How do geologists identify minerals?
If it is a watch, it can be identified from the physical properties of minerals, such as color, hardness, luster, crystal shape, stripes and so on. If it is under a microscope, it is mainly identified from the optical properties of minerals, such as refractive index, color, interference color, extinction angle and so on. It can also be identified according to crystal morphology and twin morphology ... but there is no such good condition in the wild, usually through my accumulated experience and my own understanding of minerals.