Main types of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian mummy
The ancient Egyptians believed that people can be resurrected after death, and the resurrected soul needs the original body, so it is necessary to preserve the body for the afterlife of the deceased.
To make a mummy, it is necessary to gut the corpse, soak it in salt water, fill the abdominal cavity with spices such as frankincense and cinnamon, sew it, soak it in a special antiseptic solution, take it out after 70 days, wrap it in linen, fill it with spices and coat it with resin, and make a mummy.
Ancient Arabs believed that mummies could cure diseases and regarded them as medicinal materials, which were introduced to China. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty recorded relevant rumors.
Modern mummy
The coffin of the famous mummy Tutankhamun Ramses II, the female corpse of Amenhotep III Mawangdui, the mummy of Xin Zhui Sinkro, the mummy of Chinchorro, Rosalia Rembado (19 18- 1920), photographed at 1995, is now in the Cappuccini catacombs in Sicily.
Many scientists hope to study mummy technology. Some scientists even created. Modern mummies? . 20 1 1 year, a British taxi driver died of illness and donated his body to a scientist. Scientists mummified it in the way of ancient Egypt, and the production process was filmed by British Channel 4 as Mummy Allen.
Making a modern mummy is very expensive. An ordinary modern mummy costs about $67,000. Making an artistic version of a modern mummy may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars or more.
In addition, cryonics is also called one of the modern mummification techniques by some scholars.
Natural mummy
Natural mummification is embalming and long-term preservation of corpses in extreme natural environment. Some corpses can be naturally preserved for a long time at extremely low temperature, or acidic, extremely dry, or extremely high salinity.
Mummies in science fiction
Some scientists hope that after obtaining the genes of mummies in the future, they can copy their genes to new living people through replication technology.
Animal mummies
In addition to human mummies, there are examples of animal mummies in ancient and modern times. Many people want to preserve their pets with artificial antiseptic technology.
Production process in ancient Egypt
If someone dies, his body is first sent to a place called. Clothing department? Location: Dedicated to purifying corpses. After washing the body with soda water, it was sent to make a phone call? Beit? (meaning pure land) or? Pell? That Phil? (meaning beautiful house), complete the filling of spices. So mummies are being made.
Herodotus left us detailed information about this.
First, apply melted turpentine to your face to protect your facial image and prevent it from drying too fast.
Second, brain pulp processing. The craftsman inserted the chisel into the left nostril, crushed the ethmoid bone, and then used tools to rotate in the brain, destroying the brain marrow. Insert a very small long-handled spoon into the brain from the nostril, dig out the brains, and finally put some drugs and spices into the empty skull. Brain marrow is generally not preserved.
Third, take out the internal organs. The stomach, intestine, liver and lung were taken out through the left incision in the abdomen. Then use palm oil as cleaning solution to clean the chest and abdomen. Sometimes these organs are neatly wrapped in turpentine balls and put into the mummy's abdomen, and sometimes they are put into a small jar with a lid and then put into the abdomen. Small pots are becoming more and more complicated from the ancient kingdom to the new kingdom.
At first, there were some simple pot covers, but in the Middle Kingdom, there were pot covers with heads. /kloc-In the early 8th century, the lid of the jar was made by immortals? Horace's son? Children guard sacred internal organs. However, it was forbidden to take out the heart in ancient Egypt. They regard the heart as a symbol of wisdom and try their best to keep it in the body. In the book of the dead in the New Kingdom, there are three people on duty who take turns guarding the heart.
Fourth, dehydration. This is an important drying process. The craftsmen first wrapped the soaked alkali and other temporary fillers in cloth, and then soaked them in dry soaked alkali powder for about 40 days. After the water is drained, they take out the stuffing inside and put crushed myrrh, cinnamon, soaked alkali, sawdust and so on in cloth bags. Finally, they carefully stitched the incision and pasted a piece of skin with Horace's eyes painted on it, because the ancient Egyptians believed that this kind of skin had strong healing and protective power.
Fifth, cosmetic surgery. In order to keep the mummy's skin soft, it was selectively coated with a mixture of milk, wine, spices, beeswax, turpentine and asphalt to beautify the skin. Mummy's eyes are full of linen and stones, which are very vivid. The mummy was finally coated with turpentine to prevent moisture, and the makeup artist also sprinkled a layer of carmine on the mummy's cheeks, wearing a braided wig, clothes and the best jewelry.
Sixth, the bag. Egyptians thought it was dangerous to be buried, so prayers were accompanied during the whole process (usually 15 days). Every time the hand that bandages the body moves, it is accompanied by solemn prayers or magic spells, and protective strips are placed between linen bandages. They attach great importance to it. Amulets are usually made of scarab-shaped or heart-shaped green stones, which read? Keep the necromancer's heart so that it doesn't produce anything that hurts its master? Something like that. Other amulets were placed near the mummy's body or wrapped in linen.
Seventh, the mummy greeted his card. The time is usually 70 days. After that, Anubis secretly returned the mummy to his family and waited for burial.
Method of making ancient Egypt
1, immediately remove the most perishable internal organs. Usually, an incision is made on the left side of the corpse to remove all the internal organs such as liver, lung, stomach and intestine, and the brain marrow of the deceased is taken out from the nostril through the ethmoid bone, but the heart is not taken. Because the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was an organ for thinking and understanding and must remain in the body.
2. Preserve internal organs and body cavities. First, thoroughly clean and disinfect with palm wine or date palm wine, then sprinkle a layer of mashed spices on the internal organs and keep them in four jars. For the disinfected body cavity, it is first filled with temporary fillers such as cloth-wrapped alkali soaking, and then soaked in dry alkali soaking powder for about 40 days. After draining the water, take out the filler and replace it with a cloth wrapped with crushed myrrh, cinnamon, alkali soaking and sawdust. Finally, carefully sew the knife edge and paste a piece of skin with Horace's eyes painted on it, because the ancient Egyptians thought this kind of skin had strong healing and protective power.
3. Apply a layer of ointment or rosin solution to the treated corpse, and then wrap fingers, palms, feet and stems with white linen in turn. The nose of the deceased is sometimes damaged by extracting brain marrow. At this time, a wooden fake nose should be installed, and the eye socket should be stuffed with cloth to make a fake eye.