1. Malacca dynasty was a kingdom established by the Sultan of Bali in Misura in 1402. China was called Malaga in the Ming Dynasty, and its imperial city is now Malacca. In its heyday, its territory covered the south of Thailand to the southwest of Sumatra. 15 1 1 year, Portuguese colonists invaded the Malacca dynasty and seized its capital in the siege of Malacca. 1528 colonized Malacca.
2. 15 1 1 year, the Portuguese occupied Malacca. Sultan Mahmoud Shah of the Kingdom of Malacca (? ~ 1528) led the army and civilians to Ba 'e (a small town under Mapo) and Johor to continue to fight against the Portuguese invasion.
1528, Arraou DeDing succeeded to the throne and continued to resist the Portuguese in Johor. 1536 make peace with the Portuguese. Soon, Arude Ding formally established the Kingdom of Johor and chose Old Johor as its capital.
After the establishment of the kingdom of Johor, on the one hand, it constantly fought against the rising kingdom of Aceh on Sumatra, on the other hand, it constantly fought against Portuguese colonists. This war, known as the "triangle struggle" in history, lasted for about a century.
3. 1824, the kingdom of Johor ceded Singapore to Britain. 1885, Britain signed a treaty with Johor, recognizing Mohala as the Sultan of Johor and agreeing to protect Johor from foreign enemies. Britain can send an agent to Johor to control its administrative power. 19 10, the governor of the straits colony sent an agent to take charge of its administration.
19 14, Britain and Johor amended the treaty of 1885, changing the acting officers stationed in Johor into resident officers. According to this agreement, the British colonial government can appoint British people as judicial and other officials. At this point, Johor's administrative, judicial and financial powers were all controlled by British colonists.
4. 18 19, Stanford Raffles, an employee of the British East India Company, landed in Singapore and began to take charge of the area. 1824, Singapore officially became a British colony, initially under the jurisdiction of British Indian colonial authorities. 1867, Singapore was upgraded to a strait colony and was directly under British rule.
Extended data:
Southeast Asia is of great strategic significance to traditional China.
Two-thirds of the vassal States of the Ming Empire are here. In the tribute trade, China got minerals, timber, spices, gold, jewelry and rice from here. Especially tin ore and rice imported from Southeast Asia are of great significance to China's economy. The former is an important raw material for making copper coins, while the latter is a food source for Fujian and Guangdong residents.
Through export or re-export to Southeast Asia, China's porcelain industry, textile industry, tea industry and shipbuilding industry have all made huge profits. It is more important to know China's activities in Southeast Asia, so as to establish a China-Southeast Asia system under its own leadership and a huge strategic buffer zone for itself.
The establishment of this strategic buffer zone and marine empire benefited from the vigorous marine pioneering spirit of China people and their attention to maritime rights and interests since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Although Zheng He's voyages to the West reflected the significance of the supreme ruler of the empire bringing Southeast Asia into his suzerain-vassal system, Zheng He's own understanding of the ocean made his nearly 30-year ocean voyage usher in an ocean empire for China.
However, Zheng He died of illness in his hometown, and the marine policy of the Ming court was sharply reversed, and the sea power was surrendered. The lack of awareness of nation-state and maritime rights and interests led to the empire's automatic abandonment of overseas interests.
China's loss in Malacca opened the southernmost ocean of the empire to Daimon Masaru, and it was impossible to stop the western colonists from coming to the east. Zhang Zeng, a scholar in Taiwan Province, said that the arrival of Portuguese from the East was an unprecedented change in China for thousands of years.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Singapore
Baidu Encyclopedia-Malacca Dynasty
Baidu encyclopedia-kingdom of johor