of King Mo of Ullner from 2 1 12 BC to 2095 BC. It is a solid brick with a length of 64 meters and a width of 46 meters. Baota Temple was originally located in the corner of a sacred area with other temples. Baota Temple is generally the tower of a temple, which looks like a pyramid in appearance. Urta Temple has three steps, each with a level of 100, leading to the porch between the first floor and the second floor platform. One more step from here, you will reach the top of the pagoda temple and the small altar dedicated to Nannu. Luna is the god of the ancient city of Ur.

Most of the temple of Urta still stands after a long time, which is the most important building left by Sumerians. Prophet Abraham was born and lived in city of ur. At that time, the city was located in a green farmland with a moat around it. Now ur is located in a desert area almost covered by sand dunes. The Euphrates River no longer flows through city of ur, but it has been changed and flows in another direction. Iraq, about 2500 BC

City of ur. In the 1920s, Sir Leonard Woolley, a British archaeologist, discovered a cruel phenomenon while excavating city of ur. He found the tomb of the ancient king of city of ur, and all kinds of traces related to an ugly burial custom.

Around 4500 BC, city of ur was a small village, located by the Euphrates River in lamia, Mesopotamia. Around 2500 BC, it had become a prosperous city and the capital of Sumer in southern Mesopotamia.

Near the pyramid-shaped temple, Woolley found an imperial tomb. It includes 16 tombs, which Woolley called "Death Cellar", which is the graveyard of Sumerian kings and queens. However, members of the royal family were not buried alone. They took courtiers and servants to hades.

When the bodies of the king and queen were put into the graves, a long line of courtiers, servants and musicians also entered the death cellar. They wear the most beautiful clothes and carry gold, jewels and other sacrifices. In the mausoleum, after drinking poison, they lay in rows waiting for death.

City of ur's royal objects were found in a tomb-a hollow box. The pattern depicting peace and war on the box wall is made of shells and lapis lazuli. This shrub made of gold and lapis lazuli contains rams, or goats, which are buried with people in the mausoleum. In the tomb of Queen Subad, a maid's finger is still resting on the strings of the harp. The tomb buried 74 servants.