Designed by Charles Canil in 186 1 year, the Opera House is the pinnacle of classical revivalism. Its architecture perfectly combines several architectural forms, such as ancient Greek and Roman colonnades and baroque. It is magnificent, exquisite and magnificent, and is known as a theater with paintings, marble and gold ornaments, which gives people great enjoyment. It is one of the typical buildings in Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte.
Chinese name: Paris Opera House mbth: Opéra de Paris Total area: 1 1237 square meters Design: Charles Canil Construction time: 186 1- 1875 Best play season: four seasons. Opening hours: daily 10:00- 17:00. Ticket price: 9 euros French: Opéra Garnier full name: Garnier Opera House area: required reading before departure in Paris, France, introduction of scenic spots, key information, how to get there, beautiful scenery, introduction of the theater, architectural structure, interior decoration, qualified buildings, grand performances, labyrinth legends, historical materials, introduction of ballet, introduction, history, performance types, activities, traffic tips and introduction of the theater. The full name of Paris Opera House is Opéra Garnier, named after the surname of the architect Salli Garnier (1825-1898), and it is a place for French upper class to enjoy operas. As early as the17th century, Italian opera became popular all over Europe and dominated the opera stage. European composers devote themselves to developing their own opera art, competing with Italian operas, and fighting against the court nobles' pursuit of fashionable and vulgar tastes. It was during this period that France absorbed the experience of Italian opera and created its own opera art, and French opera also developed. The formation of the artistic style of French opera determines that France will establish its own opera house. 1667, French king Louis XIV approved the establishment of the first opera house in France. 167 1 19 In March, Perrin, Campbell and de Sudek were responsible for the construction of the Royal Opera House, which was the predecessor of the Paris Opera House. 1763 was destroyed by fire. 1860, Sally Canil, who was only 35 years old, undertook the design task of the new opera house. 1875, the new opera house was built, which is recognized as the most successful architectural masterpiece of the Second Reich. The facade of this building is magnificent and luxurious. Through the Opera Square and Opera Street, it can directly see the Royal Palace and the Louvre Museum. Paris Opera House Paris Opera House has a world-famous ballet and orchestra, with a total performance of nearly 1 100. Building structure: Paris Opera House 173m in length, 125m in width and 1 1237m2 in total construction area. The theater has the largest stage in the world and can accommodate 450 actors at the same time. There are 2200 seats in the theater. The chandelier hanging in the performance hall weighs about eight tons. Its magnificent lounge is comparable to the grand mirror gallery of Versailles. Its walls and columns are covered with baroque sculptures, chandeliers and oil paintings. Some people say it is as luxurious as a jewelry box, full of gold and silver jewelry. Its artistic atmosphere is very rich, and it is an ideal place for the audience to rest and socialize. The director is 54m long,13m wide and18m high. Paris Opera Lounge The building structure of Paris Opera House is very complicated, with 25,365,438+0 doors, 7,593 keys and 6 miles of underground tunnels. In the basement of the Opera House, there is a huge dark lake with a depth of 6 meters. Every 10 years, the theater will drain all the water there and replace it with clean water. The Phantom of the Opera, written by the famous French detective suspense novelist Si Tong Leroux (1868- 1927), happened in this magnificent building. As soon as you enter the opera house, you will be immediately attracted by the spectacular grand staircase. The marble staircase shines even more brightly in the golden light. It is said that it was polished by the petticoat of the noble lady at that time. You can imagine the grand occasion of the opera house at that time. There are many fables painted on the ceiling above the grand staircase. After enjoying the grand staircase, you can enter the corridor of the opera house from both sides. These corridors provide a place for the audience to talk socially during the intermission, which is as beautiful and spectacular as the grand staircase. The grand corridor conceived by Gaieni is similar to the classical castle corridor, which complements opera appreciation in the way of staggered mirrors and glass. Paris Opera House Paris Opera House is a masterpiece of eclectic architecture and an important monument of the Second Reich of France. The facade of the theater imitates the baroque architectural style of late Italy, and is mixed with complex sculptures, which has a great influence on the architecture of European countries. The interior decoration of Paris Opera House is permeated with baroque facade. The facade of the Paris Opera House is solemn and majestic. It adopts the upper, middle and lower stages commonly used in classical architecture, and each stage uses different architectural elements: the top of the facade is a triangular roof with Roman style, and the shape of arched mountain flowers is taken from the practice of classical temple architecture; The middle floor is a row of magnificent colonnades, with double columns and small pilasters used in Baroque style, separated by large windows, and there is a round "bull's eye window" commonly used in Baroque architecture on the top of the window, showing a grand and dignified momentum; The ground floor is an Italian seven-arch road, which also echoes the arched mountain flowers on the top floor and the colonnade and window holes in the middle floor. The interior decoration staircase, which is a mixture of Baroque style and Rococo style, is decorated with classical railings and Rococo-style sculptures on both sides, making the whole staircase magnificent. The continuous arches, columns and lights under the eaves show the characteristics of baroque style. There are also many fairy tales painted on the veranda and ceiling, which have the decorative characteristics of classical style and inherit the characteristics of classical architecture "zenith painting" Walking up the giant stairs, you will face luxurious corridors and lounges. The ceiling, walls, stairs and every corner of the room are covered with exquisite sculptures, beautifully shaped chandeliers and a large number of powdered oil paintings on the top of the wall, which has a strong rococo style. Because of its gorgeous decoration, the Opera House is also called "the jewelry box of Paris". The ceiling is always the "ceiling painting" of classical oil painting, and the walls on both sides are niches and sculptures with complex classical style tendency. The inner hall of the Paris Opera House is supported by complex Ionian columns, and rococo-style crystal lamps are hung above the open hall. Here, red, yellow, gold, silver and green are all available, colorful, gorgeous in shape, magnificent, noble and elegant. It seems that the nobility and luxury here have reached the extreme. A scroll sculpture with soft and elegant Ionian column shape and smooth and stretched stigma, with a slender proportion of columns. Architect Canil also improved the traditional Ionian cylinder. He canceled the groove design of the column to make it look smoother and more supple. The lounge is not only extremely luxurious inside, but also has many gold-plated bronze statues above the French windows, surrounded by gray, red and gold bricks, which are gorgeous and dignified. Among them, there are 365,438+0 composers and playwrights, including Mozart, Beethoven and Rossini. The sculpture is meticulous and vivid, just like the central hall built by the master in classical style. In the center of the opera house is a huge horseshoe-shaped audience hall. This kind of visual design is extremely scientific, because the stage can make the indoor visual effect and performance effect reach the best from any angle. The velvet red of the audience hall constitutes the main color, and it is inlaid with gold veneers during the period, which is magnificent. The ceiling of the audience hall is decorated in a crown shape with a giant crystal chandelier in the center. The paintings around the chandelier are surreal, exquisite and dazzling. The ceiling is covered with gold-plated sculptures, which are noble and elegant, matching the image of the crown and conforming to the royal temperament of the theater. Paris Opera House has the largest stage in traditional European opera houses, with a clearance of 33 meters above the stage, which greatly expands the expressive force of the stage. Red Velvet curtains with golden frills and pleated shapes on the curtains were actually painted realistically by the artist. The spacious stage leans slightly towards the audience hall. This design is a kind of modeling innovation, which makes the audience feel immersive. The overall structure of the Opera House is a steel structure, but the designers have wrapped these steel structures in gold, so that people can't feel the traces of new materials and technologies. In addition, the Paris Opera House is permeated with some modern and post-modern designs. For example, according to the completion time of19th century Paris Opera House, postmodern style has not yet appeared, which should be supplemented by later designers. The reason why it forms an eclectic style is that the architecture and decoration style of Paris Opera House inherits the vein of classical architectural style, including classicism, baroque style, rococo style, and even various features of postmodernism. There are two reasons for this. One is the diversity of social cognition at that time. France was the center of European literary and artistic activities at the end of 18 and the beginning of 19, and various schools emerged one after another. In painting, impressionism and romanticism appeared. In music, French national music school and impressionist music school appeared. In literature, realistic literature and romantic literature appeared; In architecture, baroque architecture, rococo architecture and neoclassical architecture appeared. Pure classicism, which prevailed for centuries at that time, was no longer valued. In this case, it is natural that the style of the Paris Opera House is diversified. Secondly, the design and construction of Paris Opera House takes a long time. 167 1 year, an architect was responsible for building the royal opera house, but the building was destroyed by fire in 1763. The reconstruction project started on 1862, but was interrupted on 1870 due to the Franco-Prussian War. Until 1875, the Paris Opera House was finally completed. The Paris Opera House has been built for more than 200 years, and several designers have changed in the middle, so the style and style will not be unified. In the past two hundred years, the changes of different designers and different design concepts in different periods will inevitably affect the architectural form and architectural decoration, which is the role of the culture of the times in design. A qualified building must meet the following requirements, including the reasonable arrangement of various use functions and spaces inside the building, the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment and various external conditions, the artistic effects inside and outside the building, the construction methods of various details, and the comprehensive coordination between the building and the structure, the building and various equipment and other related technologies. The landmark cultural buildings in places like the Grand Theatre should strive for perfection in fulfilling the above requirements. Grand performance: 167 1 19 On March 9th, the Royal Opera House was completed, and Campbell performed the pastoral drama Pomona, which was recognized as the first opera in France. Soon, Perrin went to prison for debt. 1672, King Louis XIV authorized French Italian Lurie to take charge of the French opera world. From 1672 to 1687, Lurie always controlled the Paris Opera House. He initiated the first important period in the history of Paris Opera House. During his tenure, he performed his own works, including about 20 operas and ballets, which laid the foundation for the development of French opera. The second important period in the history of French opera, from 1737 to 1760, happened to be the stage of many excellent works by Mora. From 1773 to 1779, the French opera world was conquered by Gluck's character and genius. When Gluck visited Paris from Vienna, his opera was immediately welcomed, dwarfing the Italian opposition. After the French Revolution, the new government thought that many operas were too aristocratic to be staged. They were replaced by works by Mehul and Gossec. It was not until the restoration of the royal family that some banned operas were restored. 1791-1801year, the Paris Opera House is under the jurisdiction of the Paris municipal government. From 1802, Napoleon has the right to decide the performance of new works in the theater. 18 1 1 year, he forced other opera houses to pay funds to the Paris Opera House and the Opera Orchestra. 182 1 year, works by composers such as Rossini, Weber, Donizetti and Mozart were performed here. 1875 65438+10.5, when the newly-built "Paris National Opera House" opened, in addition to orchestral performances, August Melmer's "Jewish Woman" was also staged. Therefore, The Jewish Woman is also the premiere opera of the new academy. From the end of 18 to the beginning of 19, the Paris Opera House mainly performed works by French composers, and some early opera works were often performed here. The theater also introduced some plays from other places, such as Mozart's The Wedding of Figaro, The Magic Flute, Don Juan and later Rossini's works, but these works were often modified to be unsatisfactory. In the following period, due to political and other reasons, the quality of theater performances declined. 1873, 10 year129 October, the building of the Paris Opera House was destroyed by a fire. When the new Opera House was completed and put into use in1875,65438+year10.5, people found that it was the largest and most luxurious opera house in the world at that time. From the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, perhaps the most striking thing happened in the Paris Opera House was that Wagner's works were put on the stage one after another, 189 1 year's Lohengreen, 1893' s Rhine River and Valkyria's gold, and 1897' s. Siegfried performed in 1902, the gods performed in 1908 at dusk, and parsifal performed in191. Salome by Richard Strauss was staged on 19 10, but der rosenkavalier was staged in Dresden 1927, 16, and Elektra was staged here on 1933. Some ballets also premiered at the Paris Opera House, but at this time there were few French operas in the Paris Opera House, and the role of performing domestic operas was replaced by the lyric opera house. Between the two world wars, the operas of Cournot and Masnier often occupied the stage of the Paris Opera House, and their performances always maintained a fairly high standard. In the twenties and thirties, people can always hear the voices of famous singers such as soprano Ninon Varan, tenor George Tell and soprano Jory Lawrence. During the German occupation of Paris, Pfizer's Paris Chorus was staged here on 1942, becoming the most important new work in wartime. After the war, the Paris Opera House had a hard time. When the opera houses in Vienna, new york and London were able to create operas representing their level with a new generation of first-class singers in the 1950s, the singers of the Paris Opera House were in a state of being unable to compete with them, even though all the operas performed here were performed in French. It was not until Rolf Lieberman became the manager of the Paris Opera House in 197 1 that this situation changed, and the Paris Opera House appeared a trend of slowly rising from the sea. Although French singers still can't compare with singers from other regions, foreign singers began to play an important role in the Paris Opera House to improve their vocal music. For example, Nicolas Gaida, a famous tenor from Sweden, has maintained close cooperation with the Paris Opera House for a long time. After 1972, the form of dialogue was first accepted by the Paris Opera House. The Lieberman period ended at 1980. Since then, although the Paris Opera House still occasionally produces moving works, it tends to lose its own personality. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, one of Wagner's works attracted the most attention in the theater. 19 10 theater staged Salome by Richard Strauss, 1927 staged der rosenkavalier (after the play premiered 16 years). During this period, some ballets premiered here, but few French operas performed here. Between the two world wars, the operas of Cournot and Masnier were often performed here, and people can often hear the voices of famous sopranos Ninon Varan, Marjory Lawrence and tenor George Thiel. During World War II, the Germans occupied Paris, and 1942 Putzner's SkyTeam Paris was staged here. After the war, the Paris Opera House experienced a difficult period. Its performance level cannot be compared with the world-class opera houses in Vienna, new york and London. It was not until 197 1 that Rolf Lieberman first entered the Paris Opera House. Lieberman held the leadership position of the regiment until 1980. Later, under the guidance of Brittany, Berg's opera Lulu premiered here, and French opera has always occupied an important position on the world stage. Since the establishment of 1994 Paris National Opera House (ONP for short), most of the operas in Paris have moved to the new Opera House in the Bastille Square, and more than 600 operas have been staged, among which Lyle's "Arisi and in Hippo Park" and "Cupid and Dionysus's Festival" premiered. Gluck's Oflo, Olid's Effigini, Mora's casto Ear and Polodis, Rossini's Earl Orie, Ober's Sargan of Polti, Meyer's Rob the Devil, Berlioz's Benvinuto Cerini, Verdi's Vespers in Sicily and Massenet's In. The theater has maintained the peak position of French opera so far, showing the noble temperament of the French. The labyrinth of the new opera house in the Bastille Square in Paris Legend has it that the Phantom of the Underground Opera House of the Paris Opera House is very famous, and the story of the Phantom of the Opera takes place in the Paris Opera House. This opera house is full of mystery because of its complex structure and long history. The theater has 25,365,438+0 doors, 7,593 keys and 6 miles of underground tunnels. The entire opera house covers an area of three hectares and is seven stories high. Moreover, what is even more amazing is that on the lowest floor of the Opera House, there is a reservoir with a volume of 130663.55 cubic feet and a depth of 6 meters. If the audience goes to the bottom of the basement, they can see its dark and sticky water surface. Every ten years or so, the Opera House will drain the water here and replace it with clean water. It is said that this pool was formed by accidentally touching groundwater when building an opera house and excavating the basement. Charles Canil, the architect at that time, spent eight months pumping all the water dry, but in order to make the foundation of the building more solid, the walls and floors of the basement he designed adopted double waterproof structures. After that, he filled the last layer with water, so that the water could fill the cracks in the wall and make it stronger. The original structure was designed by accident, but under the basements, a pool suddenly appeared, which actually created flashing lights and grotesque boats for the film. Anyway, if we study the architectural structure of Paris Opera House and its legendary history, it will be a very long (and interesting) topic. It is true that you can never uncover its mystery without seeing it with your own eyes. Name changes In history, the name of the most important opera house in Paris has undergone many changes, thus recording the results of all previous political events on one side. The most important names are179/kloc-Opera Theatre after 0/year,1Art Theatre after 794, 1804, and18/kloc-Royal Conservatory of Music after 0/4 years. As early as17th century, Italian opera swept Europe and dominated the opera stage. European composers are committed to developing their own opera art, competing with Italian operas and fighting against the court nobles' pursuit of fashionable and vulgar tastes. It was during this period that France absorbed the experience of Italian opera and created its own opera art, and French opera also developed. The formation of the artistic style of French opera determines that France will establish its own opera house. 1667, approved by king Louis XIV of France and supported by the French government. 167 1 19 In March, Perrin, Campbell and de Sudek were responsible for the construction of the first French opera house, the Royal Opera House, which was the predecessor of the Paris Opera House. 1763 was destroyed by fire. 1860 65438+In February, the French Art Department finally decided to build the Paris Opera House. In the works of 17 1, 35-year-old architect Charles Canil stood out, but he was not recognized by everyone at that time. In the summer of 186 1, the opera house began to be built, but all the problems were taken precautions: first, there was a stream under the foundation, which caused the foundation to be unstable, and then 1870 Franco-Prussian War and the fourth revolution stopped the unfinished opera house. In this way, the Paris Opera House, which laid the foundation stone in 1862, was officially opened in 1875, and the project cost exceeded 47 million francs. 1875 65438+1On October 5th, the first opera "Jewish Girl" was staged in the Opera House, and the Paris Opera House was officially unveiled. 1896, at the end of the first act of the opera thetis and Pei Lei, a middle-aged woman died because of a short circuit, which was later adapted into a famous scene in the phantom of singing. Paris Opera House-Napoleon's management is between 1790 and 10. The Paris Opera House was mostly under the jurisdiction of the Paris municipal government, but Napoleon gradually stole its leadership into his own hands. From 65438 to 0802, he began to master the power of life and death in the performance of new works, and was able to decide whether to invest in the production of a new opera. His Minister of the Interior also had a strong veto power. In the reform of 1807, Napoleon tried to restore the role played by the opera house in the past years and make it a special "exhibit" in this country. He exerted a great influence on the opera house in the choice of performances, forcing other smaller theaters to pay money to the opera house at 18 1 1. At this stage, the orchestra of the Opera House has expanded to 70 people, including a large number of excellent soloists, thus keeping the orchestra's performance at a high level and enjoying a high reputation. Introduction to Ballet The ballet of Paris Opera House is the cradle of classical ballet. /kloc-in the 6th century, some choreography technical standards and expression techniques introduced to France from Italy by Catherien de Medicis were incorporated into the court ballet. Later, during the reign of Louis XIV, king of the sun, the monarch hoped to turn this aristocratic dance into a real stage art, so he founded the Royal Dance Academy at 166 1, becoming the first institution in France to determine the rules of dance and conduct dance teaching. 1669, Louis XIV laid the foundation stone for the Royal Conservatory of Music (the predecessor of the Paris Opera House) and established the first professional dance company in Europe. 17 13, a dance school was established at the initiative of King Louis XIV. At this point, all the factors for the sustainable development of a professional dance company are available. The history of the Paris Opera Ballet can be traced back to more than 300 years ago. 16 1 year, King Louis XIV of France founded the Royal Dance Academy. As the birthplace of classical ballet, the ballet of Paris Opera House has never stopped. The ballet of Paris Opera House has a large number of plays. On the one hand, we are committed to preserving the essence of these plays, on the other hand, we welcome the creation of new plays with an open mind. The types of performances include romantic ballet (Joseph Mazlier, Philip Taglioni), classical ballet (Marius Petipa), Russian ballet by serge diaghilev, neoclassical ballet (balanchine, Kirian, Jerome Robbins), modern ballet (Alvin Avery, pina bausch, Maurice Behalt, Carolyn Carlson, merce cunningham, Matz Eck, William Forsythe, Ohad Nahalin, John Newmel, Alvin Nicola, roland petit) and works commissioned by the dance company (Jembel, David Bambana, Theresa Brown, Odile Dubock, Jean-Claude Gallotta, Michelle Clemens) People's Daily Online, Beijing, August 27th (Song Jingsi) Dance theorist, Chinese art. It is reported that this exchange activity is invited by Mayor Fontenay Sousbois (Fontenay by the Woods), which will create a good environment and atmosphere for children to experience the artistic charm of ballet, and provide a platform for China dancers to broaden their international horizons and look at the world. After the exchange, each little dancer will also receive the certificate of "Little Messenger of Chinese and French Culture and Art" issued by the fontenay Municipal Government beside the forest. Transportation Tips Transportation: Take MRT (3), (7) and (8) and get off at Opera or Chaussee-d'Antin Station. Attraction information: Address:120 pluelyon.75012 Paris Tickets: 6 euros for students under 25 years old and 0/0 euros for adults. Opening hours: 10: 00-17: 00 Transportation: Take the MRT 3.