Chalcedony is the most common jade variety in nature and one of the oldest jade varieties in human history. As early as the Neolithic Age, China appeared as an ornament, and has been emerging one after another ever since. Characteristics of chalcedony The color of chalcedony is rich and colorful, and some varieties have strange patterns and beautiful patterns, which are amazing. Chalcedony is rich in output and low in price, but it does not affect its unique aesthetic feeling and ability to conquer the public. In ancient times, it was exclusive to princes, nobles, businessmen and the rich. Now, it has entered the homes of ordinary people and become a popular jade variety. The chemical composition of chalcedony is also SiO2 _ 2, which is an aggregate of cryptocrystalline materials. So the texture of chalcedony is very delicate. Chalcedony is colorless or white when it is pure, but it usually contains vehicles or a small amount of other minerals, which makes it colorful. When other minerals contained in shoes are unevenly distributed or regularly distributed, various patterns or ribbon patterns will appear, which is extremely beautiful. Chalcedony has a hardness of about 6.5, a density of 2.58~2.64 and a refractive index of 1.53~ 1.54. Translucent to slightly transparent, glass luster to grease luster, good toughness, almost all colors can be seen. Classification and varieties of chalcedony can be divided into three categories: ordinary chalcedony, agate and jasper according to its color, pattern and internal inclusion characteristics. There are many varieties in each category. (1) Common chalcedony: refers to chalcedony with uniform color, no stripes, bright and beautiful appearance. Most of them are translucent and have a strong texture, so they are also popular handicrafts and jewelry materials. Its colors are white, red, yellow, brown and green. Its varieties are divided into red chalcedony, red chalcedony, green chalcedony, green chalcedony, black chalcedony and white chalcedony. In Britain and Australia, carnelian and ruby are designated as July Birthday Stone, which symbolizes enthusiasm, kindness and majesty. Chlorite and emerald are designated as the birthstone of May, symbolizing luck and happiness. Jade, known as "Australian jade" or "incarnation stone", is chrysoprase produced in Australia. It is green and beautiful, comparable to the Philippines, but much cheaper. (2) Pyrite: refers to the pulp containing mineral impurities such as clay minerals and iron oxide, also known as liver stone. Its impurity content often reaches more than 15%. Because the texture is impure, it is usually opaque or slightly transparent, and its luster is slightly darker than that of ordinary chalcedony. Bish also has rich colors. Its varieties are divided by color, including red, green, white and yellow. In fact, tourmaline is often uneven in texture and varied in color. In addition to monochrome varieties, variegated varieties are also common. A tourmaline with red and brownish red spots on a dark green background is called "blood drop stone" or "blood star stone", "blood star stone" and "blood stone", which is very beautiful because of its large color contrast and strong visual effect. In the jewelry customs of many countries, it, together with aquamarine, is designated as the birthstone of March, symbolizing calmness, courage and wisdom. When there are more than two colors in jasper that make up various banded or picturesque patterns, they are collectively called "pictographic jasper", and can also be specifically divided into banded jasper and scenic jasper. Most of these jasper are directly used as ornamental stones. (3) Agate: It is the chalcedony with concentric layered stripes, parallel stripes or various patterns, and usually contains no or a small amount of clay impurities. Agate has many patterns. The word "agate" comes from Buddhist scriptures. The Sanskrit transliteration of "Asmagapo" means "horse brain", which is named because the color and texture of this jade are similar to horse brain. Because this "horse brain" belongs to jade, the ancients translated its meaning and got the word "agate". Classification and varieties of agate Ancient people often gave them specific names according to their patterns and colors. Therefore, there are many names, such as "Golden Red Agate", "Bamboo Leaf Agate", "Arc Agate", "Sauced Agate", "Embroidered Agate", "White Agate" and so on. We can know their patterns and colors by their names. Modern agate classification also considers its pattern characteristics and colors. According to the differences of colors, patterns, special optical effects and special inclusions, agates are divided into four categories and multiple varieties. One kind: according to the outstanding color characteristics, this agate is single in color, mainly in one color, and its beautiful stripes are shown in shades or different tones. According to its main colors, it is usually divided into red agate, blue agate, purple agate, green agate, yellow agate, blue agate and white agate, among which natural blue agate, purple agate and green agate are relatively rare, and what is seen in the market is basically dyed. Red agate is red agate, which mainly has brown red, sauce red, bright red, orange red and other colors. Known as "red jade" in ancient times, it is one of the best varieties of agate. The jargon "Agate is not red for life" means that agate is not red and its value is not high. This is because there are not many real natural red agates, especially large ones, and the natural price is high. Nowadays, with the development of heat treatment and dyeing technology, red agate has become very common and cheap. The second category: according to the prominent mode. This agate is good at patterns. According to the different characteristics of its patterns or patterns, it can be divided into the following varieties: onyx: refers to agate with patterns. Originally refers to white silk products, fine as silk. Onyx refers to agate with very fine parallel stripes. This variety is generally limited in color. There is a variety with different shades of color to form fine lines, and there are also two varieties with alternating colors. One of the most famous varieties should be "silk-wrapped agate", which is a kind of variety with fine parallel stripes of red or maroon and white, very similar to winding white silk thread on a red spool, very beautiful. In the jewelry customs of many countries, it is designated as the birthstone of August together with olivine. With its lingering, it symbolizes the happiness and harmony of husband and wife, and is known as the "happiness stone", which is favored. Onyx has different colors and varieties. There are black and white onyx and red onyx. In addition to the above red and white onyx, there are black and white onyx, red onyx, brown and white onyx, brown and black onyx and so on. Red agate and red and white agate are the best. Ribbon agate: refers to agate with wide parallel stripes. Usually, stripes are monochrome with different shades, or are composed of two colors alternately, at least more than two colors. According to their different colors, they can also be divided into multiple varieties. In addition, all kinds of dark agate with leucorrhea are called "zygote agate". Scenic agate: When different colors, patterns and opaque impurities in agate are combined to form pictures of people, animals and plants or clouds, sunrises and landscapes, it is naturally called "scenic agate". Truly artistic, agate in scenic spots is not easy to get, and is often collected because of its high value. Among the beautiful agates, the unique agate belongs to "moss agate" or "aquatic agate". Because one of them is more common and the other is older, it is very famous. Translucent to transparent colorless or milky white agate, which contains opaque impurities such as iron oxide, manganese oxide or chlorite, and its impurities form patterns such as mosses, aquatic plants and cypresses, and the colors are mostly green, hence the name. But you can also see monochrome or mixed colors of different colors such as brown, maroon, yellow and black. You can often see such patterns, such as floating aquatic plants in the lake, or the reflection of weeds in the forest near the water, or the complete dyeing of the forest in Shan Ye. Like a natural scroll of plants, it is beautiful and magical. Many of the famous rain flower stones in Nanjing, China are artistic treasures, and they are called "a must in China" and "a must in Jinling". Most of the fine products are "landscape agate". In a small agate cobblestone, you can enjoy the ancient and modern scenery and Chinese and foreign places of interest, which is refreshing. In addition, "cloud agate" or "Tanagate" refers to agate with the feeling of being surrounded or covered by clouds. "Tortoise back agate" refers to agate with a pattern similar to that of tortoise back. Similarly, according to the shape of the pattern, there are also "torch agate", "mushroom agate" and "wall agate". Landscape agate is rarely used to carve jade materials, unless it is necessary for theme design. Usually, it's fun to be an ornamental stone directly, or put it on a case, or put it in the water, or play with it in the palm of your hand. Three kinds: agate with special optical effects. This kind of agate is relatively rare, mainly refers to agate varieties with some special optical effects, and usually two kinds can be seen. Agate: This kind of agate has a layered structure, and there are thin layers of wrapped substances, such as flaky mineral crystals of iron oxide. When the light shines, it will produce thin film interference and will flash a fiery glow, so it is called agate. Flash agate: Due to the irradiation of light, agate stripes interfere with each other, resulting in light and shade changes. It's easier to find after polishing. When the incident light irradiation angle changes, its shadow line will also change, which is very beautiful and interesting. This variety of agate is found in Yuhuatai, Xinjiang and Nanjing, but it is rare. Four species: water bile agate agate is famous for its peculiar inclusions, and its inner cavity is closed, containing water or aqueous solution. This agate is called water bile agate. Make a cackle when shaking. It is best to be "bold" and "water". Water bile agate is an excellent jade carving material with high transparency and no cracks and flaws. Beijing Jade Factory used the color change of agate to carve a "waterfall with flowing water on the peak": a charming deer ran into the pool (water sac) to drink water, which was full of fun. The "Taibai Zui" water bile agate handicraft of Great Wall Arts and Crafts Factory depicts the vivid image of Brewmaster poet Li Taibai lying in the altar (water gallbladder) empire. The use of water gall in the above works can be described as extreme. Natural water bile agate, especially good quality, is extremely rare, so its handicrafts become rare. There are many varieties of agate, but most of them belong to the above four categories. The technical requirements are usually: if there are prominent stripes, the clearer and finer the stripes are, the more precious they are; Those with outstanding colors, red, blue and purple, and the right colors are the most precious; Those with outstanding patterns are the most precious, with both artistic conception and modeling; Those with special optical effects, the stronger and more obvious their unique optical effects, the more precious they are; Water bile agate is characterized by its generosity, abundant water and high transparency. All varieties require as few cracks as possible. No cracks are the best, even if there are, they should be few, short and shallow, which will not affect the application. In addition, in addition to the water bag and the available beautiful sand core, it is best to have no sand core. If there is, it should also be removed as an impurity in the application process. The sand core is big but not beautiful, which is waste. Generally speaking, water bile agate is the most precious agate, and agate and flash agate with special optical effects are even more rare and precious. Colorful and harmonious multi-color agate is also a good product, and it is an excellent jade material for making beautiful jade carvings. The so-called "pretty color" refers to the clever use of color in works. When the artistic conception of "pretty" reaches its extreme, it is called "unique". The value of an exquisite "beautiful" handicraft is far from being determined by its material value. Agate jade carving is a characteristic product of China jade carving industry. Renowned at home and abroad. Origin of Agate There are many high-quality agates in the world, such as Brazil, India, Russia, the United States, Japan and so on. China is rich in agate production and variety, and there are many producing areas, which are produced in several families and provinces. The most famous producing areas are Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Hebei, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Jiangsu. In addition, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces have more agate production. Benefits of wearing chalcedony: 1. Chalcedony is the representative of the moon and is closely related to water, so it is said that it can prevent drowning and accidents and avoid the intrusion of witchcraft.

The ancient Romans believed that wearing chalcedony could ward off evil spirits, keep peace and avoid some negative energy, and it was also a good amulet for people who often traveled abroad.

3. According to foreign literature, chalcedony can reduce eye problems and help gallbladder, liver, bladder, bones and blood circulation system.

It is said that chalcedony can also relieve pain and promote lactation of pregnant women. If you irradiate with ultraviolet light or indigo light for about 30 minutes, the energy of chalcedony can be enhanced a lot.

Chalcedony

The embellishment of ice chalcedony can eliminate impetuous hearts, the color of chalcedony can delight bored hearts, and the purity of chalcedony can purify dirty hearts. Therefore, a gentleman loves jade and hopes to find natural aura in the jade body.

Ice chalcedony is the beauty of stone, and its color is positive and pure. The same is true of precious stones. Good jade is a treasure in stone. Ice chalcedony can be used for sculpture appreciation, turning money into treasure, showing wealth and peace; I also wear jewelry and accumulate wealth. Now it's like the rising trend in Japan.

Chalcedony