1277, the Mongols of Yuan Dynasty entered the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. In order to avoid war with the Mongols, the Hakkas have formed an unprecedented migration, and they have entered the mountainous areas, forming the residential characteristics of "every mountain must have guests, and no one can live in the mountains without guests". Later, this residential feature became a typical feature of Hakka residents in mountainous areas.

At the same time, the tribes of the Central Plains who first entered Fujian and Jiangxi moved to eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong. As a result, more and more Hakkas have flowed into Tingzhou.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, due to the war, I was exposed to the migration of Hakkas. Most of the emigration places are Fujian, and the emigration places are concentrated in Xunheng, Lingdong.

The main reason is that Lingdong Xunheng is located in the best passage from the east of Lingnan to the north, and there are many low-lying hilly basins for reclamation. In addition, it was also a ruin in the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, that is, in response to "Lu Wen's call to join the army and be diligent in the king, the cliff mountain was covered, the people in the state were all dead, and Jingyi was empty." To this end, many Hakkas moved here from other cities to regroup.

Since a large number of Hakkas moved into Xunheng area in Lingdong in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, Meizhou, Guangdong Province became the hinterland of Hakka, the center of Hakka settlement and the "capital of Hakka".

In Meizhou, there is a folklore: in the late Song Dynasty, the people and their party were chased to the south by the Yuan Army and came to the ferry of Yanlai Village, Songkou Town, Meixian County, which was blocked by the great river. At the critical moment, a group of women singing folk songs and carrying firewood came from the mountain, and the followers of Song Emperor came forward to ask for help.

The firewood woman was brave, put down the firewood, blocked the intersection with a pole sickle, guarded the ferry, and organized a ferry to escort Song Di and his party across the river.

When the Yuan soldiers chased after them, they found that the intersection had been blocked and there were guards along the river and at the mountain pass. They don't know the truth, suspect an ambush, and retreat without fighting. Min thanked "saved the driver" with gold, silver and jewels, but the firewood ladies did not accept it. Song Di felt the loyalty of firewood women and ordered all firewood women to be dubbed "Confucian".

Therefore, after the death of Meizhou Hakka women, they can be buried according to the clothes ordered by the seven officials: wearing a phoenix crown, a pine crane robe and beaded shoes. A tombstone can be engraved with the tomb of a "Confucian".

This kind of burial, because its funeral clothes are very expensive, ordinary people can't afford it. Because of this, this kind of burial method is only popular in wealthy families in Meizhou. But the title of "Confucian" on the tombstone can be used by both rich and poor.

In areas where other Hakkas live, after the death of his wife, who is not a Qipin official, only the tomb of "XXX" is engraved on the tombstone, and even the name is rare.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Manchu nobles occupied the Central Plains, and the population grew more and more, resulting in a situation of more mountains and less fields. For this reason, in order to avoid unnecessary conflicts with Manchu people, Hakka people moved again. For example, during the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, it moved from Chengxiang and Changle to Haifeng, Guishan and Xin 'an, and from Tingzhou to Fuzhou.

During this period, some Hakkas even moved to Taiwan Province Province with the national hero Zheng Chenggong, forming the earliest Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province.

During the reign of Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, some Hakkas migrated from Jiaying and Shaozhou, with Guangzhou as the core, to Zengcheng, Huaxian, Xin 'an, Dongguan and Heshan. The "heavy boundary" moved to Baoan, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Zhongshan, Taishan and other places.

Soon, in view of the successive natural and man-made disasters in Sichuan, the Qing government adopted the immigration measures of Governor Huguang's ancestors, moved to Huguang and Yunnan Sichuan, and gave silver subsidies to those who moved to Sichuan, as well as preferential policies of tax exemption for wasteland reclamation. At this time, the Hakkas in Guangdong and Jiangxi were increasingly rich in resources because of their numerous businesses, but their living areas were mountainous and few fields, so it was difficult to supply them, so they moved to Sichuan with the peasants in Hunan and Hubei.

The migration route in this period: mainly from the mountainous areas of Fujian and Guangdong, to the central and coastal areas of Guangdong, and to the four provinces of Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Taiwan, and a small number of them moved back to the banks of Gannan and Luoxiaoshan in the north-central and western parts of Jiangxi. This is also the origin of Hakka in Jiangxi, which is divided into new customers and old customers.

During Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, due to the influence of Guangdong West Road incident and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, some Hakkas migrated. After the Guangdong West Road incident, with the help of the government, most of the local Hakkas moved southward to Gao, Lei, Qin and Lian, especially Xinyi in Gaozhou and Xuwen in Leizhou, and even crossed the sea to Yaxian and Ding 'an in Hainan Island.

In addition, some Hakkas have moved to Hong Kong, Macau, Shantou, Xiamen and Haikou. During this period, Hakkas mainly migrated from central and eastern Guangdong to western and southern regions, Hainan and Southeast Asia.