The Golden Dream War was a war between Jurchen and Mongolian nobles in the Northern Jin Dynasty in China in the 3rd century/kloc-0. Genghis Khan invaded gold in 12 1 1 year, which lasted for 23 years and ended in 1234. The Mongolian-Jin War can be divided into three stages: Genghis Khan invaded Jin from12/kloc-0 12 17, and Muqali invaded Jin from 12 1223. Mongolian is an ancient ethnic group in northern China, living a nomadic life for a long time, under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty and the powerful Liao and Jin regimes in the north. By the beginning of the13rd century, the Mongolian nation was integrated and was on the eve of the emergence of the country. It took 10 years for Temujin of Bolzigijin in Mongolia to conquer Mierqi, Tatar, Kelie and Naiman successively, and unified the whole Mobei area. In A.D. 1206, Temujin was called Genghis Khan, and established the Mongolian khanate in Nanhe, which became a new powerful force in the northern grassland area. Like other ethnic groups in the north, the Mongolian Khanate was ruled by the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchen nobles. Rulers of Jin Dynasty often extorted various tributes from Mongolian tribes, which aroused the dissatisfaction and resistance of Mongolian people. With the establishment of slavery in the Mongolian khanate, the desire of slave owners and nobles to plunder wealth has been expanding. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Genghis Khan began to wage a war of invading the Jin Dynasty. The decadent Jin Dynasty dealt an unstoppable blow to Mongolian aristocrats, and the rule of the Jin Dynasty declined rapidly. In February of A.D. 12 1 1, Genghis Khan rallied to pledge his vows and launched a large-scale invasion of gold from the south of the Cullen River. With Zhe Bie as the pioneer, the Mongols led the troops to raid the 8 Jin Army Pass. Ji Sizhong, commander-in-chief of the Jin Army, quickly withdrew, and Genghis Khan's army marched smoothly and occupied Fuzhou (now east of Jining City, Inner Mongolia). The rulers appointed Wan Yan Chengyu to take charge of the army and resist, but the morale of the Jin army was low and the action was slow. Genghis Khan divided the Mongolian army into two wings, defeated the nomadic people with less attacks and chased Xuanping County (now Huailai County, Hebei Province). Chengdu and Chongqing were afraid of the enemy and fled south overnight. The Mongolian army pursued the victory and the two sides launched a decisive battle. After three days of fierce fighting, 8 jin j suffered heavy losses. Genghis Khan sent 3000 brave Mongolian cavalry directly into the Jin army. Genghis Khan personally led the army to launch a general attack, destroying the main force of this 8 Jin Army, and Cheng Yu fled to Texas. In October, Mongolian soldiers crossed Zijingguan and Juyongguan, among which the vanguard was his army, which almost reached Zhongdu (now Beijing). In December, the Mongolian army attacked Zhongjing. Yan Yanji, the ruler of the Jin Dynasty, set an ambush in the city, lured Mongolian cavalry into the city, killed countless Mongolian soldiers, and the Mongolian army was forced to retreat. The Jin army attacked the Mongolian camp again at night, so the Mongolian army had to withdraw its troops in the spring of 12 12. In the autumn of A.D. 12 12, Genghis Khan invaded south again on a large scale, targeting Xijingfu (now Datong City, Shanxi Province) in the Jin Dynasty. The Mongolian army fought fiercely with Zuo Dujian, the marshal of the Jin Dynasty reinforcements, and the Jin army was wiped out, only Otunnu was spared. Meng Jun besieged Xijing, Jin Zuo, deputy marshal and Xijing left-behind wipe _ committed to leading the army to stick to it, Genghis Khan could not capture it at the moment. Later, Genghis Khan was in battle, and the Mongolian army retreated to Yinshan. 12 13 autumn, Genghis Khan invaded from Yinshan to the south, and the Mongolian army fought all the way to Huailai, where it fought fiercely with 65,438+10,000 troops from Wan Cheng Yangang, the minister of Jin, and the Jin army was defeated. In Huailai War, all the elite nomads from the Golden Army were scattered, and the losses were extremely serious. Genghis Khan led an army to attack the south of Jinzhongdu, successively captured vast areas of Hebei and Hedong, reached the north bank of the Yellow River, and captured Shandong provinces via the east until the seashore, thus forming a siege of Zhongdu. Genghis Khan of Mongolia invaded gold not to destroy rulers, but mainly to plunder property and slaves. So, he accepted the ruler's proposal and request, accepted 500 boys and girls, 3,000 embroidered clothes, 3,000 royal horses and a lot of gold and silver jewelry, and then returned home in triumph with the population and wealth plundered from all over the world. 12 14 In May, Jin Xuanzong moved his capital to Nanjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) due to the invasion of Mongolian troops. Genghis Khan immediately sent troops south after learning the news. The following year, the garrison commander in Jinzhongdu fled, and the Mongolian army occupied Zhongdu. At the same time, Muqali of Mongolia attacked western and eastern Liaoning, captured Jin Tokyo (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) and Beijing (now Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia), and the strength of the rulers was further weakened. 12 17 In August, Genghis Khan made Muqali his surname and king, handed over the war of invading and plundering the rulers to Muqali, and led the main force of the Mongolian army to the Western Expedition. Muqali led his troops to attack the Han nationality areas south of Jinzhongdu, with Shaanxi and Hedong as the main targets. 12 18 In September, Muqali led tens of thousands of soldiers to besiege Taiyuan, an important town in Hedong, and killed Marshal Guwu, the left governor of 8 Jin Army, to discuss Desheng and conquer Taiyuan. Muqali led the troops to continue southward, and Lianke Fenzhou (now Fenyang County, Shanxi Province), Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province) and Luzhou (now Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) marched to Pingyang (now Linfen City, Shanxi Province). Enemy at the Gates, the Mongolian army, surrounded Pingyang. Nomads from only 6000 people guarding the city, no reinforcements, was defeated by, ping.

Yang fell down. Taiyuan, Pingyang and other important towns in Hedong fell one after another, which made Henan, the seat of the ruling group of the Jin Dynasty, lose its barrier and accelerated the demise of the Jin Dynasty. In 122 1 year, Muqali invaded Shanxi. In June this year, 1 1, the Mongolian army attacked Yan 'an, and Jin Yanan knew it.

Hong Yan He Da sent troops to refuse to fight, and was ambushed by Mongolian army by mistake, which caused heavy losses. Hong Yan Hoda retreated into the city and held his ground. 1August 222, Muqali turned to attack Taiyuan, which was recovered by the rulers and Taiyuan fell again. On June+10, 5438, the Mongolian army besieged Hefu (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province), and the ruler Hefu judge Hou Xiaoshu led the public to stick to it. Mongolian general Shi Tian couldn't attack for a long time, so he withdrew. However, we should take advantage of the fact that Hou's brother-in-law is out of town and the Privy Council, the ruler, is in charge of litigation and send troops to occupy the house in the river. However, in the second spring, Hou Xiaoshu took advantage of the emptiness of the central city of the river to rally 65,438+10,000 nomads to counterattack and kill Shi Tian. The Mongolian army was scattered and the ruler regained the government in the middle of the river. Soon after, 654.38+ 10,000 cavalry of Mongolian army surrounded Hefu again, Hou Xiaoshu died in battle, and Hefu was finally broken. 1spring of 223, Muqali attacked Fengxiang House (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) with a head of 65,438+10,000 troops, preparing to take Fengxiang first, and then take Jingzhao (now xi City, Shaanxi Province). The rulers left the prison army to hold the city, and Yuan went out of the city to fight hard, which dealt a heavy blow to the Mongolian army. Muqali's offensive was frustrated, lamenting the waning sun, so he had to withdraw in February. In March, Muqali died in wenxi county. 1July 227, Genghis Khan died in the army. 11In August of 29, Mongolia held the Kuritai Congress in Krulun River, and Genghis Khan's third son, Wokuotai, inherited the Khan position. After Wokuotai succeeded to the throne, he invaded the gold on a large scale, and the Mongolian-Gold War entered a substantive stage. From the winter of 1229 to the summer of 123 1, Jin Meng experienced the battle of Qingyang, the battle of Weizhou and the battle of Fengxiang in Tongguan, with both sides winning and losing. 123 1 May, Wokuotai called generals to discuss the strategy of destroying gold, and planned to divide the troops into three ways to surround Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and destroy the rulers. The Mongolian army was launched in three ways, with Wokuotai in the middle leading the troops to capture the house in the river, Dignā ga on the left marching into Jinan, and Tuo Lei on the right marching out of Fengxiang, attacking Baoji and pointing to Bianjing. The Mongolian army dispersed and headed for Bianjing. In Jin Dynasty, Da and Pu 'a sent troops from Dengzhou to save Bianjing. The Jin army was attacked by Mongolian troops scattered all over the country along the way, so they got neither rest nor rations. Tired, they were surrounded by Mongolian troops in Sansan (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). The Mongols were exhausted by the 8 Jin Army, deliberately cleared the road to Zhou Jun, set an ambush and defeated the 8 Jin Army. Jin generals Yang Woyan, Fan Ze and Zhang Hui died in battle, while Ilapu was captured by the Mongolian army. Yan Hong Heda led the remnants to Zhou Jun, surrounded by Mongolian troops, and the city was broken and killed. In the March 3rd Battle of Zhou Jun, the rulers lost their main forces, and most of them died, weakened and perished just around the corner. /kloc-in the first month of 0/232, the Mongols besieged Bianjing, and the rulers defended Bianjing, repelling the attack of the Mongols. However, Jin Aizong's ruling clique was threatened by the Mongolian army, so it dared not persist in resisting and fled to Cai Zhou, and Bianjing and Zhongjing (now Luoyang, Henan) fell one after another. In A.D. 1233, Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty reached an agreement to jointly send troops to destroy gold. Taghachar led the Mongols, and Meng Gong led Song Jun to attack Cai Zhou separately. Song and Meng armies jointly besieged Cai Zhou, preventing nomads from breaking through and nomads from entering the aid. Cai Zhou was trapped for three months, ran out of ammunition, was captured by Song Mengjun, Jin Aizong committed suicide, and the ruler perished. The Mongolian War of Destroying Gold went through three stages, and finally the emerging Mongolian Khanate wiped out the decadent Jin Dynasty. In the first two stages, the purpose of the Mongolian khanate was mainly to plunder wealth and slaves, gradually eliminate the effective strength of the rulers, and in the third stage, eliminate the rulers. This strategic deployment is correct. In terms of tactical application, in addition to giving full play to the powerful advantages of cavalry, the Mongolian siege tactics are also quite strong. The failure of rulers lies in the decay of the ruling class, lack of overall strategy and improper command. For example, in the battle of Zhou Jun, the imperial court commanded soldiers from two provinces to rush back and forth, exhausted. Despite repeated battles and defeats in the river, the people persisted in the war of resistance and finally failed to recover the defeat.