Laminated glass is an advanced safety glass, which is made of PVB film sandwiched between two or more pieces of glass at high temperature and high pressure.

2) What are the characteristics of laminated glass?

Laminated glass is closely bonded by PVB, which has elasticity and shock absorption, so when laminated glass is broken, the fragments will still stick to the PVB film, and no personal injury and property loss will be caused by the falling of broken glass.

3) What is the function of "boiling test" of laminated glass? Immerse the laminated glass sample vertically in a water tank at 66 3℃, take it out quickly after three minutes, and immediately put it in another boiling water tank to boil for 2 hours. The function of boiling test is to evaluate the stability of laminated glass under high temperature and high humidity.

4) How is the degumming of laminated glass caused? Qualified laminated glass is safety glass with good transparency and tight adhesion between PVB film and glass. Degumming of laminated glass means that PVB film separates a gap from glass. When the glass edge is exposed to humid environment for a long time, the adhesion of PVB film will be reduced due to humidity, and the glass will be easily degummed when there is bending stress.

5) Can laminated glass prevent fire? Laminated glass is not fireproof glass, but it has certain fireproof ability.

6) Can laminated glass be soundproof? Laminated glass is excellent in reducing noise in the whole sound wave frequency range.

7) Can laminated glass protect furniture and exhibits from fading? The ultraviolet shielding rate of laminated glass is as high as 99.9%, which can protect furniture and exhibits from fading.

8) Why do some installed laminated glass crack? PVB film, that is, the adhesive layer of laminated glass, can absorb ultraviolet rays and part of near infrared rays in sunlight, and the internal temperature of glass increases to produce thermal stress, which causes the glass to crack. The methods to prevent hot cracking are: reasonable selection of glass varieties; Carry out edge grinding treatment to eliminate micro-cracks at the edges; Reduce and eliminate the phenomenon of edge collapse and corner collapse during production, handling and installation.

9) What is the bending degree of laminated glass specified in 9)GB 9962-88? Bending degree shall not exceed 0.3%.

10) What is the adjustment coefficient of laminated glass in wind pressure design? In wind pressure design, the adjustment coefficient of laminated glass is 0.8.

1 1) Where should the laminated glass be selected? Because of its high impact strength and safety, laminated glass is suitable for doors, windows, ceilings, floors and partition walls of buildings. Skylights of industrial plants; Shop window; Kindergartens, schools, gymnasiums, private houses, villas, madhouses, banks, jewelry stores, post offices and other buildings with valuables or fragile glass.

12) How about the impact resistance of various combinations of laminated glass? Thick laminated glass is better than thin laminated glass. Semi-tempered laminated glass is more impact-resistant than ordinary laminated glass and tempered laminated glass. The total thickness is unchanged, and increasing the thickness of PVB film can enhance the ability to resist violent invasion.

13) What standards do laminated glass and bullet-proof glass produced by CSG meet respectively? The quality of laminated glass produced by CSG conforms to GB9962-88 national standard; The quality of bullet-proof glass meets the enterprise standard of Q/SXHD00 1-95. Laminated glass products have passed the Australian standard AS2208, American national standard ANSIZ97. 1 and Italian standard UNI7 172, all of which are the highest requirements in the world.

14) origin, variety, thickness and specification of PVB film? In order to ensure the product quality, all PVB films used by CSG are imported, including American Shounuo Company (formerly Monsanto Company) and DuPont Company. Varieties are: transparent, milky white, blue, dark gray, light green, brown and so on. There are various specifications: 2440 mm, 2 160 mm, 1850 mm, 1530 mm and so on. Thickness: 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.52 mm, 0.55 mm.

15) What is the minimum thickness of PVB film of tempered laminated glass? The PVB film thickness of tempered laminated glass should be at least 0.76 mm, otherwise the slight deformation of tempered glass will affect the final product quality.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of laminated glass compared with tempered glass? The laminated glass is elastic, which can resist impact and theft, and can also sound, heat and block ultraviolet rays. But its mechanical strength and thermal stability are not as good as tempered glass.

17) What are "dry method" and "wet method"? "Dry method": the PVB film is sandwiched between two or more layers of glass and put into an autoclave for hot pressing, which is suitable for industrial production. "Wet method": The prepared adhesive slurry is poured between two or more pieces of formed glass, and laminated glass is made by heating polymerization or photopolymerization.

Heat reflecting glass

1) What is the visible light transmittance? Percentage of light intensity transmitted through glass to incident light intensity in visible spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm).

2) What is visible light reflectivity? In the visible spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm), the percentage of light intensity reflected by glass to incident light intensity.

3) What is the solar transmittance? In the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm, including ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light), the percentage of solar energy intensity transmitted through glass to the incident solar energy intensity.

4) What is solar reflectivity? In the range of solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm, including ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light), the solar energy intensity reflected by glass accounts for the percentage of incident solar energy intensity.

5) What is the U value (K value)? U value (k value) is the heat transfer coefficient of glass components. Under ASHRAE standard conditions, the heat transfer from air to air is caused by the heat transfer of glass and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. Its English units are: English units of heat per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit. The metric unit is watts per square meter per kelvin temperature. The lower the u value, the lower the heat transfer through the glass.

6) What is the U value of 6)ASHRAE in winter? The outdoor temperature is 0 f (-18 c), the urban temperature is 70 f (21c), the outdoor wind speed is 15mph(24km/h), the indoor air is naturally convective, and the sunshine intensity is 0 BTU/h-FT2 (OW/).

7) What are the conditions of 7)ASHRAE summer U value? The outdoor temperature is 90 f (-18 c), the urban temperature is 75 f (21c), the outdoor wind speed is 7.5mph( 12km/h), the indoor air naturally convects, and the sunshine intensity is 248 BTU/h-FT2 ().

8) What is the shading coefficient SC? Under the same conditions, the ratio of the amount of solar radiation energy transmitted through the glass module to the amount of 3 mm transparent glass is the shading coefficient of the module, which is expressed by SC. The smaller the shading coefficient, the better the performance of blocking direct sunlight.

9) What is the relative heat increase? In summer, when the sun shines directly, the instantaneous total heat passing through the glass module includes solar radiation heat and thermal radiation heat. The lower the relative heat, the better the energy-saving performance. Relative heating rhg = 200 ′ sc+14 ′ uxia [btu/h-ft2] or, rhg = 8 ′ uxia+630 ′ sc [w/m2].

10) What is thermal stress fracture? Due to the uneven temperature in different parts of the same glass, the phenomenon of cracking is called thermal stress cracking. The characteristics of thermal stress crack phenomenon are that the cracks on the edge of glass are neat and at right angles to the edge, and the cracks in the middle part of glass are arc rather than straight.

1 1) Several factors affecting thermal stress. Building orientation, cold weather conditions, glass size and shape, HVAC facilities location, window frame system, indoor and outdoor shielding, glass absorption.

12) What is heat reflective glass? Heat-reflective glass is the so-called coated glass, which is usually composed of 1~3 films coated on the glass surface. The shading coefficient SC of the heat reflective glass is 0.2 ~ 0.6.

13) Characteristics of heat reflective glass: ideal visible light transmittance and reflectivity, multiple reflection tones, low solar gain and ideal shading coefficient.

Application of one-way transparent glass? Mainly used for hidden observation windows, vacuum magnetron sputtering equipment is used for coating on transparent glass or colored glass. The film surface must face the observed room with bright light source, and a suitable illumination ratio must be created to achieve the ideal effect.

15) What is the wind load capacity? That is, the ability to withstand uniform wind pressure. It is related to the size and thickness of glass.

16) What is the control range of rolling probability? Theoretically, it is controlled within 3% (lossless crushing rate). Now, due to market changes, it is impossible to achieve it.

17) What kinds of substrates (glass originals) are there? Transparent glass and colored glass can be divided into two categories. CSG often uses colored glass: F Green (GR2), H Green (GR5), China Green (GR8), Lake Blue (AZ), American Blue Green (BG4) and Belgian Blue Green (BL6).

18) What are the colors of coated glass? The coated glass produced by CSG includes gray, silver gray, blue gray, brown, gold, yellow, blue, green, turquoise, pure gold, purple, rose red and neutral color.

19) What is the thin film interference color? Does the film thickness affect the interference color? The color produced by soap bubbles and a thin gasoline film floating in water is the interference color of the film, not the color of the film material, but the interaction between light and the film. When the film thickness on coated glass changes, the interference color changes, which is why coated glass has various colors. The color of coated glass based on colored glass is the color of glass body, not interference color.

20) Does film surface pollution affect color? The color of coated glass produced by thin film interference will change obviously even if a thin and transparent pollution film is attached. Uneven thickness of polluted film will make the appearance become "face painting".