Looking back on the development of China's jewelry industry, it has generally experienced three stages: stagnation, recovery and development. Before 1980s, the jewelry industry in China was at a standstill. After nearly ten years of recovery, China's jewelry industry began to enter a rapid development stage from 1990 to 2000. On the one hand, the jewelry production capacity is growing rapidly. By the end of 1990s, there were more than 500 gold jewelry production enterprises in China. There are more than 4,000 companies with 2 million employees. On the other hand, the demand of jewelry market is expanding rapidly. By 2000, the total sales of jewelry was 80 billion yuan. In 2002, the national jewelry consumption reached 654.38 billion yuan, and the export was nearly 3 billion US dollars. Looking at the domestic jewelry industry, we can see the following characteristics:
1. The rapid development of China's jewelry industry is due to the high profits in the early days, which prompted thousands of troops to engage in jewelry and open jewelry stores. On the one hand, it is a great promotion and popularization for the development of jewelry industry, on the other hand, there is no difference between brands and enterprises. What we lack is the difference between brand positioning and enterprise positioning.
2. The domestic jewelry manufacturing level has been improved. In terms of material selection, processing and design, it is necessary for relevant personnel to accumulate experience, production skills and cultural background. We should constantly improve our design and production capacity and improve our processing technology. While learning from foreign technology, technology and design, we should also dig out our own national products and produce products with national characteristics, works of art and high-end jewelry consumer goods.
3. The market competition is still at a low level of price competition, which restricts the overall development of the industry, and some phenomena such as random discounts, individual shoddy goods, and fake goods are often seen, which greatly damages the image of China's jewelry industry. Industry self-discipline has a long way to go.
At the same time, the advantages of our industry are also obvious, which are highlighted as follows:
1. With the development of inlaid jewelry processing industry for more than ten years, we have reached a considerable level and ability. According to statistics, more than 90% of inlaid jewelry in Hong Kong is processed in the Mainland. We have more than 200 factories that process jewelry for foreign countries all the year round, with an annual output value of more than $3 billion. We also have more than 300 factories capable of handling foreign orders. The potential processing power is far from being tapped. It can be said that in jewelry inlay processing ..
2. The output of freshwater pearls in China accounts for more than 90% of the world's output. The quality has improved rapidly, with an annual output of 600 tons. But the problem is that the cultivation of pearl has not formed its own deep processing ability and complete industrial chain.
3. China has become the cutting and grinding center of artificial gem in the world. The formation of China artificial gem Cutting and Grinding Center, represented by Wuzhou, Guangxi, shifted the focus of processing and production in artificial gem to China.
4. China's diamond processing capacity and level have also reached the international level. The annual processing capacity is 3 million carats, and the number of employees is 1.8 million. As long as the policy is well guided, the diamond processing industry can solve the employment opportunities of tens of thousands of people and has great development potential. We may become the diamond processing center of the world.
The stone carvings and jade carvings in China are unique. It is an industry with rich cultural connotations. More than 400,000 employees. Take jade as an example. Emerald is produced in Myanmar, but the market is in China. In terms of quantity, 80% of raw materials are processed and sold in Chinese mainland. In terms of quality, since the Asian financial crisis, China has gradually become one of the main high-grade jade markets.
6. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening-up, the jewelry and jade industry in China has been greatly developed. With the help of local resources, traditional crafts and geographical advantages, a number of centers or industrial bases for the development of jewelry and jade resources, jewelry processing and trade have been formed one after another, and more than 20 towns such as Shenzhen, Panyu, Dongguan, Wuzhou, Changle, Zhenping, Zhuji, Donghai, Fuzhou, Qingtian and Xiuyan have been formed. In the +0 century, China's economy maintained a strong development momentum. Residents' income has increased rapidly. Every year, residents' bank deposits increase by over one trillion yuan. By the end of 2002, the total deposits had exceeded 8 trillion yuan. In the first half of 2003, it exceeded 1 trillion yuan. The financial support for residents to buy jewelry is still strong. In this historical period, China's jewelry industry will still maintain a certain development speed. However, the increase in quantity will give way to the improvement in quality. Only.
(2) From the large-scale development stage characterized by the sharp increase in the number of enterprises in the 1990s to the brand development stage characterized by shaping corporate image in the 20th century, China's jewelry industry has encountered unprecedented development opportunities. Due to the continuous improvement of the industrial development environment, China's jewelry industry has maintained a healthy, sustained and stable development.
First of all, the China Municipal Government has successively issued many preferential policies and measures to encourage and develop the jewelry industry. According to China's commitment to join the WTO, we will actively adjust relevant policies. The total average tariff has dropped from 200 1 15.3% in February to about 10% in 2004. In June 2002, Shanghai Gold Exchange was officially put into operation. In August, 2003, platinum was officially listed on the Shanghai Gold Exchange, which marked the entry of China's jewelry raw materials and products from the circulation system into the market economy. In May, 2003, the People's Bank of China stopped implementing 26 administrative examination and approval items such as production, processing, wholesale and retail of gold products, marking the full liberalization of the market of precious metals such as gold and silver and their products from the management system. In terms of tax adjustment, there are a series of corresponding tax policy adjustments for imports, diamond consumption tax and imported gold and platinum. These are not only the fulfillment of the commitments made at the WTO and Shanghai APEC meetings, but also an important guarantee for Chinese jewelry enterprises to participate in international competition and improve their competitive strength. At present, Shanghai Diamond Office, Shanghai Diamond Exchange, China Gemstone Association and Jewelry Management Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources have done a lot of work in the adjustment of diamond import and export tax. We hope to rationalize the diamond industry by reasonably adjusting the diamond tax policy.
Secondly, we have been working hard to cultivate and standardize the jewelry market. The state has formulated a series of standards and regulations, such as < Jewelry and Jade Identification >. < diamond classification >. & lt Pearl Classification and Management Regulations on Appraisal of Gold and Silver Jewelry. & lt Regulations and Naming Methods of Precious Metal Purity of Jewelry, etc. Various provinces and cities have formulated many measures and standards, which have laid a good foundation for standardizing the market and participating in international competition. In February 2003, China Gem and Jade Association and the Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly held the "National Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Self-discipline Work Conference", which was strongly supported by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Ministry of Land and Resources. Leaders of industry associations, representatives of more than 60 jewelry testing institutions and representatives of more than 65,438,000 enterprises attended the meeting. Through discussion at the meeting, we set 2003 as the year of self-discipline in the jewelry industry. We believe that with the joint efforts of the government, associations and enterprises, the fair, just, honest and trustworthy market environment will be further improved.
Thirdly, the huge domestic consumer market has created a foundation for promoting the rapid development of the jewelry industry. According to statistics, the turnover of all kinds of jewelry in China has exceeded 654.38+000 billion yuan. In 2003, exports will reach $3 billion. It has become one of the few countries in the world with jewelry sales exceeding $654.38+00 billion, and it continues to grow at a rate higher than 654.38+00% every year. China has an annual income of about 654.33 billion. When couples get married, the total wedding expenditure is 250 billion yuan. As long as 10% of it is used for jewelry consumption, it will be more than 25 billion yuan in the whole year. At the same time, the jewelry consumption of international tourists brought by tourism resources is also above 10 billion yuan every year. Many foreign jewelers have turned their attention to China. Foreign brands have gradually entered the China market.
With the diversification of jewelry consumption, the jewelry market is constantly subdivided, with a wide variety and improved internal quality. Gold, platinum, diamond ornaments and all kinds of colored gems, jade and silver ornaments led the gains, especially gold, platinum and diamond ornaments with great development potential. The consumption of diamond ornaments in China is increasing at the rate of 15% every year. According to the survey of relevant institutions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, each pair. With the increase of China residents' income, the purchasing power of diamond jewelry will continue to increase. China is an emerging market. It is reasonable to predict that by 20 10, China's jewelry industry is expected to achieve annual sales of18 billion yuan and export of $7 billion. China has a huge market and great potential for development. There are rich gem resources and unique jewelry culture here. China's jewelry industry is a new North Korea. Yang industry will occupy an increasing share in the development of national economy. We believe that with the support of the government and the self-discipline and orderly management and competition of the industry, China will definitely become one of the important distribution centers of the world jewelry processing trade in the near future.