Xue Le and Guo Xue Classics of Zhidao D496
The world beyond Zhuangzi.
The title of the article "Heaven and Earth" and the following article "Heaven and Heaven" are the first sentences of the first chapter. Although there is no special meaning, except for the world-famous article Tianxia, only the three serials of Heaven and Earth, Heaven and Heaven in Zhuangzi are marked with the word "Heaven", which not only highlights.
Heaven and earth run through inaction and promising, morality and righteousness. At the beginning, it says "its monarch" and "ruling the world", followed by "the meaning of monarch and minister" and "official ruling the world", followed by "virtuous rule" and "dutiful son".
Liu, a great scholar of Zhuangzi in the Qing Dynasty, commented on heaven and earth in this way: this article is extremely refined and exquisite by combining Tao and heaven. Lord of heaven, smelly land, nothing, so it can be transported without words; The beauty of Tao, living without a fixed place, can contain everything. The first paragraph ends with the word "Xuan" to explore the roots of heaven and earth and reveal the spirit of Tao. This sentence alone is worth 5,000 words of the true solution of the Tao Te Ching. The following have no intention of doing nothing, and all have invented the meaning of the word "Xuan". Another feature of "Zhu Xuan" and "Xuande" is the word "Xuande", which is a spiritual gathering and a blood connection. The rest of the narrative is fragmentary, although scattered and fragmented, while the mountains and peaks crisscross, and the clouds communicate with each other, forming their own spiritual realm. Enjoy it layer by layer, and you can get its spiritual interest through the calendar. There is no need to tie it to the rules, but to strengthen it.
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original text
Although the world is big, its transformation is also [1]; Although there are many things, cure one; Although there are many people [2], their masters are also. Jun was born in virtue and became in heaven, so the mysterious and ancient monarch is on earth, and virtue is in heaven by doing nothing [3].
From the Taoist point of view, the king of the world is right. The Taoist point of view points out the meaning of monarch and minister. The Taoist point of view can govern the world, and the Taoist point of view should be prepared for everything. Therefore, those who pass through the world are also virtuous; Who walks in all things, Tao also; Governing people on the top, things are also [4]; People who can be artistic are skilled. Skills can help, things can help, righteousness can help, virtue can help, virtue can help, and Tao can help. Therefore, in ancient times, animals were all over the world [5]. Without desire, the world was full, doing nothing, everything was peaceful, and people were firm [6]. "Ji" said: "If you know one thing, everything will be finished, and you will be convinced without experience."
The master said, "Master Tao, whoever covers everything is magnificent [7]! A gentleman can't be absent-minded [8]. Doing nothing is heaven [9], doing nothing is virtue, loving people is benevolence [10], being different is big [1 1], being different is wide [12], and being rich in all aspects [13]. Therefore, upholding virtue is called discipline [14], achieving virtue is called standing [15], following the path and calling for preparation, and not ending in frustration. If a gentleman knows these ten things, he will worry about his big heart and die for everything. If so, hiding gold in the mountains and pearls and Yu Yuan is not conducive to wealth and goods, not close to your wealth; Do not like life, do not mourn; Don't be incompetent, ugly and poor [16]; Don't stick to your own interests [17], and don't take the world for yourself. It is clear that everything is in one room, and life and death are the same. "
Confucius said, "The way of a husband is as deep as his residence and as clear as his clearness [18]. Stone can't hear, and there is no sound. Therefore, the stone makes a sound, but it does not make a sound without inspection [19]. Everything can be decided! Wang Dezhi, a husband ashamed of his death, knows the truth and God. Therefore, its virtue is broad, its heart is out, and it is adopted by things Therefore, the shape is not born, and the morality is unknown. Living in poverty, Lide Ming Dow, those who are not Wang De are evil! Swing! Suddenly, I was furious and everything followed! This is Wang Dezhi. Invisible, inaudible. In the dark, I saw it alone; Silent, how to smell alone. Therefore, deep and profound, can be profound, God can be profound and refined. Therefore, it is connected with everything, which means nothing to it. When it is good, it needs its capacity, size, length and distance. "
To annotate ...
[1] transformation: change, movement. Average: balanced. [2] people: people. [3] Tiande: Let nature take its course and enjoy yourself. [4] Things: Everything has its own abilities because of its nature. [5] Livestock: Feeding. [6] jing yuan: Deep and quiet, not disturbing people. [7] Yang Yang: Grand debut. [8] Cue (kū) heart: clear your mind. [9] inaction: do it with an attitude of inaction. [10] Lover: Bring love to people. Benefit: bring benefits to all things. [1 1] Different things are the same: let different things return to the same essence. [12] Cliff: majestic and arrogant. Different: strange. [13] There are 10,000 differences: it means that there are 10,000 differences in mind. [14] hold: hold. Germany: Natural endowment. Ji: Gang Ji. Li: Establish a community. [16] Ugliness: shame; Not ugly or poor: don't be ashamed of being poor. [17] detention (gūu): pass the "hook" to get it. Private sector (fèn): internal affairs of the private sector. Leo: I see. [19] test: knock on the door.
translate
Although heaven and earth are big, their laws of movement and change are consistent; Although everything is complicated, it develops from bottom to top according to its own laws; Although there are many people, their master is only a monarch. The monarch's management of the world should be based on conforming to things and doing things naturally. Therefore, the ancient monarch ruled by inaction and followed nature.
Looking at the names of things from the perspective of Tao, then the inaction monarch deserves the proper name; If we look at the duty from the point of view of Tao, then the virtue of monarch and minister will be clear; Looking at talents from a Taoist perspective, all officials in the world will do their best; From the concept of Tao, everything is self-sufficient. Therefore, people who are connected with heaven and earth rely on Tiande; Can pass everything and rely on the Tao; People who rule the people from top to bottom rely on the administration of ceremony, music and punishment; There are many talents, relying on skills. Technology comes down to business, business comes down to righteousness, righteousness comes down to complacency, virtue comes down to letting nature take its course, and letting nature take its course comes down to the natural nature of things. Therefore, the monarch who ruled the world in ancient times, although without self-interest, could make the world rich, implement the policy of inaction, and let everything drift with the tide, deep and silent, and the people are stable. The ancient book "Ji" said: "If you know the road, everything will be done. If you don't have greed, ghosts and gods will stay at a distance."
Mr. Wang said, "Tao covers everything, which is vast and boundless!" " A gentleman must open his heart and get rid of all promising distractions. Let everything change without interference. This kind of behavior is heaven. It shows the essence of objects with silence. This kind of behavior is virtue. Showing love and kindness to people and things is benevolence. It is great to let different things return to the same essence. Tolerance is consistent with public behavior. It is wealth to contain all kinds of differences in your heart. Therefore, adhering to the temperament endowed by nature is called self-discipline, the formation of virtue is called contribution to matter, following the Tao is called self-cultivation, and not being frustrated by foreign things is called perfection. Gentlemen understand the above ten aspects, that is, people who are tolerant of all things and broad-minded become the destination of all things. If this is the case, you can hide your gold in the mountains and your jewels in the abyss, without coveting property or pursuing wealth; Don't take pleasure in longevity, don't grieve for premature death, don't be proud of understanding, and don't be ashamed of poverty; Don't take self-interest as your own responsibility, and don't put yourself in a prominent position by ruling the world. Fame will show off, everything boils down to the same, life and death are the same. "
Mr. Wang also said: "Tao, it is as quiet as a deep and peaceful deep sea, and as clean as Ming Che. Stone objects, such as chimes, chimes, etc., can't ring without external force. Therefore, although artifacts such as bells and chimes contain sounds, they will not ring unless they are knocked. No one can know everything accurately! People with noble virtue and dominant position should act with simple true feelings, be ashamed of being familiar with trivial matters, and reach the mysterious realm on the basis of inner truth and wisdom. Therefore, his virtue is sacred and broad, even if his mind is revealed, it is because of the exploration of foreign things that he makes a natural response. Therefore, form is inseparable from Tao, and life is inseparable from Shunde. Preserve your health, enjoy life, establish virtue and understand the road. Isn't this a virtuous person? Broad and great! Suddenly appeared, full of energy, but everything followed them closely! This is a man with great virtue and a dominant position. Tao looks so deep, but it sounds so silent. See the bright scene in the dark and hear the harmonious sound in the silence. Deep and deep, it can still dominate everything, and the mystery and mystery can also be seen. Therefore, when the Tao is connected with everything, although it is very weak, it can meet the needs of everything and become the destination of everything at any time, no matter how big or small, long or short, deep or far. "