Title: Pipa Parallel Sequence

Year and author

Don? Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When I arrived at my great-grandfather, I moved to Xiayi (Yin Gu: He) (now Weinan North, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.

In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature.

content

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those pipa players in the middle of the night. Listen to its voice, there is the voice of Kyoto. Ask the man, Ben Chang 'an advocates women and learns to bathe grass. Old age is fading, and I am committed to being a wife. He ordered the winemaker to play a few tunes quickly. I feel sorry for you, but I tell myself the happiness of my childhood. Now I am wandering and haggard, and I have been an official in the Jianghu for two years. I feel comfortable, I feel comfortable. I didn't feel moved until the evening. Because Long song is for them, there are 6 12 words. Life is called pipa xing.

In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.

I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.

Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.

We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.

We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.

We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.

However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.

... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.

Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.

She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.

She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them, plucks them, and then "dresses up" and "has a green waist".

Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.

Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.

Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice. We heard a stream sobbing painfully along the beach.

The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop.

The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.

A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.

Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.

The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.

She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.

Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.

She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.

Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers.

How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.

The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine.

Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.

Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.

Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.

Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.

She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.

Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.

Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.

We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !

A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.

Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.

My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.

What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.

I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning and the autumn night in the moonlight.

Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.

Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.

Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you.

... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.

Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.

But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.

To annotate ...

Xunyang River: The Yangtze River flowing through Xunyang. Suosuo: Describe the sound of maple and reed being blown by autumn wind.

[2] Turn the back light: move the light. Heavy: Come again.

(3) plucking the strings on the rotating shaft: winding the shaft of the silk string on the pipa and twisting it to tune.

[4] concealment and suppression: concealment and suppression. Thinking: Pronunciation.

[5] Close: the fingers of the left hand push inward according to the strings (in the middle of the pipa). Wipe: Pull the string to the left, also called "bounce". Nishang: namely "colorful feathers". Liu Xuan: The title of Daqu, also called Happy World, Green Waist and Yao Yao, is a kind of dance music.

[6] Major chord: refers to the thickest chord. Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord. Noisy: heavy and comfortable. Keenness: subtlety promotes quietness.

[7] Customs room: The movement of Yu Ying is called "customs room". Pharyngalgia: Obstruction is not smooth. It is difficult under the ice, and it is difficult to flow under the ice. It describes the change of music from smooth to cold.

[8] Burst: sputtering.

[9] End of the song: The music is over. Plucker: A plucker used when playing strings. Be careful when painting: this is a right-handed technique. At the end of a piece of music, you often draw four strings in the middle of the pipa with a plucker.

[10] boat: boat.

[1 1] Convergence: serious, reserved and polite.

[12] Frog Mausoleum: Located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang, it was a famous amusement area at that time.

[13] Jiao Fang: the official organization in charge of conducting musical acrobatics and directing songs and dances in the Tang Dynasty.

[14] Qiu Niang: a common name for a song and dance prostitute in the Tang Dynasty. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of three emperors in the Han Dynasty outside Chang 'an. Tie the head: send brocade, silk and other gifts to cabaret prostitutes.

[15] Thin and light silk.

[16] Tangtou cloud grate: a comb (comb cover) inlaid with flowers. Clap your hands: beat the time.

[17] color reason: aging appearance.

[18] Floating beam: an ancient county name, belonging to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. In today's Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province.

[19] Come and go: after leaving.

[20] Dream crying makeup tears: I cry in my dream, and there are tears on my face that are evenly powdered. Dry: describe tears.

< 21> heavy (pronounced flat): it means heavy again. Haw: Sigh.

[22] Oh (sound Europe) Dumb Mock (sound folding): describes the noise of the sound.

[23] Pipa language, Pipa sound and music played by Pipa.

[24] but sit: retreat to the original place. Speed up the rope: twist the rope tighter.

[25] Forward voice: It was very monotonous just now.

[26] Blue shirt: the dress color of eight-product and nine-mouth civil servants in the Tang Dynasty.

1, Kan (Payne)

2. Zheng

3. Jia (G incarnation)

4. Benjamin

5. Migration (xǐ)

6. Chen

7. Di

8. A gloomy throat (yè)

9. Frog (Hama)

10, gan (xiāo)

1 1, date)

12, grate (b: and)

13, Chunjiang Flower Dynasty (zhāo)

14, ou remained a smile (not 舵 u y ā zhā o zhā)

translate

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Jiujiang Sima. One night in the second autumn, I sent a friend to Songpukou and heard someone playing the pipa on the boat. The voice is sonorous and longitudinal, with the charm of Beijing. When I asked the man, I realized that she was a geisha in Chang 'an. He studied pipa with two famous artists, Cao and Mu. As she grew older, her beauty gradually declined, and she had to become a businessman's wife. I ordered the wine and set it up, which made her play a few songs happily. She was very sad when she finished playing. Described the happy scene when I was young; But now, wandering and haggard, wandering in the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was demoted from Beijing, and I feel very calm and content with the status quo. After listening to her words that night, I felt the taste of being relegated, so I made this long poem for her, with a total of 6 12 words (in fact, the whole poem is 6 16 words), named Pipa Xing.

In the evening, I said goodbye to my friends by Xunyang River. Maple leaves are in full bloom and rustle in the autumn wind. The master got off the horse and walked into a friend's boat. He picked up the wine to drink, but there was no music to entertain him. Gloomily drunk, sad to be separated, to be separated, the vast river flooded in the bright moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa floating on the water. The host forgot to go back and the guests refused to get up.

Quietly ask who is playing the pipa with voice. The pipa stopped, and I tried to speak but I couldn't speak slowly. Get close to the boat and let that man come to see you. Add wine, light a lamp, and set a banquet. After repeated calls, she was willing to walk out of the cabin, holding the pipa in her hand and covering half her face. Twisting the spindle, plucking the strings, plucking two or three times, but not yet playing a tune, I am full of emotions. Every string is sighing, and every sound is meditating, as if telling a dissatisfied story. With my eyebrows raised, I continued to play and play, telling an infinite sad event. Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it and pick it. I started to play "Nishang", and later I played "Liuyao". The thick strings are noisy, as if it were a sudden storm, and the thin strings are cut off, as if children were whispering. It's so noisy, big beads and small beads are in a mess, all of which are tracts of jade. How hard it is to cross the flower bottom-how fluently it calls and how hard it is to swallow the spring water under the ice! When the running water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the pipa. Black boy freezes, and his voice stops temporarily. In addition, it also reveals a kind of sadness hidden in the deep heart. At this time, there is no sound, but it is more exciting than sound. Suddenly a silver bottle exploded and water slurry rushed in. Suddenly, a group of soldiers came out, and their swords and guns roared. After the bullet is finished, the plucked string crosses the middle of the string, and the four strings make the same sound, as if tearing silk. There was no one talking on the east and west ships, only a full moon shining in the middle of the river.

I suspect that swallowing the dial and inserting it on the string, tidying up my clothes and standing up is very respectful. She complained, "Originally, she was a girl from Beijing and lived near the Ranling. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of the teaching workshop. Playing music has won the praise of composers, and combing makeup often causes Qiu Niang's jealousy. Wuling teenagers rushed to give gifts, and a song was exchanged for countless Wuling Shu brocade. The beating time broke the cloud grate on the head, eating wine and splashing bloody skirts. Laugh this year, laugh next year, and spend many autumn nights and spring gently; The same sister married a soldier, and the procuress died. Ruthless time took away the beautiful beauty. The cars and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner. I married a businessman and followed him here. Businessmen only value profits and don't care about parting. Last month, they went to Fuliang to buy tea for business. Leave me at the mouth of the river, I am alone in this empty boat house. Moonlight around the boat Bai Rushuang, the river is so cold. I suddenly dreamed of my childhood in the middle of the night, full of tears, and I was even sadder when I woke up. ……"

I sighed after listening to the pipa, and I was even more embarrassed after listening to these words. The same frustrated people wander in the distance, moved together, so what if they didn't know each other before! I have been ill since I left Beijing last year and was demoted to Xunyang. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, where there is no music and orchestral music can't be played all year round. Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo. What do you hear here every morning and evening? Except for the cuckoo's cry, there is only the sad cry of the ape. Spring morning and autumn moon night, take out wine, but often drink it by yourself. Are there no folk songs? No village flute? Oh, the dumb taunt, that sound is really ugly! Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open. Don't go, please sit down and play another tune, and I'll write the lyrics for you. The title is pipa.

After listening to my words, I stood for a long time, then sat down and plucked the strings, more anxious. Sadly, unlike the voice just now, the whole audience couldn't help crying. Who among them cried the most sadly? Jiangzhou Sima tears wet blue!

works appreciation

By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.

In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, profoundly reflecting the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressing the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"

Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.

Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", and the teenagers in Kyoto were "bound heads" and "a song has countless red silks". However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and crying, and her "singing every night, beauty withers", finally had to "marry a businessman's wife" These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.

Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.

They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, concrete burst its banks, the sound of swords and guns, pearls falling on a jade plate and singing at the bottom of flowers. When you read it, you can smell it and feel it.

The whole poem Pipa Xing is divided into four paragraphs, ranging from "seeing off guests at night in Xunyang River" to "hiding half a face after playing the piano". The first paragraph is about the appearance of a pipa girl. Among them, the first six sentences tell the time, which is a night of maple leaf red, yellow flower yellow and autumn wind rustling; Tell the location, it is Xunyang Jiangtou. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang city; Xunyang Jiangtou is also called Songpukou in the preface above. Explained the background, it was the poet who sent his friend goodbye. Parting itself is unpleasant, and there are no more singers and waitresses before the banquet, which is of course more lonely. The syntax of the sentence "I, the master, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his boat" is a bit strange. In fact, it means that the master and the guest rode to the river together and dismounted to the boat together. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. We were leaving each other when the river mysteriously widened towards the full moon. The scenery and atmosphere here are well described, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and dismay, which blends with the depression and sadness of the host and guests to form a strong sense of oppression, preparing for the sudden turn of events below. Among them, the last eight sentences are written in the front: "We suddenly heard a voice, a guitar crossed the water, the owner forgot to go home, and the guest had to go his way." The sound floated from the water, from the ship. This voice immediately caught the attention of the host and guests. They don't want to leave or go back. They must explore the truth of this wonderful sound. "Where do we follow the melody and ask the player's name? The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we shouted a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times. She still hid half of her face behind the guitar and didn't let us see it. " The description here is very detailed. Because it is night, and because they only hear one kind of sound, they don't know where the sound comes from or who the performer is, so the word "seeking the sound and asking the secret" here is very vivid. Then "pipa stops" means that the player heard the call of the holder; "I want to talk late" is consistent with the following "However, before she started coming to us, we made a thousand phone calls and urged her for a thousand times, and still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us", which shows that the performer is depressed and ashamed of the degradation of her life experience, and she is no longer willing to show her face. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.

Twenty-two sentences are from "... she turned the string shaft and tried to play a few strings. The second paragraph is" We saw the white autumn moon enter the middle of the river ",which describes the superb acting skills of the pipa girl. Among them, "... she turned the tuning shaft and tested several strings" is to write a tuning audition before the official performance; Then "the strings are suppressed" and the sadness of the tune is written; "She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music", written in slow andante. Gathering, twisting, rubbing and picking are all ways to play the pipa. Nishang: namely "colorful feather" is a dance name in the court of Tang Dynasty. Six: a popular dance name at that time. Fourteen sentences, from "the big strings are ringing like rain" to "the four strings are ringing like silk reeling", describe the musical image of pipa music, from fast to slow, to fine, to quiet, to sudden storms, and then to the final blow, which comes to an abrupt end. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here, which made the more abstract musical image suddenly become a visual image. There are big beads and small beads falling from the jade plate, Guan Ying's words flowing in the flowers, thin lines under the water ice, and the "silence is better than sound" is gone, and the sudden fracture of the silver bottle and the iron horse makes the listener feel sad, relieved, relaxed and afraid. "Dong Fang is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river." These two sentences are about the performance effect of the pipa girl. Everyone was fascinated, the performance was over, and the listeners were still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence all around, except for a bright moon reflected in the water.

The third paragraph, from "thinking about strings" to "being awakened from a dream by her hot tears", is a total of 24 sentences, which are about the life experience of the pipa girl. She was once very popular in her early years, but later she became older and declined. Hesitate: To hesitate or hesitate. Convergence: refers to putting away the emotions when playing ball and solemnly respecting others again. Waling: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang. Judging from the following ten sentences, "I mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen", this woman was once a smash hit. She is young and highly skilled. She is admired by the older generation of artists and admired by her peers. The prince and grandson are obsessed with her color art: they will spend a lot of money to invite her to play; She indulged in luxury herself and never knew what meanness meant. In this way, year after year, the good times flow away like running water. Jiao Fang: The official position in charge of the court band in Tang Dynasty. The first part: I like the first group and the first team. Qiu Niang: refers to the beautiful and skilled geisha at that time. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Ping Ling, were the places where the rich lived at that time. Juvenile Wuling: usually refers to the children of nobles. Head-binding: refers to the gift given to showgirls in ancient times, which was used in the Tang Dynasty and other property was left to future generations. Red silk: a kind of raw silk fabric. Soup head: a comb with flowers at both ends. Cloud grate: refers to jewelry decorated with jade jewelry. Clap your hands: beat the time. When singing and dancing, clappers were originally made of wood or bamboo, but now it is popular to clap festivals with precious cloud grates, saying luxury and getting carried away. Idle: whatever, do not pay attention. From the following ten sentences "until first her brother went to war, then her aunt died", this woman changed and degenerated. With the decline of her age, aristocratic children stopped coming to the door, and her few relatives left one after another. She is like a pair of outdated shoes, no one will look at her anymore, so she has to marry a businessman. This businessman only cares about making money and never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone, leaving the poor woman at home. People have memories. In the face of today's loneliness and neglect, recalling the past makes it mine. In contrast, how can it not make people feel sad? Sometimes in the dead of night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. In fact, even if I don't dream, I don't know how many times I have to think about it a day. Fuliang: County name, which governs the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Red and dry: the face is covered with tears and powder.

From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",sentence 26 is the fourth paragraph, in which the poet expresses his life experience and sympathy for the pipa girl. Haw: Sigh. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "The strong feelings of the second language, the tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages. From "I came, a year ago, away from the capital", the following twelve sentences describe the poet's loneliness since he was relegated to Jiujiang. He said: "Jiujiang is so far away that I can't hear music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning and the autumn night in the moonlight. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh and harsh in my ears. " Desolate terrain, harsh environment, sad eyes, nothing to be happy about. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own anguish and empathy. Let's compare a passage sung river praised Jiangzhou in Water Margin. He said, "Although I have committed crimes here, I still look at the real mountains and water." Although there are several famous mountains and historical sites there, there is no such scenery. "The poet's sadness and frustration are entirely caused by his political blow, but he can't say that. He just vaguely said that he was also a "fallen man", and he was "sick in seclusion" here, and all other heartbroken pains were pressed to the bottom of his heart. That's why what he saw and heard made people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a friend in need, he sincerely praised and thanked the pipa girl for her wonderful performance and asked her to play another song. He wanted to write a long poem "Pipa Trip" for her. Pipa girl doesn't want to associate with others anymore. Later, when she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, she set the tone and played a more tragic tune. This piece of music made all the listeners cry. What about sentimental poets? Look at his blue chest. It's soaked through. String pulling: to tighten the strings to improve the tone. Blue: Casual clothes with eight or nine grades. Sima was born with nine grades, so he wears blue.

This poem is very artistic. First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related. After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere. Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end. Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite. For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!

Bai Juyi was originally a poet who cared about the lower class and sympathized with the people's sufferings. This time, he described a touching and pitiful image of a dusty woman in simple language. Because of this poem, Bai Juyi's name is a household name, known to all women and children. Thirty years later, in a poem written to Bai Juyi, Tang Xuanzong said: "The child can understand the Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Hu er can sing Pipa Xing. Even children of ethnic minorities can recite it, let alone Han people with a little culture.

Related background

Pipa Trip was written in the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 16). Bai Juyi was forty-five years old and was appointed as Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi was first left to collect the remains ten years ago, and then he was left to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, the forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to stab Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Pei Du at the head of Chang 'an Avenue, which caused great controversy in the ruling and opposition parties. A spokesman for the North Korean buffer region army further demanded the removal of Pei Du to stabilize the buffer region's "anti-frontier" heart. At this time, Bai Juyi stepped forward and insisted on recruiting thieves, thinking that otherwise the country would not be a country. Bai Juyi's idea is right, but because he always writes allegorical poems and offends many powerful people in the imperial court, some people say that he is a humble official and oversteps his authority. Plus someone accused him of being Luo Zhi, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Jiangzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Sima is the assistant of the secretariat, which sounds good, but in fact, in the middle Tang Dynasty, this position was specially set up for "criminal" officials and was sent to a certain place in disguise for supervision and supervision. This incident had a great influence on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological transformation. Since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn away and his negative emotions have increased.

Pipa Travel was written in the second year of his relegation to Jiangzhou. By describing the pipa girl's superb acting skills and bleak life experience, the work expresses the author's personal frustration and sadness at her political blow and relegation. Here, the poet regards a female advocate as his confidante, sharing joys and sorrows with her, writing about others, crying about others, ups and downs in the official sea, and life is sad and integrated, thus making his works have unusual appeal.

The preface introduces the time and place of the story told in the long poem, the pipa girl and the origin of the author's writing this poem. In fact, it has simply summarized the basic content of this long poem. Left shift: refers to demotion and official demotion. Ganpukou: where Ganshui meets the Yangtze River, in the west of Jiujiang City. Kyoto Tone: The charm of Chang 'an, the capital, refers to the regional characteristics and superb acting skills of the tunes, which are not available in ordinary places. Good talent: used to address pipa players in the Tang Dynasty. Order wine: send someone to prepare the banquet. Poor, sad look. Nature: the appearance of happiness. Relocation: refers to the sorrow of being exiled. The author said that he was exiled to Jiujiang for a year and was happy every day. Only today, he listened to the pipa girl's performance, which aroused his sorrow in exile. This statement is necessary for writing an article, and readers will certainly not believe him. Long sentence: refers to seven-character ancient poems.

Version introduction

Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a well-known sentence in Pipa: "Guan Yingying's flowers are slippery, and we can hear a stream sobbing on the beach." Among them, the word "underwater beach" has been commented by commentators, and it has not been concluded yet. The reason lies in the different understanding and interpretation caused by different versions of the text. Please check the variation of the version:

(1) Create an "underwater beach" —— Ma Yuan published Bai Changqing Collection in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Wang Liming published Bai Xiangshan Poetry Collection in the corner of the thatched cottage in the forty-third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Poetry Bureau published The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and Qin Long published Wen Yuan Hua Ying in Ming Dynasty.

(2) Difficulties under the ice —— Poems of White Xiangshan published by Wang Liming's A Corner of Caotang, and Poems of the Whole Tang Dynasty published by Yangzhou Poetry Bureau, which are "ice" in water and "difficult" in beach; The lost edition of Bai Xiangshan Poetry published in the corner of He Chaopai Caotang in Beijing Library;

(3) Writing "Under the Ice Beach"-Wenyuan Huaying, a dragon publication in Ming Dynasty, gambling on "ice" with "water", and four series of books photocopying the Song version of "Bai Changqing Collection";

(4) Making "Underwater Difficulties" —— Literature and Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied Song Shaoxing's White Anthology and collated Qing Dynasty's Lu Bai Anthology.

Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a well-known sentence in Pipa: "Guan Yingying's flowers are slippery, and we can hear a stream sobbing on the beach." Among them, the word "underwater beach" has been commented by commentators, and it has not been concluded yet. The reason lies in the different understanding and interpretation caused by different versions of the text. Please check the variation of the version:

(1) Create an "underwater beach" —— Ma Yuan published Bai Changqing Collection in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Wang Liming published Bai Xiangshan Poetry Collection in the corner of the thatched cottage in the forty-third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Poetry Bureau published The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and Qin Long published Wen Yuan Hua Ying in Ming Dynasty.

(2) Difficulties under the ice —— Poems of White Xiangshan published by Wang Liming's A Corner of Caotang, and Poems of the Whole Tang Dynasty published by Yangzhou Poetry Bureau, which are "ice" in water and "difficult" in beach; The lost edition of Bai Xiangshan Poetry published in the corner of He Chaopai Caotang in Beijing Library;

(3) Writing "Under the Ice Beach"-Wenyuan Huaying, a dragon publication in Ming Dynasty, gambling on "ice" with "water", and four series of books photocopying the Song version of "Bai Changqing Collection";

(4) Making "Underwater Difficulties" —— Literature and Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied Song Shaoxing's White Anthology and collated Qing Dynasty's Lu Bai Anthology.