The Tang Dynasty was prosperous, and its economy and culture were prosperous. The gold and silver wares in the Tang Dynasty are gorgeous and elegant, full of cultural atmosphere, especially
Plastic arts are unique, with strong western style, distinctive national style and rich politics, society, history and culture.
Cultural connotation reflects their unique historical and cultural background.
Keywords gold and silver ware; Plastic arts; Cultural connotation
The ancient gold and silver wares in China flourished in the Tang Dynasty and later, which also represented the highest level of metal technology. Gold and silver in Tang dynasty
There are many kinds of utensils, many of which have unique shapes, which are not among the traditional China utensils. They have strong characteristics and styles of the times.
Through them, we can see the rich and colorful real life, the prosperous culture and art in the Tang Dynasty, and the absorption, sublation and dissemination of China by foreign cultures.
The whole process of cultural integration.
First, the sudden prosperity of gold and silver wares in the Tang Dynasty.
Although the production of gold and silver utensils in China can be traced back to the Warring States period, it was not used in a very small range until the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it was more common in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Import products for the west. In the Tang Dynasty, many immortal ideas such as "gold and silver can be eaten as utensils" appeared in foreign cultures and traditional immortality techniques.
Under the heavy influence, the production and use of gold and silver vessels gradually flourished. At the same time, the prosperity of the country and the accumulation of wealth have led to the rise of extravagant pleasures in society.
Wind, the demand for gold and silver utensils surged. Specifically, there are the following aspects:
1, the mining of gold and silver mines prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, providing sufficient raw materials. According to the old and new records of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1 1 gold mining sites and silver mining sites in the Tang Dynasty.
56 places. Bai Juyi said in a poem: "Silver gives birth to Chu Ci, and gold gives birth to the riverside. Southerners abandon agriculture, and it is difficult to ask for anything. There is no winter and spring. " can
Seeing the boom of gold and silver mining at that time. Moreover, there were two systems of gold and silver mining in the Tang Dynasty, official mining and private mining, which the government sometimes emphasized.
One is to benefit from taxes. Develop gold and silver mines flexibly and promote the development of gold and silver mining industry.
2. Improvement of gold and silver technology in Tang Dynasty. The complicated craft of gold and silver wares is one of the most difficult handicraft techniques in the Tang Dynasty, which was quoted by the Ming Dynasty.
There are 14 kinds of gold and silver handicrafts mentioned in the Six Classics of Tang Dynasty. Western knocking technology enabled the Tang people to make the shapes of vessels and floats.
Carving patterns, gilding and gilding techniques were widely used in the Tang Dynasty, and gilding silverware flourished in the Tang Dynasty, accounting for the vast majority of silverware. Carving,
The unique technological characteristics such as leveling, casting, welding, cutting and polishing make the production technology of gold and silver vessels superb and reach an unprecedented level.
The central government has also set up a "gold and silver workshop" and a "school of literature" in the palace to make gold and silver vessels for the emperor and the harem and allow them to be used privately.
Known as "Zuo Hang", folk gold and silver workshops employ folk craftsmen to cast or conduct commercial production for the government and the rich. Greatly promoted the development of gold and silver vessels.
Exhibition.
3. The luxury enjoyment of the upper class leads to a sharp increase in the demand for gold and silver wares. The economic development of the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Kaiyuan period, came to the forefront.
Unprecedented prosperity, luxury prevails in the ruling and opposition parties. My lieutenants kept offering precious gold and silver to win their favor, and most of them were made directly.
It was rare for artifacts to be sent to the central government before the Tang Dynasty. The wind of bounty silverware also prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, since the period of Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian.
Xuanzong. It is mainly used in two aspects: the court presented gold and silver utensils to neighboring countries to develop diplomatic relations, and a large number of gifts were given to favored ministers.
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once burned the royal gold, silver and jewels in the imperial court to show that the world was cold and advocated frugality. It can be seen that the extravagant wind at that time.
Sheng.
4. The prosperity of the Silk Road. The political opening in the Tang Dynasty and the prosperity of communication between China and the West made frequent contacts with neighboring countries, which made many foreigners.
Businessmen and craftsmen from China also came to China. Western gold, silver and utensils were also imported along with communication, especially those imported from Park Jung Su and Posada.
At most. In terms of gold and silver processing technology, the increasingly independent metal processing technology, which was born out of bronze casting since the Han Dynasty, was acquired and spread from Central Asia in the Tang Dynasty.
The integration of gold and silver processing technology and decorative art of Sogdians, Persians, Sassanians, Indians and East Romans is not only to imitate strange shapes and patterns.
At the same time, it absorbed western technologies such as hammering and welding. Through this ancient road, the Tang Dynasty brought ancient China culture, Indian culture and Persia.
Culture, Arabic culture, ancient Greek and Roman culture are interlinked.
Second, the rich and unique plastic arts of gold and silver vessels in the Tang Dynasty.
The modeling of utensils is closely related to people's lifestyle and aesthetic taste, and also reflects the cultural characteristics of the times. Types of gold and silver wares in Tang Dynasty
There are many kinds and unique shapes. From the unearthed and collected materials, it exceeds the sum of all previous dynasties' gold and silver wares before the Tang Dynasty. In the plastic arts, gold and silver in the Tang Dynasty
There are many shapes in all kinds of utensils that have never been seen before the Tang Dynasty. The types of gold and silver vessels in the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into: food vessels, drinking vessels, boxes and vessels.
Ornaments and religious utensils, as well as the shapes of vessels, drinking vessels and boxes, are the most typical main gold and silver vessels in the Tang Dynasty.
1. Dishes and plates of food containers are the most popular forms of gold and silver utensils in the Tang Dynasty, with similar lines, which can also be collectively called plates, and bowls are also common in food containers.
The shape of the device. The shapes of gold and silver plates and saucers in Tang Dynasty mainly include round plates, arc petal-shaped plates and irregular plates. Characteristics of the disc: mouth
It is round, with a small mouth and a flat bottom. For example, the silver plate with double fish pattern unearthed in Xi 'an, Shaanxi, the circular silver plate with magpie and bird pattern unearthed in hejia village, and the circular oriole unearthed in Northwestern Polytechnical University.
Disc and so on. The petal-shaped disc is characterized by its petal-shaped bending. From the unearthed data, it is mostly rhombic, sunflower and begonia.