1, 14- 15 th century, the germination of European capitalist economy and the development of commodity economy are the fundamental reasons for the opening of new air routes.

Before the opening of the new air route, the trade between Europe and Asia has always been entrepot trade, and the goods have to pass through Italy in the process from Asia to Europe. Arabia? When merchants change hands, the price will rise by about 8 to 10 times, and profiteering has become the direct reason for Europeans to open up new routes.

3./kloc-In the middle of the 0/5th century, Ottoman Turkey occupied a vast area in the eastern Mediterranean and controlled the trade routes between the East and the West, which was also the direct reason for the more difficult trade between Western Europe and the East.

For political reasons, in order to strengthen imperial power, European countries did not hesitate to expand by force. Portugal and Spain first turned their attention to areas outside Europe.

5, religious factors, in order to spread Catholicism, Europeans do not hesitate to use force to carry out jihad.

6, ideological factors, at this time during the Renaissance, humanism advocated adventure and enterprising spirit.

Extended data

The impact of the opening of new routes in Europe;

1, triggering a business revolution. Due to the opening of new air routes, the scope of European trade has expanded unprecedentedly, and the ties between Western Europe and all ethnic groups in various regions of the world have been strengthened, and the world market has begun to take shape. The European trade center moved from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast, and Italy's commercial status was gradually replaced by Spain, Portugal, Britain and the Netherlands.

2, caused the "price revolution". After the opening of the new sea route, Spain and other countries plundered a large amount of gold and silver from the colonies, and the precious metals in Western Europe increased by more than three times, causing the price of gold and silver to fall, the price to rise, and the purchasing power of money to decrease. While paying the devalued currency wages, the bourgeoisie sells goods at high prices and makes huge profits. The fixed-currency land rent collected by feudal landlords was also affected by the price revolution.

3. With the opening of new sea routes, Portugal and Spain first started colonial expansion and plunder. However, because the property plundered by Spain and Portugal from the colonies was enjoyed by feudal rulers, it was not used to develop capitalism. Therefore, after the opening of the new sea route, the strength of Spain and Portugal actually declined.

4. Proved the correctness of the earth circle theory, impacted the feudal theological theory, and laid the foundation for the ideological revolution in Western Europe. It broke the relative isolation around the world and created conditions for the formation of the world market.

5. Due to the plunder of western European countries, the colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were poor and backward. As a result of the rise of the slave trade, Africa lost at least 1 100 million able-bodied people.

7. It promoted the migration of population and the emergence of new countries, such as1American countries in the 8th century. The colonial expansion of the West eventually led to the submission of the East to the West. The world began to become a whole and began the real world history.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Opening of New Routes