Punk: The rise and influence of punk movement is mainly in Britain, which is directly related to the gradual decline of western society, especially British society. From 65438 to 0973, the economic crisis broke out in Britain: the price of crude oil soared, the automobile industry almost went bankrupt, the textile, coal and steel industries were in trouble, international trade stagnated, prices rose, and a large number of workers lost their jobs. The younger generation can't do anything about it, and their spirit is severely hit. At this time, the music world is dominated by stars. In this case, teenagers have great doubts about the real society.

Punk music reflects these teenagers' strong dissatisfaction and despair with reality. They angrily criticize all aspects of society, which are manifested in shouting, weird images and crazy stage behavior.

Musically, punk rock, as a branch of rock music, did not bring any new ideas to rock music, but only pushed the strong style from hard rock to heavy metal in mainstream rock to the extreme. Punk opposes the tendency of music experiment and artistic innovation in mainstream rock music after the Beatles, such as technical instrumental solo, and seriously explores the combination of rock music and other music. It emphasizes simplicity and repetition more than hard rock, emphasizing the most "basic" rock. The lyrics are more straightforward than hard rock. Like gorgeous rock, the meaning of punk is not in music, but outside music. All their actions are aimed at attracting people's attention and shocking people? In punk, music seems to be the least important. What matters is who you want to disgust. "

Detailed introduction

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History of punk development in the 1970s-Myth of the 1970s After the Beatles attacked the United States in the late 1960s, a kind of rock music called garage music appeared in the United States, which can be regarded as the embryonic form of punk rock. Among them, the famous bands are MC5, clown, knight's shadow and underground velvet. Most of these bands are unruly and domineering, but they rarely succeed in business. Take MC5 as an example. John Sinclair, the leader of this team, was a member of the American White Panther Party at that time. In the famous Bai Bao Party's Position, Mao Zedong's Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art was quoted out of context. Sinclair once declared categorically: "On earth, we must create a paradise for people. Everyone there is equal and happy, and we will never stop until we reach this goal. "However, MC5' s rock music is just a flash in the pan. They only have one album on the charts. Far from their original intention of encouraging the world revolution, MC5 soon became a band with an early simple and generous temperament. x:fyx 1； ^

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In 1970s, a music club named CBGB appeared in new york, and many early punk bands were members of it, such as Ramones, Talking Heads, Television, the Voidoids, Blondie, the Dictators and so on. This club made punk music begin to have an impact on the outside world. If these bands had just stayed in bars at that time, they would still be great today; But if so, punk is nothing to the world. ^E}QYeY*T

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Television is the first band of CBGB, which consists of four members: guitarist and lead singer tom verlaine, guitarist Richard Lloyd, drummer Billy Fica and bassist Richard Haier. From 65438 to 0974, Brian Eno, a master of electronic music, made a demo tape for TV, but the band was very dissatisfied, so it was not recorded as an album. 1975, they released their first single "Little Johnny Jewel", and soon the band joined CBGB. From 65438 to 0977, television came to Britain with the help of malcolm mclaren. Television was the first punk band, which played an important role in the future of sex pistols, conflict bands and those formed in Liverpool, England. Such as echoes and explosions of bunnies and earrings. A j_`B/o

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The first punk album recognized and accepted by the music industry was "Horse" released by patty smith in 1975. When Smith sang "It's not my fault that someone killed Jesus" in the first song of "Horse", the door of rock music opened. The future of punk is really broad. On the stage of the concert, Smith is like a goddess of prophecy. b0YU HM8)

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Although punk absorbed the essence from African music such as soul songs and reggie, it was the first song sung by white youths living in the suburbs, and it was the most white rock music. Punk is more sensitive to history than any other music in the past, and it is destined to conquer the whole world instead of staying underground. NB:U！ '

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The appearance of British punk means that the era of punk shock has finally arrived. British rock and roll in the 1970s embarked on the road of grandstanding. Dolby brothers' songs bore young Englishmen. Pink Floyd and Quinn, who are tall and widowed, make them want to find the feeling of the 1960s. The second half of the 1970s was a period of despair in Britain. 1977, the unemployment rate of young men aged 0/8 in Britain reached 28.6%, the unemployment rate of young women reached 29.6%, and the inflation rate was as high as 10%. The wave of strikes swept across the country, and desperate workers' children and immigrant descendants were caught in a civil war-like struggle with the police because of their most difficult situation. In this case, punk, a horned monster, was finally born in Britain and made its first roar to the world. & ampg-/>； V & ltQ

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Speaking of English punk, we can't help but mention malcolm mclaren, who is known as the "father of English punk". 1974, a shop named "Shake It Up" was established in Cheshire, London, and the owner was malcolm mclaren. In the same year, the former American punk band New York Dolls came to Britain, but it didn't have a big impact on me. McLaren fell in love with them at first sight, recommended themselves as their agents and flew to new york with them. After the death of New York Doll 1975, McClaren returned to London, renamed the store "Sex", and joined hands with the famous avant-garde fashion designer vivienne westwood to ask her to design various punk costumes. Business was booming at that time. So he just picked a few "punk" partners and formed the world-famous Sex Pistols. The lead singer he chose was john lydon. The reason is that young people love to stroll around the store, often scream like mentally retarded children and like to make trouble. The other three members of the Sex Pistol are Glenn matlock, Paul Cook and steve jones. ! w； ~`t

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1975165438+1On October 6th, a group of young people dressed in strange clothes gathered outside St. Martin's Art School in London, England. The hair on both sides is shaved, and the hair in the middle is dyed colorful and stands up like a comb; Face painted with all kinds of pigments; A thick chain hung around his neck. It turned out that Sex Pistols held his first concert here, and these young people dressed as "punk" came here to watch. But even art school teachers are surprised that sex pistols don't sound like singing at all, but growl like wild animals. Leiden, known as "Johnny with bad teeth" because of his mouth full of bad teeth, cursed and spat wildly on the stage, picked up things at random and scratched his face, and even shouted "I hate you" to the audience. A communication secretary of the art school couldn't bear it anymore and pulled it down when they sang the fifth song. ~/Z ) 1| R

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1976 On September 2 1 day, Sex Pistol and the Clash held the first punk music festival at the 100 Club in Oxford Street, London. For a time, hundreds of punk youths blocked the famous commercial street before the concert began. They are colorful, and passers-by are dumbfounded by their fancy makeup, hairstyles and accessories such as rags, underwear, chains, blades and dog collars. It is this rare opportunity to show your face that has achieved the effect of angering society. After this music festival, the sex pistol was also called "the most vulgar and musicless in history" by the press. ; SzX & ltk *；

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1976, Sex Pistol released 1 single "Anarchy in Britain". 1 On May 27th, 977, the band released1and the only studio album "Never mind the nonsense, here is the sex pistol" (the title of the album comes from a line on a bright yellow T-shirt that McClaren saw on the street in new york. In the same year, the single "God Save the Queen" was released. On the album cover, the queen's eyes and mouth were sealed with the words "God save the queen" and "sex pistol" respectively. Leiden cursed unscrupulously in the song: "God bless the queen/you have no future." Ironically, when Britain celebrated the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's accession to the throne, the album Sex Pistol rose to the top of BBC Radio at the same time, which was contrary to the festive atmosphere. After that, the band was driven out of Britain, but this band, which was very popular in Britain, was not popular with Americans. Desperate, Leiden disbanded the sex pistol in time, leaving a good reputation for this punk band. ! @C "-F

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Another band that plays an important role in English punk music is Clash, whose style is directly influenced by patty smith, New York Doll, Clown, MC5 and The Ramones. The band was formed in 1976, with mick jones as the guitarist, joe strummer as the lead singer and paul simon Nong as the bass player. Topper Headon is a drummer. Gang Group B (6BB)0

In the mid-1970s, a chaotic, disordered, rough and primitive music form appeared in Britain. It is anti-rock, anti-art, anti-rationality, anti-logic, anti-central culture and anti-capitalism; It expresses young people from the working class's dissatisfaction with society and their protest against reality. It only destroys, not builds, and fully demonstrates its rebellion by means of denying, destroying and destroying all values; It has not been planned and packaged by the record industry, and it is the most authentic music for young people-it is punk music, which is inextricably linked with art, politics, society and rock music itself, and wins with its extremely ugly visual image. From patty smith and ramones in the 1970s, sex pistols and conflicts, to Kennedy's death in the 1980s, the one-minute man, the black flag and the false prophet, to Nirvana, Pearl jam, the sound garden band and future generations in the 1990s, punk music shattered the values of a generation of young people and changed the track of rock music. 7"-! 0@~{

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Punk music in the early 1980s was really underground music, and punk itself was destined to go through this stage. 7)krH4

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Punk smells of death underground, so people won't go to see it and certainly won't pay for it. The entertainment circle has completely abandoned its original reserve and turned its attention to pillow bands such as Loverboy and Quarterflash. $~=sqb|mH

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In the early 1980s, after the birth of punk music on the West Coast, a punk band named Minutemen appeared in Southern California. Composed of guitarist D.Boon, bassist Mike Watt and drummer George Hurley. They signed a contract with SST, an independent record company founded by Black Flag guitarist Greg Silver. Compared with hardcore music from punk, militia music is more regional. Most of the bands under SST only have bass, drums and guitars, but their main styles are different, among which Minutemen is a band that pays more attention to melody. But on the Christmas Eve of 1985, because D.Boon died in a car accident, people suddenly disintegrated in one minute. g+Z%Z]x*c@

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Not many people in America liked punk music at that time. Except Southern California, every middle school has only three or four punk fans. Parents and teachers warn these "walking dead" from time to time and give them a whole set of psychological tests and psychotherapy. These children usually have high IQ and creativity, but they have difficulties in learning, such as ADHD and dyslexia. They often treat themselves with drugs. They hate each other as much as they hate the whole world. They constantly accuse each other of being pretenders and fashionistas. l=ckx\VR

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In fact, it is self-contradictory to separate sub-cultural groups. If you can only prove that you are not a pretender by overdosing, then as long as you are alive, you are hypocritical. (] 'VeA

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1985, British journalist Dave Riemel published a book about punk culture-if punk was never born: cultural clubs and new pop music. The book tells the story of a generation of young people who "debuted in the punk era, learned its essence, learned its methods, but abandoned its ideals", including boys George, Spandau Ballet and Wittmann! DuranDuran and adam ant. @? ZXf)

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Whether pursuing fame or self-destruction, for most punk musicians, "punk" also means "disorder", which once appeared in newspapers at that time with high frequency. The most famous "chaos" in the United States in the 1980s was the death of the Kennedy family. The name of the band represents their position and shows that they are a blasphemous and dangerous band. The dead Kennedy family inspired a large number of children who believed in * * * and socialist fraternity. The lead singer, Jello Biafra, expressed his confusion in the song NaziPunks Fuck Off. Today, he still quotes the sentences in this song from time to time. By the mid-1980s, dk had gathered 65,438+05,000 fans in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and thousands in other big cities. In this way, many people understand DKs music, but some people just want to dance to their music rhythm. So the strange phenomenon of punk music in dance halls and skating rinks appeared. MH[s？ 1+]

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After DKs, anti-war, anti-social and anti-class bands such as Dead Police, DOA, False Prophet and Nausea Missing Foundation appeared in the United States, and some drug-taking bands also appeared, such as Minor Threat, which was later renamed Fugazi. Greg Silver, the guitarist of the famous Black Flag Band, and henry rollins, the lead singer, are the models of punk music in 1980s. This band later became the core of hardcore and developed the playing skills of punk music. The bad brain band rubbed Reggie into punk. Three bands, the Agnostic Front, Murphy's Law and Carnivore3, rallied against "peaceful punk" and advocated nihilism, which attracted many young people. In addition, Paul Weller, the leader of Jam Band, and Paul westerberg, the lead singer of the replacement band, also made great contributions to the development of punk. hMUw)r8bZ

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One similarity of punk music is its aversion to heavy metal music. In fact, if there are both punk bands and heavy metal bands at the same concert, it will be difficult for them to get along. Punk musicians only like death metal, such as Motorhead. -xTW ' qeq & lt；

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Punk also brought a revolution to magazine publishing. Since the general media generally don't make introductions and rarely go to the radio, punk band members must communicate directly in the club. On the contrary, I will occasionally find fierce arguments about punk in some obscure small magazines, including Maximum Rock &；; Roll and Flipside, of course. These two magazines are quite famous today. $Tusl*d

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By the end of 1980s, punk gradually "disappeared" and the punk spirit gradually faded from the minds of teenagers. However, this rock monster is not dead. The days of galloping underground make its muscles stronger and its feathers fuller. One day, it will jump out of the underground jack-o'-lantern and make a shocking roar. $R2e 1N(Z

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199 1 year 1 month 65438+5 years, Nirvana sold 500,000 copies in just five weeks, and it has mushroomed on the list, rising steadily. This ugly, eccentric, noisy but solid punk music broke out again in the music industry, causing strong repercussions and sensation, and it has been out of control ever since. However, it is precisely because this kind of music, called Grunge, was involved in business from the beginning that a deformed child who could not grow up normally was born, thus brewing a series of spiritual tragedies. )#=6R，\Q

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In the 1990s, the unemployment crisis in the United States reappeared. Even college graduates find it difficult to find jobs, and even if they have jobs, it is difficult to buy a house. As a result, this generation of young people think that their life is not as good as their parents', and more and more people no longer miss college, thinking that it is better to commit suicide than to have a meaningless formal job. These young people who are extremely disappointed and tired of life, family and society get together, so punk music becomes their spiritual sustenance. 7D XF2 dollars

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Punk has challenged American values, traditional ethics and music form since its birth, but now it has caused endless controversy about what is real punk music. The Times injected a lot of nutrients into Punk's artery, but it blocked its vein. People who played punk music on university radio stations in the 1980s now hold important positions in big record companies, such as KCMU University Radio Station in Seattle. Its past DJs included Faith Henschel, deputy general manager of Elektra, Jonathan Poneman, a partner of Sub Pop, and Damon Stewart of Sony, who made Grunge a new way from punk music to market. If the new punk music in Seattle leads a new market. If Mudhoney's first album "Superfuzz Bigmuff", a new force of Seattle's new punk, hadn't stayed on the British list for a year, if Mudhoney hadn't become popular, perhaps Nirvana wouldn't be where it is today. In the late 1980s, the commercialization of the music industry led to the heresy of the new junk music in the 1990s: industrialized priests, popular nirvana and Green Day, heavy metal sound garden bands and descendants, psychedelic dinosaurs Jr and Screaming Trees, folk songs Baker and Mary Lou Lord, all of which were freaks who combined punk and business. cJ|:JCH

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The cradle of Grunge-SubPop Records was originally home to bands such as Green River, Sound Garden, Nirvana, Mudhoney, Taci and Love Battery, but it almost went bankrupt three years ago. Today, its two partners, Pawitt and Boneman, have sold 49% of their shares to Warner, so their assets are $65,438+09,000. = & lt\$\H C

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When business and mainstream culture were about to engulf Nirvana, lead singer Kurt Cobain committed suicide. Keben, who struggled in the contradiction between art and business, failed to survive in the end, but it is also reasonable. I believe that when he enters heaven, he will know more about punk music than at any time in his life. He told reporters before his death: "Most new music fans don't really understand underground music. They like guns and roses, and maybe even listen to anthrax. I don't expect them to understand our music, but I always try to make them understand us. Maybe one day, I can impress them. I really hope so. 1April 8, 994, Cobain realized his expectations with his own actions. His spiritual tragedy really touched countless teenagers. e{dVI80X？

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There is a popular saying in Seattle nowadays: Money makes the mare go. Even those old punk musicians began to make a lot of money. Henry rollins became a punk star, model, poet and publisher, and henry rollins Sr's album Stranger than Novel became a gold record. 1jy`#O

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The type of punk style. X & amp+dppu @

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American punk h /AmXl

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American punk originated from garage rock in 1960s, which has the characteristics of minimalist art style in soft sound quality and modern love. Several of its bands-Puppet, MC5 and New York Doll-have developed into real punk rock types on the basis of American punk. But for American punk, it really started in ramones around 1975-76. In new york, American punk prevailed and appeared, and similar music also prevailed in Lewis, USA, and actively developed towards hardcore punk. In Cleveland, it has developed incredibly in practicality. Part of the reason is the lack of media attention; In Boston, it is closer to garage music than real punk. New york is still the center of American punk, however, it is characterized by a large number of famous and influential artists, such as TV, Richard Hell, Boyt Smith, Blandy, and so on. In 1980s, American punk began to wither and developed into a new form: hardcore rock, new wave and alternative rock. American punk did not meet the needs of the later pop music revolution like British punk, but it continued to nourish American underground rock for nearly 65,438+00 years. In the 1990s, the center of California relied on ramones, which will make it a pop music. Ox+]9 dollars

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List of bands in this style: Black Flag, Late Kennedy, Development, ramones, Talking Head, TV 3 =} m% 9e.

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In the early 1980s, when the first punk band appeared, and when alternative metals began to dominate the music through the former British punk, some American bands began to make new music to counter those developments. When punk is becoming more and more mature, American underground bands tend to like a wide range of music styles (heavy rock, psychedelic music, traditional rock, folk rock and country rock, their influence is the most common), although they continue to dominate through electric guitars and similar lyric styles that need no publicity. These bands also tend to like independent groups and low-budget tours, because they are almost ignored by major music categories, which forces them to find other ways to keep their music. When they became pioneers of hardcore punk, Blackflag was still the main pioneer of American underground music, because it effectively created an independent touring network through years of hard practice. The label and supersonic performance style of this band are also very important. A large number of records are released by bands such as Militia, Meat Puppets, haskell Du, Dinosaur II, etc. These bands have played an important role in pushing unknown punk bands into new and exciting directions. The midwest absorbed the madness but sincerity of Minneapolis, the replacement and the savage cry of Chicago, and the big black and naked Reagan won a considerable number of admirers, which proved to be an effective breeding ground for the underground in the United States. When sonic youth and swans became the rulers of disharmony on the east coast and the representatives of psychedelic noise in Texas, asshole surfers left a terrible track in the United States, and the Boston mission in Myanmar promoted great influence and foresight in their short lives. In the mid-1980s, the first commercial breakthrough, R.E.M, immediately gave the American subway a new perspective. In the early 1990s, the efforts and relative success of some important American underground bands finally proved to be the dissolution of the movement. Many main behaviors of this movement were dispelled by its symbol of adulthood (they failed to gain a large audience, although they made some progress in Europe), and through the breakthrough in style of 199 1, underground music began to slowly split into alternative rock (because they have better commercial use value) and indie rock (because they seldom imitate others, there are. Jr 100v D

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List of bands in this style: Beat occuring, Black Flag, Ciccone Youth, Dead Kennedy, Devo, Flaming Lips, Fugazi, Jesus Lizard, The Lemon Heads, Lydia Lunch, the Misfits, R.E.M, Sonic Youth, Soul Asylum, Swans, Thurston Moore, 0`EcW22dZ.

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When Johnny Roth growled, "I'm going to ... in the debut album anarchy of the sex pistol, it aroused the audience's interest more than those who deeply believed in the government." However, many punk bands that put this creed into their souls are not just against power, but against the government with this idea, or at least the hypocritical and abusive government. Some anarchist punk bands come from the right wing (the late Kennedy family), others from the oppressed working class (the exploited class) or both; No matter what its origin is, it is unified through its radical thoughts. Most of anarchist punk is a branch of hardcore punk. Because they all appear at the same time, anarchist punk is often presented in a rough style, and most of them are music amateurs. Part of the reason is that this style of music is based on the ideology of personal freedom (personal catharsis in music should be used by everyone regardless of technical ability), which is gradually more important than music itself. But it is equally important to make people fully understand that this belief is as radical as that promoted through music. So anarchist punk is recognized as usually noisy, fast and as rough as its specialty. Crass is the most representative anarchist punk band, because their extraordinary music structure and the lifestyle of band members adhere to their playing philosophy. ，j-*sf

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The L.A. punk camp is the last of the three punk camps (the other two are new york and London), which has neither brought more changes in music nor any adventurous spirit. Nevertheless, Los Angeles has proved to be the longest-lasting camp; In 1990s, punk experienced a variation from hardcore to alternative rock, and then returned to the revival of pop punk. However, in Los Angeles/Orange County, punk is always active in one form or another. For all these reasons, Los Angeles punk still refers to the most primitive, former hard-core punk, who used to perform in poor and humble punk bands. Most Los Angeles punks are fast and full of whipping. Compared with New York punk who always loves to pretend art, and those enthusiastic but amateur boys in London, there is a stronger shock on the whole. The most important representative is X. His abnormal male and female voices, the rhythm of country rock and ambitious and literary lyrics should have become the best example of conforming to CBGB rules. Other major contributions to Los Angeles punk include: Diels's angry socialist political views, immature prototype hardcore and anxious poems, eccentric and Dickens' unconventional humor. Because of its natural tendency to attack punk, in the early 1980s, under the new direction led by Black Flag (and SST Studio influenced by them later), Los Angeles became the center of the transition from music form to hardcore. )