Russian critical realist writer19th century was born into a hereditary aristocratic family. 1833 entered the literature department of Moscow university, and one year later transferred to the Chinese major of the philosophy department of Petersburg university. After graduation, he went to Berlin University in Germany to study philosophy, history, Greece and Latin.

1In the spring of 843, Turgenev published a long narrative poem "Balasha", which was well received by belinsky, and they established a profound friendship.

1847 ~ 185 1 year, he published his famous work Hunter's Notes in the progressive journal Modern People. It appears in the form of prose written by a hunter while hunting, including 25 short stories. While describing the rural scenery, living customs and farmers' images, the book profoundly exposes the ugly and cruel nature of landlords who seem to be civilized and kind, and is full of sympathy for the bullied working people, writing their wisdom and kindness. The anti-serfdom tendency of this work angered the authorities, who arrested and exiled Turgenev because he published an article commemorating Nikolai Gogol and violated the censorship regulations. During his detention, he wrote the famous anti-slavery short story Jiang Mumu.

The fifties and seventies of 19 were the heyday of Turgenev's creation. His novels have been published one after another: Luo Ting (1856), Noble House (1859), Eve before (1860) and Father and Son (1860). Luo Ting, his first novel, created another "superfluous man" image after onegin and Pickering, but the difference is that Luo Ting died in the street fighting in Paris in June 1848. Father and Son is Turgenev's masterpiece. It reflects the "father-son" relationship representing different social class forces, describes the "old times" of Kirsha Novo, a representative of the pro-British liberal aristocracy, and shapes a new generation of representative-civilian intellectual Bazarov. But Bazarov is also full of contradictions. He is a rebel of the old system and a "nihilist" who denies all old traditions and ideas. He claimed to fight, but he didn't act. After the novel came out, it caused a heated debate in the literary world.

Since 1960s, Turgenev has spent most of his time in Western Europe, and made many famous writers and artists, such as Zola, Mo Bosang, Dude, Goncourt and so on. Participated in the "International Literature Conference" held in Paris and was elected as the vice chairman (the chairman is Victor? 6? 1 Hugo). Turgenev is a bridge between Russian literature and European literature.

Turgenev is a writer with unique artistic style. He is good at both delicate psychological description and lyricism. The novel is rigorous in structure, compact in plot and vivid in characters, especially good at depicting women's artistic images in detail, and his description of charming nature is also poetic.