ancestors
Pizarro explored Peru. From 1524 to 153 1, Spanish officer Pizarro sailed to Peru twice in search of gold. 1532 165438+1October16. Atahualpa, king of the Inca Empire (predecessor of Peru), fought against Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror, in the small town of Cajamarca, Peru. Atahualpa was defeated and the Inca Empire was conquered by Spain. Later generations called this war the Battle of Cajamarca.
On June 165438+1October16, Atahualpa led troops to stop outside the town of Cajamarca, Peru. There, Atahualpa heard a strange news: some people with pale faces and long hair rode huge animals and landed on the coast. These pale and hairy people were led by Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro 168 Spaniards.
At that time, Pizarro hoped to meet the Inca king on the grounds of peaceful trade, but the new king Atahualpa, who had just come from the civil war, didn't know all the details, so he decided to wait for these strangers in Cajamarca. Atahualpa led 80,000 Incas to Cajamarca. Seeing that the power was too great, Pizarro sent messengers to try to persuade Atahualpa to meet in the central square of the town.
Pizarro plans to lead the enemy directly to his ambush circle since his side is not dominant. He planned to ambush in the square. When the Incas entered the square, the cavalry fought side by side and captured the Inca king.
The next day, the Inca king also sent a special envoy to meet Pizarro. When the Inca emissary entered the Spanish camp, Pizarro used his Panamanian-Inca translator to say to the emissary of Atahualpa: Please tell your monarch that he is welcome to come. It is up to him to decide when, where and how to come. No matter how he comes, I will regard him as my brother. I implored him to come quickly. I can't wait to meet him. He won't be hurt or humiliated.
After receiving such a reply, the envoys of the Inca Empire left with satisfaction. However, after the messenger left, Pizarro quickly ordered the troops to set an ambush around the square. He cleverly hid Spanish guns and horses in the buildings around the square, divided 62 cavalry into two parts and distributed them on the wings of the ambush troops, and tied metal plates and other audio items to the horses to scare the enemy. At the same time, he ordered three soldiers with small guns and horns to be deployed in an earthen bag not far away.
In the afternoon, the new Inca king Atahualpa came to the square with five or six thousand soldiers. The Inca king sat on a huge shoulder and was carried by many Inca lords dressed in gold and silver. He wears gorgeous clothes, and many feathers and gold and silver jewels decorate him and his car. Followed by a large number of Inca soldiers, singing around every corner of the square. As a sign of friendship, the king's soldiers only brought ceremonial utensils (uncut weapons).
Then, it entered the formal contact procedure. Atahualpa met with Vincent, a monk sent by Pizarro. With a Bible in his hand, Vincent asked Atahualpa to convert to Catholicism in the name of God and the Spanish king. Atahualpa was surprised. He said that he was not prepared to give in to anyone, and the Spanish had no right to force him to convert to Christianity. Vincent pointed to the Bible and told him that it contained the Word of God. Then pass it to Atahualpa.
Atahualpa held the Bible to his ear and said, "Why doesn't it talk to me?" ? I threw this unprecedented object aside. Atahualpa's behavior aroused the anger of the Spanish. When Vincent returned to Pizarro, he shouted, Come out, come out, Christians, and run to these enemies who refuse the gospel of God. The tyrant threw the Bible on the ground!
So as Pizarro motioned to the artillery team, the sound of the horn and the sound of guns broke out together, and the Spanish cavalry on both wings made a scene together, and more than a dozen musketeers in the army also fired at the same time. The Incas were completely frightened by this arrival from heaven. Although the Inca warriors had bronze weapons, they still lagged far behind the Spanish. Spanish cavalry, artillery and muskets far exceeded the Incas' cognition, and the Incas fled in various directions.
A few loyal soldiers tried to resist the Spanish army with bronze hatchets or sticks, but this did little harm to the Spanish colonists in armor, while the Spanish sword could split the Incas in two, which made the morale of the resisters fall apart. The entire Inca army collapsed under such deterrence, and a large number of casualties stemmed from trampling on their own troops when they fled.
Atahualpa's guards were also knocked down by the impact of Pizarro cavalry, and their shoulders were knocked over and captured alive. The frightened Indians fled everywhere, and the Spanish chased them until night fell and they were exhausted, so they stopped killing. The captured Atahualpa offered to exchange gold and silver for his freedom. So after this war, Pizarro got the biggest ransom in human history-a room full of gold and an Inca empire with a population of 6 million.
result
1533 On August 29th, Atahualpa was hanged by the Spanish as a Christian. He was buried in the cemetery of the local church, but his bones were soon dug out.
Conclusion: In the Battle of Cajamarca, 2,000 Incas were killed, so later historians called the Battle of Cajamarca a massacre, not a battle. Pizarro's victory over the Incas was the victory of advanced civilization over backward civilization, and the Inca Empire fell into the hands of Spanish colonists.