Yue Fei (1103-1141) was a military strategist and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word Ju Peng, Xiangzhou Tangyin (now Henan) people. When I was young, I was diligent and eager to learn, and I developed a good martial arts. /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/9 to fight against Liao. Soon after, due to the loss of his father, he retired and returned to his hometown to observe filial piety. 1 126, the nomads from the Jin army invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and Yue Fei joined the army again and began his military career against the Jin army and protecting his family. Legend has it that when Yue Fei left, his mother, Yao Shi, tattooed on his back the words "faithfully serve the country", which became the creed that Yue Fei followed all his life. .
After Yue Fei joined the army, he was quickly promoted to Bing Yilang for his bravery in combat. At this point, Kaifeng in the capital of song dynasty was besieged by 8 Jin Army. Yue Fei went to the rescue with Zong Ze, the deputy marshal, and defeated the 8 Jin Army many times, which won Zong Ze's appreciation and praised him as "a talented person with both wisdom and courage, and an ancient warrior could not pass". In the same year, 8 Jin Army attacked Kaifeng, captured Hui Di and Emperor Qin, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In May of the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, King Kang, ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong, moved the capital to Lin 'an and established the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei wrote to Gao Zong, demanding to recover lost ground, which was rejected. Yue Fei then moved to Zhang Suo, the commander-in-chief of Hebei Province, where he served as the commander-in-chief of Zhongjun, and fought against the 8 Jin Army in Taihang Mountain area, making repeated military exploits. After returning to Tokyo and staying in Zong Ze, he turned to Kung Fu Lang and the meritorious military service. After Zong Ze's death, he succeeded to Tokyo and stayed in Du Chongshou Kaifengfu.
Suggestions for three years (1 129), Jin general Wu Shu led the Jin army to invade south again, Du Chong led the army to abandon Kaifeng and fled, but Yue Fei had no choice but to go south. That autumn, Wu Shu continued to invade the south, and Du Chong, who was left behind by Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), surrendered without a fight. Jin Jun was able to escape the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and quickly captured Lin 'an, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), Mingzhou and other places, and Gaozong was forced to exile at sea. Yue Fei led a lone army to fight behind enemy lines. First attack Guangde Jin Jun defenders, and win six out of six. When Jin Jun attacked Changzhou, he led the troops to help each other, winning four out of four. The following year, Yue Fei set an ambush in Niutou Mountain, the martial arts of Jin Wu were broken, Jiankang was recovered, and 8 Jin Jun was forced to withdraw northward. Since then, Yue Fei's reputation has spread all over the country, and the sound has shocked the country. In July, Yue Fei was promoted to the governor of Tongzhou Town and Taizhou, with more than 10,000 troops, and established a disciplined and brave anti-gold force-Yue Jiajun.
In the third year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was awarded the banner of "Loyal Yue Fei" by Emperor Gaozong for destroying Li Cheng and Zhang Yong. In April of the following year, Yue Fei sent his troops to the north, crushed the puppet troops of the rulers and recovered six counties, including Xiangyang and Xinyang. Yue Fei was also promoted to the Qingyuan Army for his merits. In December of the same year, Yue Fei defeated the nomads from Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui) and the nomads were forced to return to the north. In the fifth year of Shaoxing (1 135), Yue Fei led the army to suppress Yang Yao's rebel army and recruited 50,000 to 60,000 elite soldiers, which greatly increased the strength of Yue Jiajun.
In the sixth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei made another northern expedition and captured Yiyang, Luoyang, Shangzhou, and then besieged Chen and Cai areas. However, Yue Fei soon found himself alone, without reinforcements and food, so he had to withdraw to Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). In the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei's ambition was unfulfilled, and he wrote the word "Manjianghong", the eternal swan song:
Angry, leaning on the railing, resting in the rain.
Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce.
Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon.
Don't be idle, white and sad!
Jingkang is ashamed, but it is still snowing.
When will courtiers hate it?
Take a long-distance bus and break through the Helan Mountain Que! The monk longed for pork, but he said he longed for Hun blood.
Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky!
In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was promoted to Qiu. He repeatedly suggested that Emperor Gaozong start the Northern Expedition and recover the Central Plains in one fell swoop, but all of them were rejected by Emperor Gaozong. In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1 1 19), he made peace with Jin and paid tribute to Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty. This made Yue Fei very angry, and the above table demanded that "the military affairs be dismissed and Lin Quan abdicated" in protest. The following year, Wu Shu tore up the peace treaty and invaded the south again. Yue Fei was ordered to send troops to fight back. Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places have been recovered one after another. The elite fighters of 8 Jin Army "Tiefutu" and "Kidnapping Horse" were defeated in Yancheng, and Zhuxian Town was occupied, only 45 miles away from Kaifeng. Wu Shu was forced to retreat to Kaifeng, 8 jin j morale is low, issued a "easy to shake mountain, difficult to shake YueGuJun" lament, dare not play.
In Zhuxian Town, Yue Fei recruited soldiers, contacted the Hebei Rebel Army, and actively prepared to cross the Yellow River to recover lost ground and take Huanglongfu directly. He excitedly said to the generals, "Go directly to Huanglongfu for a drink!" At this point, the emperor and Qin Gui made peace with one heart, and sent 12 inscriptions in succession, ordering Yue Fei to withdraw. Yue Fei couldn't restrain his inner sadness and sighed: "Ten years of hard work was destroyed! States and counties will be closed once and for all! The country is difficult to revive! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! "His ambition is hard to pay, so he will shed tears.
After returning to Lin 'an, Yue Fei was relieved of military power and served as a Tang Dynasty envoy. In August of the 11th year of Shaoxing, he sent someone to make peace with Jin, and Jin Wushu demanded that "the flies must be killed before making peace". Qin Gui falsely accused Yue Fei of rebellion and imprisoned him. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 142), on December 29th, Qin Gui poisoned Yue Fei to Fengbo Pavilion in Lin 'an on trumped-up charges. Yue Fei is only thirty-nine years old. His son Yue Yun and his subordinate Zhang Xian were also killed. Ning Zongshi, Yue Fei was able to get revenge and was hunted down by the king of Hubei.
Yue Fei is skilled in strategy and rigorous in running the army. His army is famous for "freezing to death without demolishing houses and starving to death without exile". During his military career, he personally participated in and commanded 126 battles, never losing, and was a veritable victorious general. Yue Fei did not leave any special military works, but his military thoughts and general plans for running the army were scattered in books, memorials, poems and so on. Later generations compiled Yue Fei's articles and poems into Legacy, also known as Collection of Yue Zhong and My King.
The real Yue Fei: rich income, simple life, single-minded feelings, refused to take concubinage.
There are many legends of historical figures circulating among the people, many of which are fabricated by later generations. However, as far as Yue Fei is concerned, although there are a lot of fictional deeds in Yue Zhuan and some operas, his moral integrity has not been fully reflected.
Yue Fei has a famous saying that has been circulated for nearly a thousand years: "Civil servants don't love money, military officers don't hesitate to die, and the world is peaceful." In the Song Dynasty, the officialdom was filled with the habit of worshipping and restraining martial arts, and military commanders were accused of being rude. For a military commander, it is extremely difficult to say such a famous saying that hits the nail on the head and is concise, let alone to practice it. After he became a senior official, his income is naturally quite high, but he has always maintained a quite simple life. His wife Liwa used to wear silk, and Yue Fei insisted that she change it into low-grade linen. His private income is very rich, but he often turns private money into public money and subsidizes the army with private money. Once, the items in the house library were sold, resulting in 2000 bows. After he was killed, he went to the property, and there was no gold and jade jewelry at home. Valuables are only more than 3,000 pieces of flax and silk, and more than 5,000 pieces of rice and wheat. Obviously, he is still preparing to supplement the army.
It was common for the ruling class to take concubinage in the Song Dynasty. For example, wujun, a famous anti-gold star, died of hemoptysis after being admitted to Jinshi. Han Shizhong not only has many concubines, but also likes to insult his wife and daughter, forcing Hu to commit suicide. Yue Fei's ex-wife, Liu, ran away from home in the situation of war and chaos and remarried automatically. He has been with his wife Riva all his life. On one occasion, Wu Jun, an official, went to Yuefei military camp on business. He was surprised to find that there were no concubines and singers in Yuejiajun to persuade him to drink. After reporting back to Wu Jun, Wu Jun specially sent a famous Sichuan product to Yue Fei, and bought a lot of gold and jade jewelry as a dowry, but Yue Fei sent it back.
Yue Fei is not an official fan of Stack at all. He called several times and said that he planned to retire after success. The famous sentence "Thirty fame, the dust settles" precisely expresses his contempt for official positions. People in the Southern Song Dynasty have a wide and lofty evaluation of this, saying that he "can win the battle with Tian Ge in his hands, but he is just seeking his roots and living in seclusion".
Yue Fei has five sons. He was only thirty-nine years old when he died, but he was already a grandfather who took care of children and raised grandchildren. The eldest grandson Yuefu is one year older than the youngest son Yuefu. Because of his age, only his eldest son Yue Yun can really go to war with him. He was extremely strict with Yue Yun, which should be related to trying to correct all kinds of nepotism corruption in the Song army. When Yue Yun was a small sergeant, he accidentally fell off his horse during training and was severely beaten by Yue Fei for one hundred times. When Yue Yun was a little older, he became a very brave soldier. His weapon is not a pair of hammers, but a pair of iron cone guns, just like in romance or opera. The army called him a "winner", which means that this "winner" (the official's honorific title) always wins. He took part in many important battles, especially in the famous Yingchang War, where he was beaten to pieces and was black and blue all over 100, which played an important role in reversing the war situation. However, under normal circumstances, Yue Fei only reported the exploits of soldiers, not Yue Yun, and repeatedly refused to promote Yue Yun by superiors or emperors. Yue Fei usually doesn't allow his son to get close to wine. Between studies, he also asked them to take part in farm work on the grounds that "crops are hard to grow, so you have to understand".
Yue Fei emphasized that "self-righteousness can be right, and autonomy can govern people." Admirable, he was born to keep his promise.