26th International Geological Congress (IGC)
According to the report of R. Durenpei, President of the International Geological Union, "Plate tectonic theory continues to dominate the field of geological thought. Although a few geologists doubt the principle of plate tectonics, many geologists re-evaluate some unique viewpoints of plate tectonics. " Many special reports of the conference are still based on the theory of plate tectonics, especially the theory of plate tectonics has turned from ocean to land, which is called a major turning point of "the landing of plate tectonics theory", and some new disciplines have emerged, such as new orogenic belts and ophiolite.
2.65438+27th International Geological Congress was held in Moscow, Soviet Union in August, 0984.
It mainly reflects the achievements of marine geology and deep geology, especially the research on the composition, structure and evolution of the marine crust. The report on the history and complexity of the formation and development of the Asian continent made by A. г Hain, a famous geotectonist in the Soviet Union, aroused great interest of the scholars attending the meeting. Belousov, a famous geologist in the Soviet Union, put forward a viewpoint different from the plate tectonic theory according to the new data of seismic sounding in the western end of Tianshan-Himalaya. It is considered that the seismic activity of lithosphere in this area is controlled by geodynamics, and the formation of Central Asian Plateau is not the result of the collision between Indian plate and European plate described by plate theorists. There was a wonderful report on the structure and seismic structure of oil-bearing basins at the meeting.
3.1The 28th International Geological Congress was held in Washington in July, 1989.
It fully embodies the viewpoints of plate tectonics and activity theory. Among them, B.E. Cain, a Soviet geotectonist, systematically discussed the achievements, progress, existing problems and prospects of theoretical research on plate tectonics from the present situation and future development of plate tectonics. He put forward the problem of 12 as a supplementary suggestion for further discussion of plate tectonic theory, which promoted the development of plate tectonic theory in depth.
Of course, the views on plate tectonics are completely different, and it is more and more difficult to evaluate its present situation and development comprehensively and objectively. Some people think that the birth of plate tectonic theory is a revolution in geology, which has been completed after nearly 20 years of exploration, or basically completed the revolution of geological science based on plate tectonic theory. Some scholars believe that plate tectonics has only made quantitative progress in the past 10 years, lacking qualitative breakthrough, especially in solving continental geological problems, which makes plate tectonics theory encounter difficulties. A few geologists believe that plate tectonics theory is on the verge of crisis due to some difficulties and will be replaced by new theories in the future. This meeting discussed 16 geotectonic symposium, including evolution of crustal rift system, geological structure, accretion and composite structure, neotectonic deformation of continental margin around the Pacific Ocean, lithospheric dynamics and sedimentary structure.
In recent 10 years, it should be acknowledged that new progress has been made in the study of plate driving force, plate dynamic mechanism and tectonic stress field.
4.65438+129th International Geological Congress held in Kyoto, Japan in August, 1992.
The origin and evolution of the earth are highlighted, especially the island arc as the center, and the evolution history of the earth and human existence is discussed in detail. Because the origin and evolution of the earth involves the tectonic problems of the earth, papers and reports on plate tectonics have attracted more geologists' attention. Due to the deepening understanding of the mantle in recent years, the theory of "giant mantle plume" put forward at the meeting has aroused extensive discussion, and many papers have systematically demonstrated the importance of crust-mantle mixing in subduction zones. Have a further understanding of the splicing of several supercontinents in the history of the earth; Some papers put forward the concept of bidirectional subduction of deep structure in continental orogenic belt; The study of fluid action in subduction zone also puts forward a new viewpoint. In addition, the concepts of continental dynamics, interlayer earth view, magmatic pulsation theory and ultraplate theory have aroused great interest and heated discussion among geologists attending the meeting.
5.65438+130th International Geological Congress held in Beijing, China in 1996.
Around the discussion of "continental geology", Professor K. Burke, former chairman of the International Lithosphere Commission and the University of Houston, gave an academic report on "Progress in Continental Dynamics". Starting from 1973, plate tectonics theory was developed to explain the historical development of earth geology. He believes that the application of plate tectonics theory in continental geology can understand the movement and process of the whole continent under the global background and reveal the horizontal movement and structural traces of the continent, which is much more complicated than the ocean. Due to the particularity of continental geological structure framework, many important problems have not been scientifically demonstrated, and even the plate tectonic theory has obvious limitations in solving continental geological problems. Therefore, it is necessary to break through the original plate tectonic theoretical model and propose a new field of continental dynamics. Burke's report comprehensively discusses the present situation and development trend of continental dynamics research, and puts forward that the active orogenic environment in 2 1 century is still one of the key points.
Xiao Xuchang, a geologist in China, gave a report on the tectonic evolution and uplift mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the theme meeting. Based on a large number of detailed geological and geophysical exploration data, he proposed a multi-stage, multi-level and multi-factor uplift mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and discussed the stress sources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the basis of the analysis of simulated experimental data. Because the study area has become a demonstration area of international cooperation and a hot spot with unique geological conditions in the global tectonic belt, it has attracted the attention and praise of many geologists.
At the above seminar, many geologists in China unveiled the mystery of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and expounded the geophysical characteristics, geological history, uplift reasons and uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which attracted people's attention. Because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as "the roof of the world" and "the roof of the world of the earth", the geological research results here will be the "golden key" to unlock crustal dynamics, and of course the "touchstone" of plate tectonic theory. The achievements of geologists in China have been entrusted by the world geological community.
As we all know, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "roof of the world" and the "roof of the earth world", has long been an international model area for international continental geology and geodynamics research. Since 1980s, geologists in China have cooperated with French, American and German geologists respectively, and made gratifying achievements in field investigation and indoor research. Especially during the period of 1979- 1980, the China Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences held an academic seminar on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to exchange and summarize the theoretical and practical problems in the study area.
From 65438 to 0992, China independently launched the national climbing plan-"Study on the Formation, Evolution, Environmental Change and Ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". This is a comprehensive research plan including continental dynamics. At the same time, the Ministry of Minerals of China has established major basic research projects such as "Lithospheric Structure and Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Influence on Continental Deformation" and "Orogenic Deformation and Uplift Mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". Famous geologists Xiao Xuchang, Li Tingdong and other academicians divided the plateau orogenic belt into four categories: Himalayan subduction-superposition type, Hengduan collision-strike-slip type, Qilian intracontinental-superposition regeneration type and Altun intracontinental-strike-slip regeneration type, and put forward a new understanding that there is no "ocean" and "big drift" in the study area.
Famous geologists in China, such as Shi Yafeng, Liu Dongsheng and Academician Sun Honglie. , has studied Mount Qomolangma (1964), Mount Everest (1966- 1968) and Nanga Bawa (1984- 1985). On the basis of comprehensive research, this paper puts forward scientific conclusions on the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its mechanism, including major topics such as glacial activity, ice age division, Quaternary climate change, neotectonic activity, the time and extent of plateau uplift, and the relationship with human activities, so as to provide scientific basis for comprehensively revealing the mysteries of plateau geological bodies.
At present, China geologists' research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has entered the stage of global research from regional research and theoretical summary from image thinking, which is expected to sublimate new theories, new viewpoints and new understandings, enrich scientists' views on nature and methodology, and make contributions to the development and breakthrough of geological science.