France and the United States used the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement to endanger the Qing regime and put forward unreasonable demands to the Qing government, such as amending the treaty of nanking, but failed. 1856 10 British troops invaded Guangzhou under the pretext of "Yarrow Incident". The following year, France also used the "Father Ma incident" as an excuse to form an alliance with Britain and captured Guangzhou in 65438+February. 1In May, 858, the British ship attacked Dagu Fort in the north, approaching Tianjin. In June, the Qing government sent personnel to Tianjin to sign the Tianjin Treaty with Britain, France, the United States and Russia. 1859, the British and French allied forces attacked Dagu Fort under the pretext of exchanging contracts, but they were badly hit and fled in panic. 1860 In August, the British and French allied forces attacked Dagu again and occupied Tianjin after landing in Beitang. It invaded Beijing in September and 5438+ 10 in June. The plunder of British and French allied forces in Beijing will be called "China Jane"
The Pearl Yuanmingyuan was robbed and burned. However, the Qing Dynasty succumbed to the aggressor's force, sent representatives to exchange the Tianjin Treaty with Britain and France, and signed the Beijing Treaty, which opened more commercial ports and ceded land compensation, further losing China's massive sovereignty.