Grand Palace Gate: 5 grand palace gates, facing south, with a large platform in front, 5 east and 5 west; At the back of the house, there are 27 rooms with curved corners facing each other; In the east, there are duty rooms for Zongren House, Cabinet, Lib, Official Department, Ministry of War, Duchayuan, Lifanyuan, Hanlin Academy, Zhanshifu, imperial academy, Lu 'an Yiwei and Dongsi Banner. To the west are the duty rooms of inpatient department, Ministry of Punishment, Ministry of Industry, Qin Tianjian, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Guanglu Temple, General Affairs Department, Dali Temple, Rift Temple, Taichang Temple, Taibu Temple, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Shangyuan Hospital, Armed Forces Hospital and Xisi Banner. ? Zheng Da Guangming Hall: Zheng Da Guangming Hall is the main hall of Yuanmingyuan. Every year, the emperor holds a birthday party, a banquet for relatives and friends, a banquet for courtiers, a banquet for the Chinese Yuan Dynasty, a dragon dance, an examination, a provincial examination and a second interview. There are seven halls, with a big platform in front and five halls for things. ? Diligence Hall: Diligence Hall is the front hall of hall of mental cultivation West Warm Pavilion, located on the east side of Guangming Hall in Zheng Da, where the emperor used to spend the summer, with a total of five halls. There is a throne in the north, a window in the south, and a board wall to open the door in the east. It is connected with the Ming Dynasty in hall of mental cultivation, where the emperor summoned his ministers. Outside the window, there are wooden screens around the building, which are separated from the bright rooms and relatively secret. Now is the original display of court life. ? Hall of mental cultivation's Xinuange is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, meets ministers alone and examines imperial examination papers. On the north wall of Nuange, there is a plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi: "Diligence and Kindness". The screen under the plaque is a poem by Emperor Qianlong. ? The largest building, Qin Zheng Qinxian Hall, is located in a courtyard in the west. In front of it, there is a palace gate and a hanging flower gate. Inside the Diaohuamen is a big yard, and Qin Zhengqin Fairy Hall is located in the north of this yard. "Qin Zheng Hall" is a hall with four rooms wide and particularly spacious. There is an emperor's throne in the center of the hall. Behind the throne is a tall screen with the word "Wuyi" written by Emperor Li Hong of Qianlong. The hall is full of tables and chairs carved with red sandalwood. Carved patterns include three friends, flowers, feathers, landscape figures, etc., which are beautifully carved and lifelike. Chairs and beds are covered with yellow satin chair covers and mattresses embroidered with golden dragons with five claws. The rooms in the temple are all carved rosewood siding, and there are bookshelves and bookcases on both sides of the throne for storing volumes and classics. During the Qianlong period, Li Hong read newspapers here and summoned courtiers. In summer, in order to escape the heat, the office and dining place were moved from "Qin Zheng Hall" to "Fang Bi Cong" in the east of the hall, because the yard in front of the cluster was lined with small stones and covered with bamboo, which was cool and pleasant. There is also a courtyard in the north of the cluster, where there are many rockeries and lakes, as well as ornamental flowers and trees with southern flavor such as plantain and begonia. In the courtyard, you can often see precious red-crowned cranes pecking at feathers and flapping their wings among the flowers in the stone, leisurely and carefree. All kinds of rare birds in the exquisite birdcage under the eaves of the corridors on both sides make crisp and pleasant calls from time to time. ? Kyushu Qingyan: Kyushu Qingyan is located on the shore of a thousand lakes, facing Zheng Da Guangming Hall across the lake. It consists of three halls, the first one is Yuanmingyuan Hall, the middle one is Fengsan Selfless Hall, and the northernmost one is Kyushu Qingyan Hall. To the east of the central axis, there is a "spring of heaven and earth", where Daoguang was born; There is "Le An He" in the west, which is the living room of Qianlong; There is Qinghui Pavilion in the west, and a huge panorama of Yuanmingyuan is hung on the north wall. The original painting is now in the Paris Museum. In the tenth year of Daoguang, temples such as "Shende Hall" were built near the "History of Love Letters", all of which were the emperor's bedrooms; In the 16th year of Daoguang, Yuanmingyuan Hall, Fengsan Selfless Hall and Kyushu Qingyan Hall. At the same time, it was burned; Yong Zhengdi and Daoguang Emperor both died in Qingyan Temple in Kyushu. ? Changchun Fairy Hall: Changchun Fairy Hall was built in Qianlong for nine years, 1744. Changchun Fairy Hall is located in the west of Qianhu Lake, where Qianlong lived before he ascended the throne. There are three temples and five main halls. ? Carve the moon and open the clouds: Carve the moon and open the clouds, formerly known as Peony Pavilion, located in the southeast corner of Houhu Lake. Building wood is mainly wood grabbing, and two-color glazed tiles are attached to the top of the hall; After Qianlong acceded to the throne, it was renamed "Carving the Moon and Opening Clouds". Thirty-one years after Qianlong, he inscribed the plaque "Jisitang"; Hundreds of peonies of various colors have been planted in the hospital. ? Bitong Academy: Bitong Academy was built in Qianlong for nine years, 1744. Located in the northeast corner of Houhu Lake, it is a study. ? Upper and lower skylights: located in the northwest of Houhu Lake, the upper and lower skylights are two-story buildings, and you can enjoy the lakes and mountains when you go upstairs. ? Xinghua Spring Pavilion: Xinghua Spring Pavilion is located in the west of the upper and lower skylight, facing the lake in the east and west, Xinghua Village in the west courtyard and the vegetable garden in front of the pavilion. ? Open and frank: open and frank, close to the west bank of Houhu Lake, it is a fish culture area specially set up in Yuanmingyuan, with buildings around it and a big pool dug in the middle. ? Wanfang Anhe: Wanfang Anhe is located on the west side of Xinghua Chunge. It is a large winding hall building built by water, with 33 rooms in total. ? High-rise building with high mountains and high water levels: The high-rise building with high mountains and high water levels is located in the open west, which is a two-story building with 9 floors above and below. There are streams in front and mountains in the back, and the terrain in the middle is flat. It is a place where banquets are held for foreign princes, and contests and archery are often held. ? Children's Paradise: Located in the northeast of Houhu Lake, Children's Paradise is the largest stage in the park. It has a three-story Yin Qing Pavilion with a width of 65,438+00 feet, and the lower floor is equipped with a stunt shaft. There are five dressing rooms in the south and five theater buildings in the north; Every year, from the 13th day of the first month, Ganlong held a festival here, and held a banquet for several days, enjoying the imperial princes, foreign princes and operas. Every emperor's birthday, he also performed here to celebrate for several days. ? Anyou Palace: Anyou Palace is located in the northwest corner of Yuanmingyuan. Built in Qianlong for seven years, it completely imitates the Imperial Palace ancestral temple. Portraits of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong are displayed in the hall. ? Shui Mu B&B: Shui Mu B&B is located in the center of a small garden gathering area north of Houhu Lake, imitating Yangzhou Shuizhu House, with hydraulic soil fans inside, which is the earliest water viewing method in the garden. ? Acropolis: Located in the east of Mincer, Shui Mu, Acropolis is a small town specially open in gardens. It is modeled after the layout of Shaluo, the capital of the ancient Indian Bridge. It is a place to worship various Buddha statues and collect Buddhist scriptures. The city wall is rectangular, long from north to south and wide from east to west. Surrounded by the city wall, there are four gates. The streets in the city are cross-shaped, with 326 temples and houses built inside, which are connected by verandas; There are also several splendid archways. In front of the city, there is a special commercial street running through the north and south, called Suzhou Street, which was opened by palace eunuchs posing as businessmen. French priest Wang Zhicheng has a detailed record of this commercial street. ? Wen Yuan Pavilion: Wen Yuan Pavilion, located in the north of Minsk, Shui Mu, was originally named Sida Pavilion. After visiting Zhejiang in the south, the Tianyi Pavilion of Ningbo Ming Dynasty Library was rebuilt, and the Sikuquanshu was specially stored. ? Dagong Kuanran: Dagong Kuanran, also known as Shuanghezhai, is located in the northeast of the Acropolis. This is a group of large buildings in the garden. The main building is near the big pool in the north, and the scenery in the garden is reflected in the water. There are also scenic spots such as Yinshitang and the depths of Linghe River. ? Xifeng Xiuse: Xifeng Xiuse pigment is known as Lushan Mountain in the garden, modeled after Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province; The Flower Harbor in Hou Yuan is modeled after the scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou. Every year on Tanabata, there will be a wonderful feast here. ? Siyi Bookstore: Siyi Bookstore is located in the northeast of Kulan Dagong, Hall 5. The main hall, named An Lan Garden, was rebuilt after Qianlong's southern tour, imitating Haining Chenyuan on the Hangzhou Bay. ? Beiyuan Mountain Village: Beiyuan Mountain Village is located to the east of the North Gate, and there are rice fields everywhere. The names of all the houses are related to farming, showing a strong pastoral scenery. ? Fanghu Scenic Area: Fanghu Scenic Area is located in the northeast corner of Fuhai water surface, which is a huge gable building. ? Penglai Yaotai: Penglai Yaotai is located in the middle of Fuhai and has three islands. Its structure and layout are designed according to the painting "Fairy Mountain Pavilion" by the ancient painter Li Sixun. There are three palace gates and seven halls. In front of the hall, there are three islands in China in the east, the hall in the east is the companion room, and the hall in the west is the daily good news of peace. There is a bridge across the street in the southeast, which leads to the East Island, and there is also a small pavilion on the island. There is a curved bridge in the northwest, which can connect to the North Island. There are three temples on the island. ? Xiushan Room: Xiushan Room is located in the southeast corner of Fuhai. The interior decoration is all made of rosewood lacquerware, inlaid with gold and silver, precious stones and ivory. These rare treasures are carved with landscapes, pavilions, figures, flowers and trees, insects and birds. This kind of decoration, from design to carving technology, was created by a craftsman named Zhou in Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty, so it is called Zhou system, which occupies an important position in the history of sculpture in China. ? Autumn Moon in Pinghu: Autumn Moon in Pinghu is located in the northwest corner of Fuhai, and its shape combines the essence of autumn moon in Pinghu, autumn moon in West Lake, autumn moon in Hangzhou and two peaks. ? Quyuan Fenghe: Quyuan Fenghe is located in the south of Tongheyuan on the west bank of Fuhai, with a row of five halls, which was reconstructed after Hangzhou West Lake Quyuan, and there is also a 9-hole stone bridge in the pool. ? Chunhua Xuan: Chunhua Xuan is the main building in the middle of Changchun Garden. Its completion coincides with the completion of the "Re-carved Spring Pavilion Sticker", so it is embedded in the left and right corridor walls, hence the name. Block 144, volume *** 10, which brings together the original works of 99 famous artists in past dynasties; After carving, it expanded 400 departments and distributed them to royal relatives, ministers, palaces and places of interest in Zhili, Shandong and Zhejiang. So Chunhua Xuan became the Beijing area? The famous forest of steles. ? Haiyue placket: Haiyue placket is built in the pool, with a circular abutment, two floors above and below, and white marble railings around it. The stage has three floors, the lower floor is the front of the sea moon, and the south eaves are engraved with the words "Qingyao Island"; The middle layer is the golden pavilion, with the title "Tianxin water surface" 4 words; The top topic is "Take Six Dragons" and Yuanmingyuan.

; There is an arch on each side of the platform. Of all the pavilions in Yuanmingyuan, this group of buildings is the most luxurious. ? Lion Forest: Lion Forest is located in the northeast corner of Changchun Garden. After Emperor Qianlong visited Suzhou, he imitated Suzhou Lion Forest, and built 8 scenes first, then 8 scenes, *** 16 scenes, forming a number of unique small garden attractions. ? Ruyuan: Ruyuan is located in the southeast corner of Changchun Garden. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong's southern tour to Jiangning (now Nanjing), he modeled himself on Xu Da Zhan Yuan, a general of the Ming Dynasty. ? Heqi: It was the first building built in the autumn of the 16th year of Qianlong. The main building is on the third floor. There is a large seawall fountain in the south of the building, which consists of bronze geese, bronze sheep and humpback grouper in the west. On the left and right sides of the building, the octagonal hall extends from the curved corridor, where Chinese and western music is played. ? Haiyan Hall: It is the largest palace in the West Building. The main entrance of the main building faces west, and there is a big pool in front of the steps. The pool is arranged in a figure of eight. Bronze statues of animal faces (rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog, pig 12 zodiac signs) spray water for one hour (2 hours) in turn every day and night, and the twelve zodiac signs spray water together at noon, commonly known as "hydraulic clock". Originally, it was a European-style portrait of naked women, but Emperor Qianlong thought that naked women did not conform to the customs of China, so he changed it into a bronze statue of the zodiac, made of bronze. ? Dashuifa: It is the most spectacular fountain in the West Building. The building is shaped like a stone niche, similar to a doorway. There is a big lion head spraying water below, forming a seven-layer water curtain. There is an oval chrysanthemum fountain in front and back, and a bronze sika deer in the center of the pool. The antlers spray water eight times. Two servants kept ten bronze dogs, and sprayed water from their mouths, shooting directly at the deer, splashing layers of waves. Commonly known as "hunting dogs for deer." On the left and right sides of Dashuifa, there is a huge spray tower, which is square and has thirteen floors, and the top spouts water columns. There are eighty-eight copper pipes around the tower, all of which spray water together. At that time, the emperor was sitting opposite watching the water method and looking at this group of fountains. Magal, the British envoy, and the Dutch envoy both "admired" the wonders of water law here. It is said that if this fountain is fully opened, it will be like a flash flood. It is said that people in the vicinity have to gesture when they speak, and its spectacular degree can be imagined. ? Water observation method: the water observation method is located at the southern end of the central axis of Yuan Yingguan. The main building has a pedestal of the emperor's throne, behind which there is a tall stone carving screen with Baciru doors on both sides. On both sides of the door, there is a giant water tower and a pool that receives water spray. All kinds of animals are arranged in a semicircle beside the pool according to the situation, indicating games such as animal wars and deer shooting in the forest; According to the traditional timing method in China, the names of 12 animals represent 12 hours a day, and every 1 hour, 1 animal sprays water into the pool. ? Flower Array: Flower Array, also known as Yellow Flower Array, is a garden modeled after the European maze. Brick walls engraved with characters four feet high are divided into several mazes, so they are called "Wanhua Array". Although the diameter distance from the entrance to the central pavilion is only more than 30 meters, it is easier to get in than to get out. Every Mid-Autumn Festival night, the Qing emperor sat in the circular pavilion in the center of the pavilion, and eunuchs and ladies-in-waiting held lotus lanterns made of yellow colored silk to find a way to fly. The first one could get the reward from the emperor. So it is also called yellow flower array or yellow light. It was a pleasure for the Qing emperor to sit on a high place and look at the lotus lanterns running around. ? Line method mountain: there is a square river between line method mountain and line method wall. A water tank is set under the linear wall, and the model of Venice city is placed in the water tank. The emperor sat on the mountain of Linear Law to watch.

Garden collection

Yuanmingyuan is not only famous for its gardens, but also a royal museum with a rich collection, which can be called a treasure house of culture. Hugo once said: "Even if all the treasures of Notre Dame de China are added together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum." The garden is luxuriously furnished and has a large collection of art treasures. According to westerners who have witnessed the Yuanmingyuan, "the magnificent scene in the garden is beyond description and imagination of Europeans". "This royal villa contains all kinds of precious treasures, which are spread all over thousands of households." Exquisite carved mahogany furniture, exquisite ancient broken porcelain and enamel bottle lamps, tapestries, carpets, leather goods made of gold and silver, pure gold-plated French clocks, exquisite general plan of Yuanmingyuan, pictures inlaid with gems, vivid plaques of scenic figures, and other exquisite domestic art products and various exotic decorations in Europe. ? Yuanmingyuan is rich in books and cultural relics. Now, just a few examples are given. Wen Yuan Pavilion is a library building modeled after Ningbo Fantianyi Pavilion. It is one of the four famous royal pavilions in the north, which was built in Qianlong for forty years. In the pavilion are the Sikuquanshu ordered by Qianlong and the Integration of Ancient and Modern Books compiled by Kangxi. Sikuquanshu is the largest comprehensive series in ancient China, with more than 3,400 kinds of books, nearly 80,000 volumes and more than 36,000 volumes. Due to the voluminous articles in the book, the most important one at that time was selected and compiled into the Summary of Sikuquanshu, with a total volume of 12000. The manuscript of Yao Hui is divided into two parts, one is in the algae hall of the Forbidden City, and the other is in the "tasting room" of the East Wing of Changchun Garden. In addition, there is a famous Wenxuan in Hanjingtang-Chunhua Xuan, which was specially built to collect the manuscripts of the famous French post "Chunhua Pavilion Post". Ge Tie was first copied in the third year of Chunhua in the Northern Song Dynasty (992), and included the calligraphy works of 99 people, including Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Cang Xie, Yu Xia and Confucius. The Post is divided into ten volumes, which is the first large-scale cluster post in China, and is known as the ancestor of ten thousand posts. During the Qianlong period, according to the Northern Song Dynasty's "Initial Extension of Getie", after careful revision, this stone was carved with a hook. It lasted for three years. In the spring of the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), about 24 cloisters in front of Chunhua Xuan were inlaid with 144 engravings. This is the famous "Gan Da Engraving Chunhua Pavilion Post". Needless to say, during the theft of Yuanmingyuan, precious books and cultural relics such as Sikuquanshu, Quanquanyao, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, and Chunhua Pavilion Post were not spared. This can reflect from one side that the imperialist invaders burned Yuanmingyuan, which caused great damage to human culture. ? Of course, nothing is perfect. As big as the Yuanmingyuan, several emperors have expanded and rebuilt one after another, and the influence of decadent feudal emperors' consciousness is still insufficient from any angle. However, on the whole, Yuanmingyuan is indeed an excellent garden. It can be said that it has brought together the excellent gardening art of China for thousands of years and pushed the classical gardens in China to a new height. At that time, some westerners were deeply impressed with China gardens, which started from Yuanmingyuan.

Artistic feature

Yuanmingyuan is not only a treasure house, but also the largest royal museum and art gallery in the world at that time, with many treasures, books and artistic masterpieces. There are famous calligraphy and painting, secret house classics, Zhong Ding treasures, gold and silver jewelry and other precious cultural relics, which condense the essence of ancient culture. Yuanmingyuan is also a garden of exotic flowers and plants, with millions of rare flowers and trees. Westerners who have witnessed Yuanmingyuan completely call her "the king of ten thousand gardens". ? Besides, Yuanmingyuan is also the place where the emperor lived the most besides the Forbidden City.