When it was 9 meters underground, a villager's? My head hit a hard object, and when I opened it, it turned out to be a brick wall. When the head is hit, the wall will crack. With a little effort, the bricks collapsed and a black hole appeared in front of them.
The villagers looked in out of the corner of their eyes and vaguely saw many horses. Why are there horses underground? Have you come to hell?
He couldn't believe his eyes. He wiped and looked again. It was dark in the hole, so he couldn't see anything.
Finally, under the irradiation of flashlights and kerosene lamps, several people got up the courage and helped them into the hole. They were surprised to find that there were cars, horses and little people on the ground in such a big space.
After careful searching, the ground was covered with tens of thousands of copper coins, dozens of pottery houses and pottery houses, nearly a hundred other bronzes, and several lacquerware and ironware.
Those bronze chariots and horses are heavy in their hands, with a thick layer of green rust on them. Everyone is arguing that these copper guys can buy a lot of money, but they are not interested in other things.
Finally, the villagers left the old coins that were broken and broken, and only put the copper chariots and horses that they thought were valuable into sacks, carried them out of the hole and pulled them back to the warehouse in the village.
Later, the village decided to put such a pile of scrap iron, which took up a lot of space. Needless to say, it has also affected production, so we have to deal with it quickly. So we are going to weigh the bronzes of these chariots and horses and sell them to the village to add something. Some people also suggested burning it, making it into pots and pans and putting it in the canteen.
Thanks to the responsible comrades of the commune for stopping this behavior in time, and earnestly advised not to sell it easily, let alone destroy it. If you really want that, you have to wait for the experts above to read it before making a decision.
When reporting for duty, a teacher from the county cultural center heard that bronze chariots and horses had been dug up in the village, so he hurried here. Under the guidance of villagers, he first entered the mysterious underground cave. According to my own archaeological experience for many years, it is judged that this is a Han tomb.
But the question is: (1) How was this Han tomb built under the temple? (2) Who is the owner of the tomb? Are there any other funerary objects?
For the first question, let's look at the temple first. This temple is not simple. A few years have passed, and 10 is a magnificent ancient building in Ming and Qing dynasties. More importantly, it is located on a large earthen platform, which is three or four stories high and covers an area of more than 6,000 square meters. About 10 meters below the tutaizi, you can see a 20-meter-long pyramid-shaped mound with a grave at the end.
This is a masonry tomb of the Han Dynasty, which is quite beautiful. It is divided into tomb gate, tunnel, front tomb (with two ear chambers, one of which has bronze chariots and horses), middle tomb (with one ear chamber) and back tomb. On the top of the tomb door, a door head was built with big gray bricks, indicating that it was Tianmen. Passing through this door is embarrassing on earth, and when you go to the underworld, you will ascend to heaven.
When the tomb was first opened, red murals could be seen on the wall. Soon, the murals gradually weathered and the colors disappeared. The tomb wall is made of blue bricks and black brick, forming a diamond pattern, which is still clearly visible today.
The owner's coffin was originally placed in the back tomb, and was carried by a turtle-shaped beast made of four stones. It is said that the tortoise is the son of a dragon and is good at carrying heavy objects. But when the tomb was found, nothing was left, only four stone turtles and a thigh bone.
So, where did the coffin go, the bones of the tomb owner, and the gold and silver jewelry in the coffin?
Subsequently, people found a round stolen hole on the top wall of the tomb, which was at a 45-degree angle with the tomb and was one meter square in diameter, and could accommodate one person. It is rare for such an accurate hole to be stolen right above the tomb. According to experts' calculations, the grave robbers are probably craftsmen who built the mausoleum at the beginning, so they know so much about the structure and specific orientation of the mausoleum.
Grave robbers entered the tomb and plundered precious gold, silver and jewels, which was comfortable enough for several lifetimes. And those seemingly insignificant and heavy bronze chariots and horses, there are hundreds of pieces weighing hundreds of pounds, which is tantamount to scrap copper and iron. Moreover, the stolen hole was narrow and inconvenient to take out, so it was abandoned.
However, grave robbers still pay more attention to their eyes. After taking all the gold, silver and jewels in batches, they rebuilt the stolen hole with bricks, not only to avoid being discovered, but also to leave a back door for themselves so as to steal other funerary objects in the future. But somehow, the grave robbers didn't come again, and these heavyweight national treasure bronzes spread.
The paradox in the world seems to be the contradiction between the immediate interests and the fame behind them. At that time, gold and silver had long been unknown. Perhaps after they were stolen, they got a comfortable life of grave robbers and satisfied their short-term yearning for a rich life supported by money. But when they disappeared as passers-by of history, these once "broken copper and iron" were well preserved, re-recognized by future generations, entered people's field of vision, and nourished countless hearts. In this respect, ancient cultural relics such as bronzes represented by "Flying Swallows on Horses" are more valuable to future generations, but the key lies in how to better protect, enrich, explore and inherit them, as well as the culture and spirit they contain.
Something like that in the tomb.
Later, the teacher of the cultural center came to the village warehouse again and was surprised and heartbroken when he saw the bronze carriages and bronzes piled up on the ground. After the inventory registration is completed, organize the villagers to transfer the cultural relics to the Confucian Temple for temporary protection.
At the same time, more than 200 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, including first-class cultural relics, such as gold-plated copper bottles and painted pottery towers.
Gold-plated bronze bottle with staggered silver, about 14cm high and 24cm in diameter. It is full of interlaced silver moire and animal patterns, with all kinds of exotic animals in the middle. The lid has buttons, rings on both sides, three-foot animal hooves under it, and dragon decorations on the lid and bottom of the bottle. As far as its craft and decoration are concerned,
Wine bottle, an ancient wine container, was poured into the bottle at the banquet, then moved into the glass with a spoon and served out. The bottom of the gold-plated and silver-plated copper bottle is worn enough, so it is inferred that it is a daily life vessel commonly used by the tomb owner before his death.
The courtyard of painted pottery diaolou, about 68cm×54cm long and 1m high, shows the general living features of aristocratic families in Han Dynasty and plays an important role in the development of quadrangle architecture in China. Surrounded by walls, gates, towering five-story towers with eaves on all sides, front windows and two-story turrets at the four corners of the courtyard, there are interconnected plank roads for overlooking and guarding, which realizes the security and defense function pursued by giants.
No one knows what the value of these cultural relics has affected. But then, a bigger surprise is waiting for people.
197 1 year, that is, the second year after Gansu Museum transferred these precious cultural relics, Guo Moruo visited Gansu and was surprised to find a bronze galloping horse among the bronze chariots and horses. It was muscular and vigorous, flying in the air, and a hoof stepped on the birds, and the birds turned their heads to look back. Bronze galloping horses are like purple electricity, which is very eye-catching.
It is about 35cm high, 45cm long, about 13cm wide and weighs about 15kg. It combines exquisite craftsmanship with the spirit of dragon and horse, which not only embodies the charm of Chinese civilization, but also shows the enterprising spirit of national high spirits and self-improvement. It's really an artistic treasure among treasures. Later, he was called to Beijing to participate in the national cultural relics exhibition and went abroad to participate in many exhibitions, which caused a sensation.
As the treasure of the town hall of Gansu Museum, "Flying Swallow on horseback" stood out from the Great Wall, Giant Panda and many other signs in the 1983 China tourism logo selection, and was selected by China Tourism Administration. 1996, which was rated as a national treasure by National Cultural Heritage Administration. In 200 1 year, Leitai Han Tomb was unearthed and approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2002, 64 first-class treasures such as Flying Swallow on horseback, Wu Ding, the stepmother of Yin Ruins, Sanxingdui Bronze Sacred Tree, Famen Temple Eight Treasures Letter and China Chest Protection were listed as the first batch of cultural relics prohibited from going abroad for exhibition in China.
In addition, another quasi-national treasure, to be exact, is a large collection, consisting of bronze chariots and horses, including 38 bronze horses, 14 vehicles with various functions (leading cars, light trucks, trucks, etc. ), 65,438+07 with halberd cavalry guards and 29 handmaiden horses.
The master's mount is a tall male horse, which is located behind the guards and motorcades. In the middle of the whole team, there are four slave horses as guards on both sides, followed by several carriages and an ox cart. It can be seen that chariots and horses are different from the combat troops of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, but travel as a guard of honor to declare the dignity of their masters.
As can be seen from the inscription on the bronze horse's neck, the owner of the tomb, surnamed Zhang, should be a local tycoon in Wuwei, and for safety and beauty, he is also equipped with a luxurious guard of honor, which is full of style.
According to the analysis of many unearthed cultural relics, the tomb was in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the time was about 200 AD. According to historical records, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuwei was the capital of Liang Qian, a local force in the northwest, among the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The king, a local surnamed Zhang, lived for five generations and nine masters and died in 76.
Zhang Mao, the third generation cool king, built a large-scale construction project for the mausoleum around 320 AD, rammed the earth 10 meters high, and built a platform to protect Zhang's descendants. It can be inferred that the tomb belongs to the ancestor of Wuwei Tuhao Zhang. They have been operating in the local area for hundreds of years and dominated Liangzhou. With the frequent wars in the Central Plains, Jin and Han dynasties alternated, which gradually laid the foundation for the cool country in the past.
@ Word Craftsman ignores Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci:
Or William Wang's Liangzhou Ci;
They all express the unique customs and cultural characteristics of Liangzhou, Wuwei, as "the world is in a hurry and the country is a vassal."
Therefore, it is normal for precious cultural relics such as "Flying Swallows on Horses" and bronze chariots and horses honor guards to appear in this hot land. I don't know how many precious historical and cultural relics are left, which have long been lost in the dust of the years. They * * * proved that the frontier fortress is desolate and vigorous, but it is also bold and heroic. They have already achieved their own prosperity, which is in line with the historical context of China.